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| Title: | 製茶產業中的族群關係與性別角色：泰北美斯樂鄉的生命史研究
Ethnic Groups and Gender Roles Under the Development of the Local Tea Industry: A Life Story Study of Doi Mae Salong in Northern Thailand |
| Authors: | 李盈萱
Lee, Ying-Hsuan |
| Contributors: | 吳考甯
Courtney Work
李盈萱
Lee, Ying-Hsuan |
| Keywords: | 茶產業
阿卡族
性別勞動
族群關係
公共人類學
Tea industry
Akha
Gendered labor
Ethnic relations
Public Anthropology |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-09-01 17:04:36 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究以泰國北部清萊省美斯樂鄉的製茶產業為田野場域，結合生命史訪談與參與式觀察，探討族群與性別如何在地區發展過程中被形塑與再生產。美斯樂為一多族群聚落，主要由雲南裔漢人與阿卡族等構成，當地經濟歷經由傳統輪耕與罌粟種植，逐步轉型為茶業與觀光導向的產業結構。
研究發現，儘管漢人社群多掌握土地與資源，阿卡族勞動者，特別是女性，則多從事茶葉採收、包裝與銷售等基層工作，長期處於「可見卻無聲」的邊緣位置。然而，其中的「族群與性別」並非靜態的身份標籤，而透過土地權益、勞動型態、語言能力、教育資源等條件交織互動，動態生成與轉變。在這樣的交織結構中，資源分配、社會位置與文化認同彼此纏繞，共同構成地方產業的樣貌與權力關係。
本研究運用生命史方法，重視敘事的情境與受訪者的主體能動性，呈現不同族群與性別背景的行動者，如何在農業轉型與發展壓力下展現生活智慧與策略性應對，並挑戰主流發展話語中被遮蔽的結構性不平等。本文進一步指出：製茶產業並非單純的經濟行動，而是國家政策、資本邏輯與在地倫理交織下的社會實踐空間。其中，「在地倫理」涵括地方群體在長期生活與互動中累積的價值判準與行動規範，如土地共享、語言混用、性別互補與互助勞動等，這些未被主流發展治理納入的實踐方式，正是多元群體在張力中共構發展、協商關係與共同塑造地方未來的關鍵。
最終，本文回應公共人類學的使命，主張發展不應僅由自上而下的規劃邏輯主導，而應納入地方知識、無聲勞動與多元世界觀的價值。唯有透過與在地群體建立信任、對話與共構的關係，才能真正理解那些身處邊陲的行動者，如何在重重限制中，以自己的方式參與並重塑地方發展的可能性。
This thesis examines the intersections of ethnicity, gender, and labor within the tea industry of Doi Mae Salong, a multi-ethnic settlement in Chiang Rai, Northern Thailand. Drawing on life story interviews and participant observation, the research explores how local development processes shape and reproduce social hierarchies, especially between Yunnanese Han Chinese and Akha communities. Once sustained by swidden agriculture and opium cultivation, the region has transitioned toward tea production and tourism, creating new configurations of work, identity, and belonging.
While Han Chinese actors often control land, processing factories, and marketing channels, Akha laborers, especially women, are concentrated in lower-tier tasks such as tea-picking, packaging, and retail sales. Their roles, although highly visible, remain socially undervalued and structurally constrained. However, ethnicity and gender are not fixed identities; they emerge through interlocking conditions—language fluency, access to education, land rights, and labor regimes—that shape one’s capacity to participate in development. Within these entanglements, power relations, cultural recognition, and livelihood strategies become co-produced.
Using a life story approach, this research centers the narrative agency of local actors, tracing how individuals navigate economic pressures and social expectations with creativity and resilience. Through intergenerational stories of Han Chinese and Akha women and men, the study argues that the tea industry is not merely an economic domain, but a socially embedded space where national policies, capital logics, and local moralities intersect. Local ethics, such as shared labor, gender complementarity, linguistic pluralism, and collective land use, are not peripheral traditions but key drivers of pluralistic development.
Ultimately, this thesis aligns with the aims of public anthropology by advocating for development models that recognize the agency, knowledge, and labor of marginalized actors. Development must be approached not as a universal blueprint but as a situated, co-constructed practice. It is through relationships of dialogue and engagement that we can understand how those on the margins shape the futures they inhabit, often challenging, reworking, or refusing dominant paradigms. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
民族學系
109259001 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109259001 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [民族學系] 學位論文
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