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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99829

Title:	邊沁的最大幸福原則：其理論內涵及應用 Jeremy Bentham’s Greatest Happiness Principle: Its Theory and Application
Authors:	吳文和
Contributors:	陳建綱吳文和
Keywords:	最大幸福原則邊沁效益主義多元成家同性婚姻同志少數羅爾斯彌爾康德諾奇克 Greatest Happiness Principle Jeremy Bentham Utilitarianism Pluralistic Family Same-sex marriage LGBT minorities John Rawls John Stuart Mill Immanuel Kant Robert Nozick
Date:	2016
Issue Date:	2016-08-09 11:56:50 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	邊沁和效益主義主張「最大多數的最大幸福」，這樣的主張引起了擔憂，如羅爾斯擔憂是否會對少數者有不合理的要求。由於羅爾斯著作的深遠影響，本文試圖重新反思這些對邊沁和效益主義的批判。本文回到邊沁的著作，依據邊沁的理論前提和內涵，進而回應羅爾斯與諾奇克等對邊沁思想之疑問，並說明邊沁的最大幸福原則與康德批評的幸福原則之不同。批評者時常過度簡化了邊沁的思想，這不僅是對邊沁人性觀的片面解讀，也有違邊沁講求「證據」的經驗主義知識論。呼應諾貝爾經濟學獎得主康納曼所提出的「回到邊沁」之主張，本文的結論是「經驗效益的理性計算」、「依賴經驗的假設檢定」和「外力的法律制裁」只是用來協助道德，最大幸福原則的主要道德動力來源是人自身同情共感地不想讓她/他/牠者受苦，此與羅爾斯的互惠式正義理論不同；同時，效益必須以客觀經驗證據為基礎，最大幸福原則不只不會對少數者有不合理之要求，還主張為少數者爭取合理之「公民與法律權利」。此外，本文承繼邊沁將理論應用於社會改革之精神，效仿邊沁生前曾為英國性少數發聲和對婚姻改革之努力，將最大幸福原則應用於我國伴侶盟提出的多元成家草案。本文的觀點是，最大幸福原則能突破目前人權理論遭遇之各說各話的困境，不只為多元成家草案提供一個雙方均能接受之原則，最大幸福原則也足以作為個人道德生活和公共立法的指引。
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學政治學系 101252007
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012520071
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Political Science] Theses

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