政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/98525
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文筆數/總筆數 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造訪人次 : 50967783      線上人數 : 931
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜尋範圍 查詢小技巧：
  • 您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號"，以獲取較精準的檢索結果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜尋，建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位，可獲得較完整資料
    •  進階搜尋


    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/98525


    題名: 華語幼兒音節縮減研究
    A Study of Syllable Deletion in Mandarin Acquisition
    作者: 林欣瑩
    Lin, Shin Ying
    貢獻者: 萬依萍
    Wan, I Ping
    林欣瑩
    Lin, Shin Ying
    關鍵詞: 音節縮減
    音節習得
    音節縮減模式
    頻率
    台灣華語
    syllable deletion
    syllable acquisition
    deletion pattern
    frequency
    Taiwan Mandarin
    日期: 2016
    上傳時間: 2016-07-01 14:51:50 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本篇論文是針對以台灣華語為母語之幼兒，採長期觀察與收錄自發性語料之方式，研究台灣華語幼兒音節習得與音節縮減(syllable deletion)，並詳加描述單音節、雙音節和多音節之中音節類型出現的頻率、音節縮減模式，以及幼兒與母親的音節比較。本研究同時以Jakobson (1968)的音節標記理論與頻率使用理論來檢驗幼兒的音節表現。
    本研究觀察四位年齡在十個月至兩歲六個月的幼兒，以及四位幼兒的照顧者(母親)的語料。以兩個星期一次的頻率收集幼兒和母親之間的自然對話，並利用錄製回來的影音檔做譯寫分析。
    研究結果顯示幼兒的音節習得的表現是有規則可循的，在所有音節產出以及音節縮減的模式中，無標記音節類型CV的頻率最高；在幼兒初階的語言產製中，越是無標記的音節類型，發生頻率則會越高。另一方面，幼兒在早期的音節表現中容易產生音節縮減的模式，常使用韻尾省略(coda-dropping)的方式產出詞彙，以省略韻尾介音[w]和韻尾鼻音為主。此外，為了檢驗每一幼兒與其照顧者的音節類型之間有無影響，透過統計分析，研究結果顯示幼兒與母親的音節類型比較呈現正相關，亦即幼兒的音韻產出或許會受到音韻環境的影響，進而產生與語言環境(母親語言)相似的音節類型與模式。
    The aim of this study is to discuss the issue concerning syllable deletion of the young children acquiring Taiwan Mandarin. The two main aspects are including in the following: syllable acquisition and syllable deletion pattern. The frequency of overall syllable types, the patterns of syllable deletion, and the syllable relationship between children and caretakers were examined. The findings can be explained by markedness theory proposed by Jakobson (1968) and frequency effects.
    The four children, aged between 0;10 to 2;6, and the four caretakers are investigated in this study. The spontaneous speech between the child and the mother every other week was recorded and analyzed. A longitudinal observation study is conducted by the researcher and the research team.
    Based on the analyses, the young children show a general syllable tendency; that is, the unmarked syllable type, CV, has the highest frequency in the analyses of overall syllable types and syllable deletion types respectively. The more unmarked syllable types occur more frequently in the children’s early production. Since the young children’s phonological systems are unstable and immature, they tend to produce the reduced syllable forms, especially the deletion of the postnuclear glide [w] and the deletion of the final nasal. The possible reason may due to the fact that the children use coda-dropping as a simplification strategy in their production. Furthermore, according to statistical findings, the syllable types of the four child-caretaker pairs are positively correlated. Young children’s phonological productions may be influenced by the overall productivity and the phonetic content of the ambient language.
    參考文獻: References
    Albin, D. D., & Echols, C. H. (1996). Stressed and word-final syllables in infant-directed speech. Infant Behavior and Development, 19(4), 401-418.
    Allen, G. D., & Hawkins, S. (1980). Phonological rhythm: Definition and development. Child phonology, 1, 227-256.
    Bao, Z. (1996). The syllable in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 24(2), 312-353.
    Bao, Z. (1990). Fanqie languages and reduplication. Linguistic Inquiry, 317-350.
