政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/54370

政大典藏 > College of Foreign Languages and Literature > Graduate Institute of Linguistics > Theses > Item 140.119/54370

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54370

Title:	顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」在台灣華語、台灣客語以及台灣閩南語語意延伸之比較 Semantic extensions of the color terms, black and white, in Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hakka and Taiwanese Southern Min
Authors:	呂淑禎 Lu, Shu Chen
Contributors:	賴惠玲 Lai, Huei Ling 呂淑禎 Lu, Shu Chen
Keywords:	顏色詞隱喻轉喩 Semantic extension Color terms Metaphor Metonymy 語意延伸
Date:	2011
Issue Date:	2012-10-30 10:53:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本論文探討顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」在台灣華語、台灣客語以及台灣閩南語中語意延伸之比較。黑與白是自然界中最原始的顏色，而在Berlin and Kay (1969) 的顏色發展歷程中處於第一階段。本文觀察顏色詞黑與白背後的認知機制，並藉此將語料分成原始意義、轉喻延伸、隱喻延伸和特殊例子這些類別來詳述。本研究發現有些隱喻延伸普遍地存在三個語言當中，有些則是某個語言特有的，而這些語言特定的顏色詞通常蘊含文化根源、發展成構式或從外語借用而來。本文還運用Kövecses (2005) 隱喻中的文化因素來審視顏色詞黑與白。研究發現就跨語言層面而言，台灣華語發展出最多的隱喻延伸，台灣閩南語次之，而台灣客語最少。這顯示了台灣華語顏色詞的蓬勃發展跟該語言的文化、經濟或科技等活躍發展密切相關。此外，本文發現顏色詞黑大多為負面意義，而顏色詞白則多為非負面意義。顏色詞黑與白也發展出許多語意延伸的對立，例如神秘與明確、惡與善、違法與合法。 This thesis explores the similarities and differences regarding color terms of black and white among TM, TH and TSM. Black and white are the two most fundamental colors in the natural world as designated at stage one in Berlin and Kay’s (1969) evolutionary sequence. We classify data into cognitive categories of prototypical meaning, metonymic extensions, metaphorical extensions and idiosyncratic examples, observe their corresponding lexicalization types (Packard 2000) and use Kövecses’ (2005) cultural factors in metaphor to examine them. The three languages all contain abundant data of prototypical meanings which refer to the physiologically visual color, black and white, the representative colors of human conceptual universals about night and day (Wierzbicka 1996, Goddard 1998). Via different ICM mechanisms (Kövecses and Radden 1998), the three languages develop diverse metonymic extensions. Besides, through the general metaphor ABSTRACT QUALITY IS PHYSICAL QUALITY (Goatly 2011), numerous attributes are conceptualized through the visual color black or white in metaphorical extensions. Some metaphorical extensions are universal across the three languages; some are language-specific because of cultural roots, fixed constructions or language borrowing. Idiosyncratic examples include arbitrary items and proverbial expressions. We also use Kövecses’ (2005) cultural factors in metaphor to observe the cross-cultural and within-culture dimensions. For the cross-cultural dimension, in terms of the source domain of color black or white among the three languages, TM develops the most prolific metaphorical extensions of color terms, TH has the least versatile generations, and the development of TSM color terms is in between. The complexity of TM color terms is closely related to the vivacity of cultural, economic or technological developments in that language. From the most primitive opposite of darkness and brightness, color terms of black and white also distinctively contrast with each other. The negative meanings of color terms black are proportionally dominant whereas the meanings of color terms white are mostly non-negative. Furthermore, color terms black and white reveal some evident oppositions in the metaphorical extensions such as mystery and clarity, viciousness and innocence and illegality and legality.
Reference:	Abramov, I. 1997. Physiological mechanisms of color vision. Color Categories in Thought and Language, eds. by C. L. Hardin, and L. Maffi, 89-117. New York: Cambridge University Press. Berlin, B. and P. Kay. 1969. Basic Color Terms. Berkeley: University of California Press. Biggam, C. P., C. A. Hough, C. J. Kay and D. R. Simmons (Eds.). 2011. New Directions in Colour Studies. UK: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Boers, F. 2003. Applied linguistics perspectives on cross-cultural variation in conceptual metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol 18.4: 231-238. Chen, C.-N. 1994. A comparative study of color-word metaphors in English and Mandarin Chinese. M.A. Thesis. Fu Jen University. Chen, Z.