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Title:	代工範疇變化主動程度之研究－以台灣國際代工廠商為例
Authors:	許文宗
Contributors:	于卓民司徒達賢許文宗
Date:	2002
Issue Date:	2010-12-08 01:51:51 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	由於台灣市場太小、資源不足、以及廠商本身規模與技術不夠，長久以來大多數的台灣廠商便以國際代工的方式，換取所需的市場、資源與技術。而在國際市場上，由於通訊技術之進步、市場之開放，一些知名品牌商有大者恆大之趨勢，使得這些品牌商有較多的談判力量，進而影響代工廠商成長機會與空間及代工範疇變化主動性。　　過去在研究廠商能力與範疇變化，大多由資源基礎或交易成本之觀點，認為廠商可以自主選擇其發展空間與事業範疇。然而，在代工情境中，為了避免與主要客戶產生策略上衝突，代工廠商之範疇變化須考慮主要客戶之動向與意願。而這種非自主性的代工範疇變化模式，便是本研究主要探討的焦點。因此，本研究主要研究目的有以下幾點：（1）主要客戶對廠商代工範疇變化產生何種影響？（2）哪些因素影響廠商代工範疇變化主動程度？（3）廠商在擴大不同的代工範疇時，所需具備的能力是否有差異？　　主要客戶對代工廠商範疇變化之影響，過去在相關文獻中並不多見，因此，本研究乃結合個案與一般統計分析，期能對相關主題有更深入之瞭解。在個案研究上，本文選擇了五家具代表性的代工廠商，探討主要客戶對其代工範疇之影響。接著利用問卷方式，取得140份新增代工活動之樣本作為分析基礎。　　透過個案與實證結果發現，主要客戶經營範疇之深度與廣度，相對影響代工廠商成長機會與空間，而許多廠商代工範疇變化是跟隨著主要客戶之發展。從個案之整理，本研究歸納出六種不同的代工範疇變化方式：（1）代工廠商驅動、（2）主要客戶驅動、（3）雙方相互調整方式、（4）現有領域深化、（5）主要客戶抽回、以及（6）廠商能力衰退而喪失，此六種方式是台灣代工廠商代工範疇變化可能之方式。　　其次，在影響代工範疇變化主動程度之因素上，從文獻與個案之分析整理，本研究推導出七個影響代工範疇變化主動程度之變數，在代工廠商因素上，包括：代工廠商整體能力、追隨客戶傾向及資源關連性；在合作情境上，包括：策略目標相容性、社會資本與資源依賴等三大變數；而在產業因素上則有同業的競爭程度。經過實證分析之結果，最後支持了前面五個假設。包括：當代工廠商整體能力越強、追隨客戶傾向越高、新活動資源關連性越大，雙方社會資本及策略目標相容性越高的情況下，代工廠商會較有可能以主動的方式跨入新代工活動。　　最後，代工廠商經營範疇試著往價值活動上游或下游發展時，所需具備的能力也有明顯差異。往上游（研發與製造）發展在研發與財務能力上必須較強、往下游（全球運籌與售後服務）發展，則除了研發與財務能力外，尚須具備採購、製造與國際化等較多元的能力。此一結果意謂著，隨著近年來全球之競爭，廠商競爭優勢之基礎不能僅靠單一能力，而須培養多元且動態之能力。其次，過去研究認為，代工廠商朝研發與銷售活動發展是兩種不同的模式，不過從本研究發現，代工廠商欲進入銷售活動時，必須有研發與製造能力（上游活動優勢）為基礎。亦即，在代工合作情境中，往上游或往下游發展不是截然不同的模式，而是有階段性。　　本研究最主要的論點，認為台灣代工廠商在資源與能力相對較不足，須透過代工合作方式，與主要客戶建立緊密合作關係，換取相關資源。因此，在客觀的代工環境限制下，代工廠商之成長與範疇演變，有很多是跟隨主要客戶之成長而調整。因此，在分析代工廠商之策略行為時，外部網絡中主要客戶之動向，將影響著代工廠商之策略行動與資源佈局。
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Description:	博士國立政治大學企業管理研究所 87355505 91
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Appears in Collections:	[Department of Business Administation] Theses

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社群 sharing

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