    Bernhardt, B. H., & Stemberger, J. P. (1998). Handbook of phonological development from the perspective of constraint-based nonlinear phonology. Academic press.
    Burchfield, L. A., & Bradlow, A. R. (2014). Syllabic reduction in Mandarin and English speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135(6), EL270-EL276.
    Carter, A. K., & Gerken, L. (2003). Similarities in weak syllable omissions between children with specific language impairment and normally developing language: a preliminary report. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36(2), 165-179.
    Carter, A., & Gerken, L. (2004). Do children`s omissions leave traces?. Journal of child language, 31(03), 561-586.
    Cheng, C. C. (1973). A synchronic phonology of Mandarin Chinese (Vol. 4). Walter de Gruyter.
    Cheng, C., & Xu, Y. (2009). Extreme reductions: contraction of disyllables into monosyllables in taiwan Mandarin. In INTERSPEECH (pp. 456-459).
    Chen, L. M., & Kent, R. D. (2005). Consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns in Mandarin-learning infants. Journal of Child Language, 32(03), 507-534.
    Chen, L. M., & Kent, R. D. (2010). Segmental production in Mandarin-learning infants. Journal of child language, 37(02), 341-371.
    Chiang, W.Y. (1992). The prosodic morphology and phonology of affixation in Taiwanese and other Chinese languages. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Delaware.
    Chien, Y. F. (2011). Postnuclear Glides and Coda Nasals in Taiwan Mandarin: Evidence from Experimental Elicitation of Speech Errors. WECOL 2010, 20.
    Davis, B. L., & MacNeilage, P. F. (1990). Acquisition of Correct Vowel ProductionA Quantitative Case Study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 33(1), 16-27.
    De Boysson-Bardies, B. (1993). Ontogeny of language-specific syllabic productions (pp. 353-363). Springer Netherlands.
    De Boysson-Bardies, B., & Vihman, M. M. (1991). Adaptation to language: Evidence from babbling and first words in four languages. Language, 297-319.
    Demuth, K. (1995). Markedness and the development of prosodic structure. In J. Beckman (Ed.), Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society, 25. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, Graduate Linguistics Student Association.
    Demuth, K. (2001). Prosodic constraints on morphological development.Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, 24, 3-22.
    Demuth, K., & Johnson, M. (2003). Truncation to subminimal words in early French. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 48, 211-241.
    Dodd, B., Holm, A., Hua, Z., & Crosbie, S. (2003). Phonological development: a normative study of British English‐speaking children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 17(8), 617-643.
    Duanmu, S. (1990). A formal study of syllable, tone, stress and domain in Chinese languages. Ph.D. dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Duanmu, S. (2000). The phonology of standard Mandarin. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    Duanmu, S. (2007). The phonology of standard Chinese. Oxford, England; Oxford University Press.
    Duanmu, S., Kim, H. Y., & Stiennon, N. (2005). Stress and syllable structure in English: Approaches to phonological variations. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics,3(2), 45-77.
    Echols, C. H. (1993). A perceptually-based model of children`s earliest productions. Cognition, 46(3), 245-296.
    Echols, C. H., & Newport, E. L. (1992). The role of stress and position in determining first words. Language acquisition, 2(3), 189-220.
    Fee, J., & Ingram, D. (1982). Reduplication as a strategy of phonological development. Journal of Child Language, 9(01), 41-54.
    Fenson, L., Marchman, V., Thal, D., Dale, P., Reznick, S. & Bates, E. (2007). MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories : user’s guide and technical manual, 2nd edn. Baltimore : Paul H. Brookes.
    Ferguson, C. A., & Farwell, C. B. (1975). Words and sounds in early language acquisition. Language, 419-439.
    Fromkin, V. A. (1971). The non-anomalous nature of anomalous utterances. Language, 27-52.
    Gerken, L. (1994). A metrical template account of children`s weak syllable omissions from multisyllabic words. Journal of child language, 21(03), 565-584.
    Hilton, N. H., Schüppert, A., & Gooskens, C. (2011). Syllable reduction and articulation rates in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 34(02), 215-237.