-X. 1997. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juanyi: Rensheng Zheli [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 1:Philosophy of Life]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher. Chen, Z.-X. 1997. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juaner: Qiqing Liuyu [Taiwanse Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 2: Emotions]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher. Chen, Z.-X. 1999. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juansi: Shenghuo Gongzuo [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 4: Life and Work]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher. Chen, Z.-X. 2000. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juanwu: Hunyin Jiating [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 5: Marriage and Family]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher. Chen, Z.-X. 2003. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juanqi: Xiangtu, Guansu yu Xinyang [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 7: Customs and Beliefs]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher. Chen, Z.-X. 2005. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juanba: Tianqi, Tianyuan han Jiankang [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 8: Weather, Fields and Health]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher. Cheng, Y. 1991. Basic color terms in Chinese dialects: structure and change. M.A. Thesis. National Tsing Hua University. Cheng, Y. 2002. The semantic transfer of color terms. Proceedings of the First Cognitive Linguistics Conference Language and Cognition, ed. by Y.-E. Hsiao, 321-343. Taipei: Graduate Institute of Linguistics National ChengChi University. Croft, W. and D. A. Cruse. 2004. Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Derrig, S. 1978. Metaphor in the color lexicon. Papers from the Parasession on the Lexicon, eds. by D. Farkas, W. Jacobsen, and K. Todrys, 85-96. Chicago Linguistic Society. Dong, Z.-S. 2001. Taiwan Minnanyu Cidian [Taiwanese Southern Min Dictionary]. Taipei: Wunan Publishing Company. Fan, W.-F. 1998. Touqianxi Ge Gushi [Stories of Touqianxi]. Xinzhu: Xinzhu County Culture Center. Fan, Z.-G. 2007. Wenhua shehuiyundong pian [Culture and social activity]. The Introduction of Taiwanese Hakka Studies, ed. by C.-K. Hsu, 417-447. Taipei: Council for Hakka Affairs Executive Yuan, ROC (Taiwan) and Association for Taiwan Hakka Studies. Fang, N.-Q. 2005. Taiwanhuanei Zhihui [The Wisdom of Taiwanese Southern Min]. Taipei: Kaixin Publishing Co., Ltd. Fei, N. 1999. Zhongying yanseci yuyi gainian de chayi ji qi dui lijie yanseciyu de yingxiang [The difference of semantic concepts about Chinese and English color terms and the influence on the understanding of color terms]. M. A. Thesis. National Taiwan Normal University. Fillmore, C. J. and B. T. Atkins. 1992. Toward a frame-based lexicon: the semantics of RISK and its neighbors. Frames, Fields, and Contrasts, eds. by A. Lehrer and E. F. Kittay, 75-102. Hillsdale. N. J.: Lawrence. Goatly, A. 2011. The Language of Metaphors. USA: Routledge. Goddard, C. 1998. Semantic Analysis: A Practical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. He, S.-S. 2009. Keyan Di Erbaishou—Shoulu Zuixin Yibaishou Keyan [Hakka Proverbs the Second Hundred—the Latest One Hundred Hakka Proverbs]. Taipei: Wunan Publishing Company. Hippisley, A., I. Davies and G. G. Corbett. 2008. The basic colour terms of lower Sorbian and upper Sobian and their typological relevance. Studies in Language 32.1: 56-92. Ho, S.-J. and C.-H. Tzeng. 2006. The study of the expression of the color of “Si-Xian” family of Hakka languages. Paper presented at Secai Yantaohui [Color Seminar], Taipei, Taiwan. Hu, W.-C. (Ed). 1994. Dongshizhen Keyu Gushiji [Dongshizhen Hakka Stories]. Taizhong: Taizhong County Culture Center. Hu, W.-C. 2003. Taoyuanshi Minnanyu Yanyu Miyu (1) [Taoyuan Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs and Riddles (1)]. Taoyuan: Taoyuan County Government Culture Bureau. Huang, J.