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    题名: 德國民法買賣瑕疵擔保責任的研究 (II)
    其它题名: An Analysis on Buye`s Rights in the Event of Defects in German Civil Law
    作者: 黃立
    贡献者: 國立政治大學法律學系
    行政院國家科學委員會
    关键词: 法律;德國;民法;買賣瑕疵擔保責任
    日期: 2009
    上传时间: 2012-11-26 09:36:27 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 新法上買受人請求救濟的時效期間遠常於過去。就動產其時效為6個月到2年(德國民法第438條第1項第3款)。此一規定雖源於歐洲消費買賣指令，但德國法確將此一較長時效適用於所有買賣。交付瑕疵物的契約責任風險因之大幅的增加。 其次，出賣人的瑕疵擔保賠償風險也大於過去。在舊法下，買受人請求賠償限於例外的情形才能求償，也就是限於擔保標的物有一定品質時。在新法下，任何契約的違反依據德國民法第433條第1項認為是義務的違反，就產生了賠償義務。出賣人除非能證明其無故意或過失，才能依據德國民法第280條第1項第2句免除責任。 新法的改革對契約自由有一些新且彈性的限制，特別見之於歐洲法關於消費買賣的影響。新法第475條對於消費買賣有一些強制規定。因此當事人不能以合意背離此種規定。
    First, the limitation period for the buyer‘s remedies for defective goods is now much longer than it used to be. For moveable property, i.e. goods, the limitation period has been lengthened - as a general rule - from 6 months to 2 years (§438 (1) no. 3 BGB). This was, of course, a requirement established by the European Consumer Sales Directive. However, German law has lengthened the limitation period for any sale of goods, i.e. including business to business transactions. The risk of contractual liability in the event of delivery defective goods under a sales contract has increased substantially. Second, the risk for the seller to become liable for compensation in the event of defects is much greater than before. As mentioned above, under the old law, the buyer was allowed to claim compensation only in exceptional cases, e.g. if the seller fraudulently concealed a defect or if he gave a warranty for certain qualities of the good sold. Under the new system of remedies, the number of situations in which the seller is liable for compensation of the buyer’s loss in the event of defective goods has increased dramatically. As a general rule, any delivery of defective goods amounts to a breach of duty (§433 (1) BGB) and can thus trigger the buyer‘s claim for compensation. According to §280 (1) sentence 2 BGB, the seller can only escape from this liability if he proves that he was not responsible for this breach of duty. The reform brought several new and drastic restrictions to the freedom of contract. This is partially due to the influence of EC Law, and in particular the Consumer Sales Directive. The new §475 BGB makes the provisions of the BGB which govern the sale of goods mandatory in cases of Consumer Sales, so that parties are not free to deviate from those provisions to the detriment of the consumer. But freedom of contract is also restricted in cases of sales other than consumer sales.
    關聯: 基礎研究
    學術補助
    研究期間:9808~ 9907
    研究經費:455仟元
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[法律學系] 國科會研究計畫

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