    Ingram, D. (1974). Phonological rules in young children. Journal of child language, 1(01), 49-64.
    Ingram, D. (1978). The role of the syllable in phonological development. In A. Bell and J. Hooper (eds.), Syllables and Segments. New York, NY: Elsevier-North
    Holland press.
    Ingram, D. (1989). First language acquisition: Method, description and explanation. Cambridge University Press.
    Jakobson, R. (1968). Child language: aphasia and phonological universals (No. 72). Walter de Gruyter.
    James, D., van Doorn, J., & McLeod, S. (2007). Does the number of syllables in words affect weak syllable deletion in typically developing children aged 3 to 7 years speaking Australian English. In World congress of the International Association of Logopedia and Phoniatrics, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Kehoe, M. M., & Stoel-Gammon, C. (2001). Development of syllable structure in English-speaking children with particular reference to rhymes. Journal of child language, 28(02), 393-432.
    Levelt, C. C., Schiller, N. O., & Levelt, W. J. (2000). The acquisition of syllable types. Language acquisition, 8(3), 237-264.
    Levitt, A. G., & Aydelott Utman, J. G. (1992). From babbling towards the sound systems of English and French: A longitudinal two-case study. Journal of child language, 19(01), 19-49.
    Lewedag, V. L., Oller, D. K. & Lynch, M. P. (1994). Infants’ vocalization patterns across home and laboratory environments. First Language 14, 1(40), 49–65.
    Lin, Y. H. (1989). Autosegmental treatment of segmental processes in Chinese phonology. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Texas at Austin.
    Lin, Y. H. (2007). The Sounds of Chinese. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Lleó, C. (2000). The interface of phonology and morphology: the emergence of the article in the early acquisition of Spanish and German. Approaches to Bootstrapping: Phonological, Syntactic and Neurophysiological Aspects of Early language Acquisition, 2, 23-44.
    Lleó, C., & Prinz, M. (1996). Consonant clusters in child phonology and the directionality of syllable structure assignment. Journal of child language, 23(01), 31-56.
    Macken, M. A. (1978). Permitted complexity in phonological development: One child`s acquisition of Spanish consonants. Lingua, 44(2), 219-253.
    Macken, M. A. (1992). Where’s phonology. Phonological development: Models, research, implications, 249-269.
    MacNeilage, P. F., & Davis, B. L. (1993). Motor explanations of babbling and early speech patterns. In Developmental neurocognition: Speech and face processing in the first year of life (pp. 341-352). Springer Netherlands.
    Macrae, T. (2013). Lexical and child-related factors in word variability and accuracy in infants. Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 27(6-7), 497-507.
    Matthei, E. H. (1989). Crossing boundaries: More evidence for phonological constraints on early multi-word utterances. Journal of child language, 16(01), 41-54.
    McCarthy, J. & A. Prince. (1993). The Emergence of the unmarked optimality in prosodic morphology. Paper presented at NELS 26, UMass, Amherst.
    Menn, L. (1983). Development of articulatory, phonetic, and phonological capabilities. Language production, 2, 3-50.
    Menn, L., & Stoel-Gammon, C. (2009). Phonological development. In J. B. Gleason. and N. B. Ratner (eds.), The Development of Language. Boston, Ma: Pearson Press.58-103.
    Ota, M. (2003). The Development of Prosodic Structure in Early Words. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.
    Ota, M. (2006). Input frequency and word truncation in child Japanese: Structural and lexical effects. Language and Speech, 49(2), 261-294.
    Pater, J. (1997). Minimal violation and phonological development. Language Acquisition, 6(3), 201-253.
    Prieto, P. (2006). The relevance of metrical information in early prosodic word acquisition: A comparison of Catalan and Spanish. Language and speech,49(2), 231-258.
    Prieto, P., Bosch-Baliarda, M., & Saceda-Ulloa, M. (2005). The development of codas in Catalan and Spanish: frequency effects in specific contexts. In Xth international congress for the study of child language. 25-29.