-W. 2003. Taiwan Dongshi keyu biaoxingzhuangci de yuyi fenxi [Semantic analysis of terms in Taiwan Dongshi Hakka]. M. A. Thesis. National Hsinchu University of Education. Huang, R.-L. 2005. Taiwan Kejia Cihui Chuanshuo Suyan Youlai Wenji [Taiwanese Hakka Origins of Lexicon, Legend, Proverbs Anthology]. Xinzhu: Xinzhu County Culture Administration. Huang, Y.-D. 2005. Taiwan Kejia Liyanyu Yudian [ Taiwanese Hakka Proverbial Expressions Dictionary]. Taipei: Quanwei Creativity Media Co., Ltd. Kay, P. 1975. Synchronic variability and diachronic change in basic color terms. Language in Society 4: 257-270. Kay, P. and C. K. McDaniel. 1978. The linguistic significance of the meanings of basic color terms. Language 54.3: 610-646. Kejia Zazhi [Hakka Monthly]. Kövecses, Z. and G. Radden. 1998. Metonymy: developing a cognitive linguistic view. Cognitive Linguistics 9: 37-77. Kövecses, Z. 2005. Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kövecses, Z. 2010. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Lakoff, G. 1993. The contemporary theory of metaphor. Metaphor and Thought, ed. by A. Ortony, 202-251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Lakoff, G. and M. Turner. 1989. More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Li, R.-W. 2007. Douzhen Xuetaiyu [Learning Taiwanese Southern Min Together]. Taizhong: Wenxing Publishing Co., Ltd. Liang, X.-Y. 2005. Cong keyu yanseci toushi yuyan yu wenhua guanxi—yu yingguoyu bijiao [Scrutinize the relationship between languages and culture through Hakka color terms—a comparison between English and Chinese]. Paper presented at 5th「Kejia Yanjiu」Yanjiusheng Xueshu Lunwen Yantaohui [The 5th Hakka Studies Graduate Students Academic Seminar ], National Zhongyang University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Lin, S.-F. 2009. A comparative analysis of the meanings and the usages of basic color words in English and Mandarin Chinese. M.A. Thesis. Southern Taiwan University. Liu, P.-T. 2002. Semantic investigation on color adjectives with ABB forms in Taiwanese. M. A. Thesis. National Hsinchu University of Eduction. Liu, Y.-P. 2001. A cognitive approach to the understanding of the six basic color words in Mandarin Chinese. M.A. Thesis. National Taiwan Normal University. Lucy, J. A. 1997. The linguistics of “color”. Color Categories in Thought and Language, ed. by C. L. Hardin, and L. Maffi, 320-346. New York: Cambridge University Press. Luo, Z.-J. and W.-C. Hu (Eds.). 1998. Miaolixian Keyu Gushiji [Collections of Miaolixian Hakka Stories]. Miaoli: Maioli County Culture Center. Luo, Z.-J. 2007. Yuyan wenhua pian [Language and culture]. The Introduction of Taiwanese Hakka Studies, ed. by C.-K. Hsu, 237-263. Taipei: Council for Hakka Affairs Executive Yuan, ROC (Taiwan) and Association for Taiwan Hakka Studies. Maclver, D. 1992. A Chinese-English Dictionary Hakka-Dialect. Taipei: Nantian Bookstore Co., Ltd. Packard, J.- L. 2000. The Morphology of Chinese: A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach. UK: Cambridge University Press. Peng, Y.-L. 1997. Baizeiqi gushi zai taiwan de yanbian [The development of Baizeiqi story in Taiwan]. Guoli Zhongyang Tushuguan Taiwan Fenguan Guankan [Journal of NCL Taiwan Branch] 4.2: 82-97. Radden, G. 2000. How metonymic are metaphors. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads: a cognitive perspective, ed. by Barcelona A., 93-108. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Ruiz de Mendoza, F. J. 2000. The role of mappings and domains in understanding metonymy. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads: a cognitive perspective, ed. by Barcelona A., 109-132. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Ruze de Mendoza, F. J. and O. I. Diez Velasco. 2003. Patterns of conceptual interaction. Metaphor and metonymy in comparison and contrast, eds. by R. Dirven and R. Pörings, 489-532. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Shi, Z.-F. 2007. Rentong zhengzhi pian [Identity and politics]. The Introduction of Taiwanese Hakka Studies, ed. by C.-K. Hsu, 448-479. Taipei: Council for Hakka Affairs Executive Yuan, ROC (Taiwan) and Association for Taiwan Hakka Studies. Steffen Chung, K. 2006. Mandarin Compound Verbs. Taipei: Crane Publishers. Tu, C.