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    题名: 環境安全與國際建制－氣候安全建制之探討
    作者: 蔣欣如
    Chiang,Hsin-ju
    贡献者: 姜家雄
    Chiang,Alex
    蔣欣如
    Chiang,Hsin-ju
    关键词: 環境安全
    氣候變遷
    氣候安全建制
    京都議定書
    制度議價途徑
    知識社群模式
    日期: 2004
    上传时间: 2009-09-14 10:10:38 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　「安全」問題一直是國家不斷追求的利益，但相較於傳統安全問題，更多新的安全議題已浮上檯面。在新興的眾多非傳統安全議題之中，環境安全（Environmental Security）是相當重要的面向，乃由於環境的改變、破壞、退化，形成人類經濟活動、國家安全、國際和平的隱憂。面對如此的潛在危機，國際社會目前普遍已經體認到環境安全的重要性，也逐漸傾向尋求另一種不同於軍事武力的解決方案，有意願合作建立共同規範準則以面對問題，因而促成環境安全建制的成形。
    　　本論文以「氣候變遷」議題做為環境問題的代表，回顧自1972年以來，以國家為主要行為者的全球多邊環境協定，探討氣候安全的特點及氣候建制的限制。同時採用「知識社群模式」與「制度議價途徑」的論點解釋環境建制的成因，前者影響國際社會對環境問題的共識、原則建立；後者則影響國家參與共同建制與制定、執行規範的意願。
    　　雖然全球氣候治理的《京都議定書》已正式上路，氣候相關建制也都注重平等、公正、效率、補償等原則，力求使國際社會每個國家立足平等並有足夠的能力解決問題，但因為國家最終考量仍是自身利益，國際社會各行為者所重視的是平等而不損及利益的制度安排。所以，要建立有效的環境安全建制，首先要解決環境安全與經濟發展互相矛盾的困境，其次要調和國際社會成員的利益問題，需要各國共同努力，才能真正使環境建制的功能發揮到最大。
    參考文獻: 一、 中文部分
    （一） 專書
    李文蓉譯。《寂靜的春天》。臺北：大中國，1985年。
    蕭晨陽等譯。《環境與社會—環境問題中的人文視野》(Environmental and Society: Human Perspectives on Environmental Issues)。天津：天津人民出版社，1998年。
    （二） 期刊論文
    吳義雄。〈永續發展－談環保〉。國政研究報告。臺北：財團法人國家研究政策基金會，2002年10月30日。（http://www.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/SD/091/SD-B-091-032.htm）
    李河清。〈環境外交與氣候議題談判——以京都議定書為例〉。《國家政策論壇》，第一卷第九期。臺北：財團法人國家研究政策基金會，2001年11月。（http://www.npf.org.tw/monthly/00109/theme-014.htm）
    李河清。〈永續發展的國際關係面向：全球環境治理〉。《全球變遷通訊》，第38期，2003年6月。（http://www.gcc.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/Publication/gcrc-circulation/38-4.pdf）
    李河清。〈知識社群與全球氣候談判〉。《問題與研究》，第43卷第6期。臺北：政治大學國際關係研究中心，2004年11-12月，頁73-102。
    袁鶴齡。〈氣候變遷與全球治理：京都議定書的未來與挑戰〉。《和平論壇》，2005年3月25日。（http://www.peaceforum.org.tw/onweb.jsp?webcd=3333333373&webitem_no=1216）
    郭博堯。〈防範疫情昇溫，因應全球氣候變遷〉。國政研究報告。臺北：財團法人國家研究政策基金會，2001年11月22日。（http://www.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/SD/090/SD-C-090-145.htm）
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    Sawin, Janet L. “Global Warming`s Impacts Evident Worldwide.” World Watch 18 ( March/April 2005): 15.
    Sprinz, Detlef, and Tapani Vaahtoranta, “The Interest-Based Explanation of International Environmental Policy.” International Organization 48 (Winter 1994): 77-105.
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    （三） 碩博士畢業論文
    陳佳成，〈國際體制形成之探討：以京都議定書為例〉，碩士論文，東海大學政治學研究所，民國90年6月。
    二、 英文部分
    （一） 專書
    Brown, Lester R. Building a Sustainable Society. New York: W.W. Norton, 1982.
    Brown, Ster R., ed. The World Watch Reader. New York: W.W. Norton, 1998.
    Carraro, Carlo, ed. Efficiency and Equity of Climate Change Policy. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic, 2000.
    Chasek, Pamela S. The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century: Prospects for International Cooperation. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2000.
    Choucri, Nazli, ed. Global Accord: Environmental Challenges and International Responses. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993.
    Deudney, Daniel, and Richard Anthony Matthew, eds. Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1999.
    Diehl, Paul F., and Nils Petter Gleditsch, eds. Environmental Conflict. Boulder: Westview, 2001.
    Evans, P. B., D. Rueschmeyer, and T. Skocpos, eds. Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
    Fankhauser, Samuel. Valuing Climate Change. London: Earthscan, 1995.
    Gupta, Joyeeta. The Climate Change Convention and Developing Countries from Conflict to Consensus? Hague: Kluwer Academic, 1997.
    Haas, Ernst B. Beyond the Nation-State: Functionalism and International Organization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964.
    Haas, Peter M., Robert O. Keohane, and Marc A. Levy, eds. Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection. London: MIT Press, 1993.
    Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer, and Volker Rittberger. Theories of International Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
    Hastings, Tom H. Ecology of War and Peace: Counting Costs of Conflict. Lanham: University Press of America, 2000.
    Hoffman, Andrew J., ed. Global Climate Change. San Francisco: New Lexington, 1998.
    Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. Environment, Scarcity and Violence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
    Johnston, R. J. Environmental Problems: Nature, Society, Economy. London: Printer, 1989.
    Kegley, Charles W. Jr., and Eugene R. Wittkopf, eds. The Global Agenda: Issues and Perspectives, 5th ed. New York: Mcgraw Hill, 1998.
    Keohane, Robert O. International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989.
    Kindleberger, Charles P. The World in Depression 1929-1939. London: Allen Lane, Penguin, 1973.
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    Krasner, Stephen D., ed. International Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.
    Lonergan, S. C., ed. Environmental Change, Adaptation, and Security. Hague: Kluwer Academic, 1999.
    Michaelowa, Axel, and Michael Dutschke eds. Climate Policy and Development: Flexible Instruments and Developing Countries. Gheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2000.
    Miller, G. Tyler. Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions. CA: Pacific Grove, 2004.
    Mitrany, David, The Functional Theory of Politics. London: London School of Economics and Political Science, 1975.
    Myers, Norman. Ultimate Security: the Environmental Basis of Political Stability. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993.
    Nye, Joseph S. Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization. Boston: Little Brown, 1971.
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    （二） 期刊論文
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    Klare, Michale T. “The New Geography of Conflict.” Foreign Affairs 80 (May/June 2001): 49-61.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    91253006
    93
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912530061
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[外交學系] 學位論文

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