    Roark, B., & Demuth, K. (2000). Prosodic constraints and the learner’s environment: A corpus study. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (Vol. 2, pp. 597-608). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
    Rose, Y. (2000). Headedness and prosodic licensing in the L1 acquisition of phonology. Ph.D. dissertation. McGill University, Montréal
    Rose, Y., & Inkelas, S. (2011). The interpretation of phonological patterns in first language acquisition. The Blackwell companion to phonology, 2414, 2438.
    Saceda-Ulloa, M. (2005). Adquisición prosódica en español peninsular: La sílaba y la palabra prosódica. M.A. Thesis. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
    So, L. K., & Dodd, B. J. (1995). The acquisition of phonology by Cantonese-speaking children. Journal of child language, 22(03), 473-495.
    Sosa, A. V., & Stoel-Gammon, C. (2012). Lexical and phonological effects in early word production. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,55(2), 596-608.
    Spencer, A. (1996). Phonology. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
    Stark, R. E. (1980). Stages of speech development in the first year of life. Child phonology, 1, 73-90.
    Stemberger, J. P. (1983). Speech errors and theoretical phonology: A review. Indiana University Linguistics Club.
    Stites, J., Demuth, K., & Kirk, C. (2004). Markedness vs. frequency effects in coda acquisition. In Proceedings of the 28th annual Boston University conference on language development (pp. 565-576).
    Stoel-Gammon, C. (1998). Sounds and words in early language acquisition: The relationship between lexical and phonological development. Exploring the speech-language connection, 8, 25-52.
    Stoel-Gammon, C. (2011). Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children. Journal of child language, 38(01), 1-34.
    Tsay, J. (2007). Markedness and Frequency in Phonological Development: A Corpus-based Study. International Workshop on Grammar and Evidence. Symposium conducted at the meeting of National Chung Cheng University College of Humanities, Room 155.
    Tse, A.C.Y. (1991). The acquisition process of Cantonese phonology: A case study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hong Kong.
    Vihman, M. M., & McCune, L. (1994). When is a word a word?. Journal of child language, 21(03), 517-542.
    Wan, I. P. (1999). Mandarin Phonology: evidence from speech errors. Ph.D. dissertation. SUNY-Buffalo.
    Wan, I. P. (2002). The status of prenuclear glides in Mandarin syllables: Evidence from psycholinguistics and experimental acoustics. Chinese Phonology 11, special issue. 141-162.
    Wan, I. P., & Jaeger, J. J. (2003). The phonological representation of Taiwan Mandarin vowels: A psycholinguistic study. Journal of East Asian Linguistics,12(3), 205-257.
    Wan, I. P. (2006). A psycholinguistic study of postnuclear glides and coda nasals in Mandarin. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 5(2), 158-176.
    Wang, H. S., & Chang, C. L. (2001). On the status of the prenucleus glide in Mandarin Chinese. Language and Linguistics, 2(2), 243-260.
    Wang, H. Y. (2014). Phonological variability in word production in Taiwan Mandarin. Unpublished master`s thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei.
    Wang, Z. (1996). Features as phonological primitives: evidence from Beijing Mandarin. In 70th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, San Diego.
    Wijnen, F., Krikhaar, E., & Den Os, E. (1994). The (non) realization of unstressed elements in children`s utterances: Evidence for a rhythmic constraint. Journal of child language, 21(01), 59-83.
    Yip, M. (2002). Tone. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    Zamuner, T. S., Gerken, L., & Hammond, M. (2005). The acquisition of phonology based on input: A closer look at the relation of cross-linguistic and child language data. Lingua, 115(10), 1403-1426.
    Zhu, H. & B. J. Dodd (2000). The phonological acquisition of Putonghua (Modern Standard Chinese). Journal of Child Language, 27, 3-42.
    蔡素娟（民95）。語料庫為本的閩南語兒童韻律習得研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告（編號：NSC 95-2411-H-194-022-MY3），未出版。
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    語言學研究所
    102555006
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555006
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[語言學研究所] 學位論文

    文件中的檔案:

    檔案 大小格式瀏覽次數
    500601.pdf1274KbAdobe PDF2149檢視/開啟


    在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回饋