-J. 2002. Tingsuanwuqionghan—Youqu de Kehua Liyan 1500 Ze [Interesting 1500 Hakka Proverbs]. Taipei. Tzeng, C.-H. 2002. To analyze the literal meaning of five fundamental color as well as its relation with Ying Yang Five Elements. Journal of Science and Technology 11.2: 121-135. Tzeng, C.-H. and Y.-C. Liu. 2007. Research the association about the color name of “chih hong” and “cing lan” in Chinese character. Journal of Science and Technology 16.2: 97-109. Ungerer, F. and H. J. Schmid. 2006. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. UK: Pearson Education Limited. Wardhaugh, R. 2001. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. UK: Blackwell Publishing. Wierzbicka, A. 1996. The meaning of colour terms and the universals of seeing. Semantics: Primes and Universals, 287-334. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Williams, J. E., J. K. Morland and W. L. Underwood. 1970. Connotations of color names in The United States, Europe, and Asia. The Journal of Social Psychology 82: 3-14. Witkowsky, S. R. and C. H. Brown. 1978. Lexical universals. Annual Review of Anthropology 7: 427-451. Wu, J.-S. 2011. The evolution of basic color terms in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 39.1: 76-122. Wu, K.-S. 2006. Tongyong Taiyu Zidian [Tongyong Taiwanese Southern Min Dictionary]. Taipei: Nantian Publisher Company. Wu, T.-F. 2007. The color term hei “黑” (black) in Mandarin Chinese: a cognitive semantics study. M.A. Thesis. Providence University. Xu, Z.-Q. 2001. Taiwan Kejiahua Cidian [Hakka Dictionary of Taiwan]. Taipei: NanTian Bookstore Co., Ltd. Yang, C.-Z. 2007. Zuqun guanxi pian [Race relations]. The Introduction of Taiwanese Hakka Studies, ed. by C.-K. Hsu, 389-416. Taipei: Council for Hakka Affairs Executive Yuan, ROC (Taiwan) and Association for Taiwan Hakka Studies. Yang, H.-C. 2009. The extended meaning of morphemes and words: A study of“ching”. M. A. Thesis. National Taitung University. Yang, Q.-C. 1997. Taiwan Suyu Cidian [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs Dictionary]. Taipei: Dunli Publisher. Yang, Q.-C. 2005. Taiyu Yuhui Cidian [Taiwanese Southern Min Lexicon Dictionary]. Taipei: Dunli Publisher. Yang, S.-F. 1992. Taiwan Taoyuan Kejia Fangyan [Taiwan Taoyuan Hakka Dialect]. Taipei: Academia Sinica Institute of History and Philology. Yi, X. 1994. Xinbian Taiyu Shuoyuan [Origins of Taiwanese Southern Min]. Taipei: Shibao Culture Publishing Company. Zegura, S. L. 1997. Genes, opsins, neurons, and color categories: closing the gaps. Color Categories in Thought and Language, eds. by C. L. Hardin, and L. Maffi, 283-292. New York: Cambridge University Press. Zhang, L.-M. 1998. Metaphorical understanding of color terms in Chinese. M.A. Thesis. National ZhongZheng University. Zhong, Y.-Y. 1999. Sixian Keyin Zidian [Sixian Hakka Dictionary]. Taoyuan: Zhangzhiyuan Workshop. Online Resources: Chui, K.-W., H.-L. Lai, and H.-C. Chan. 2008. The NCCU Corpus of Spoken Chinese: Mandarin, Hakka, and Southern Min. http://140.119.174.187/ Google Taiwan. http://www.google.com.tw Jiaoyubu Chongbian Guoyu Cidian Xiudingben [MOE Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary]. 1994. http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/ Jiaoyubu Minnanyu Changyongci Cidian [MOE Taiwanese Southern Min Dictionary of Common Words]. 2011. http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/index.htm Jiaoyubu Taiwan Kejiayu Changyongci Cidian [MOE Taiwanese Hakka Dictionary of Common Words]. 2011. http://hakka.dict.edu.tw/hakkadict/index.htm Taiwanese Concordancer. 2007. http://210.240.194.97/tg/concordance/form.asp Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Zhongyanyuan Pingheng Yuliaoku [Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Mandarin Chinese]. http://dbo.sinica.edu.tw/SinicaCorpus/ Zhongyanyuan Minkeyu Diancang [Min and Hakka Language Archives]. http://minhakka.ling.sinica.edu.tw/bkg/index.php
Description:	碩士國立政治大學語言學研究所 96555006 100
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096555006
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Linguistics] Theses

Files in This Item:

File	Size	Format
500601.pdf	4067Kb	Adobe PDF2	2356	View/Open

社群 sharing

Loading...