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Title:	美國對哥倫比亞的反毒外交－以哥倫比亞計畫為例 U.S. war on drugs in Colombia-the analysis of Plan Colombia
Authors:	魏佐安
Contributors:	鄧中堅魏佐安
Keywords:	哥倫比亞計畫毒品控制美國外交政策哥倫比亞反毒戰爭
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2016-05-09 15:45:52 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	美國把毒品問題解釋成國家安全威脅，這種「安全化」毒品政策的結果就是美國決策者採取強制的外交措施來對抗毒品的威脅。美國的毒品控制方式總是忽略供給與需求的市場關係。而隨著冷戰的結束，美國國防部認為非法毒品已經取代共產主義的挑戰。不論用國家安全、反共或是掃毒戰的名義，美國相信她們有權利和義務去干涉西半球的事物。美國所消費90%的古柯鹼和三分之二的海洛因都是由哥倫比亞生產的，所以美國與哥倫比亞一起合作打擊毒品走私。從1999年後，華盛頓和波哥大透過哥倫比亞計畫來降低毒品生產。雖然這個哥倫比亞計畫是由哥倫比亞政府發起的，但卻由美國主導修正、最後被美國國會接受。因此，哥倫比亞計畫是哥倫比亞的國家政策，同時也是美國的外交政策。 911事件後，華盛頓將「反恐怖主義」這個元素，帶進美國對哥倫比亞計畫的政策當中。這項政策援助哥倫比亞武裝部隊的軍事設備和軍事訓練，而這種援助卻導致了安地斯地區的軍事不平衡。哥倫比亞的鄰國和歐洲國家批評美國軍事支持哥倫比亞計畫，這表示美國加強軍事化來回應毒品問題。由於哥倫比亞國家能力的衰弱，所以政治菁英們歡迎美國干涉哥倫比亞政府無法處理的衝突，好恢復國家的秩序。哥倫比亞統治階級跟美國的反毒和反恐戰爭，只會讓哥倫比亞越來越依賴美國去處理叛亂團體問題。而事實上，美國對哥倫比亞計畫的承諾，遠不只有反毒而已。哥倫比亞計畫是美國維護地緣政治和地區利益的一個工具。
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Larry,“Drug certification requirements and Congressional Modifications in 2001”,Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service；Washington D.C, 2001 Storrs, K. Larry, “Drug Certification/Designation Procedures for Illicit Narcotics Producing and Transit Countries”, Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service；Washington D.C, September 2005 Sullivan, Mark P., “Latin America: Terrorism Issues” , Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS report；Washington D.C, March 11, 2009 Sweig, Julia E. , “What Kind of War for Colombia?”, Foreign Affairs September/October 2002 Tate, Winifred, “U.S. Human Rights Activism and Plan Colombia”, Colombia Internacional, No.69, June 2009 Taylor, Jonathan, “Refuting the Democratization Peace Theory? Internal Conflict and Democracy in Colombia and Peru, 1990-2002”,the Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs, Volume 10, Spring 2007 Testimony of Steven W. Casteel, DEA assistant Administrator for Intelligence, before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, “Narco-Terrorism: International Drug Trafficking and Terrorism - a Dangerous Mix”, May 20, 2003 The Economist ,“The Americas : No recession here; Colombia’s resilient economy” ,Vol. 393, Iss.8653, London ,Oct 17, 2009 Tickner, Arlene B., “Colombia and the United States: From Counternarcotics to Counterterrorism” Current History, Volume 102, Issue 661,February 2003 United Nations Development Programme, “Taking Narcotics Out of the Conflict: The War on Drugs”in Solutions to Escape the Conflict`s Impasse, National Human Development Report 2003 for Colombia United States Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, “International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs: Program and Budget Guide”, FY2002-2008 Urib, Liliana María, “Preliminary Report of the International Observer Mission on Extrajudicial Executions and Impunity in Colombia”, NGO coalition: The International Observer Mission on Extrajudicial Executions and Impunity in Colombia, October 2007 “U.S.-Colombia Relations” Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on International Relations House of Representative, one hundred Tenth congress, First session, April 24, 2007 U.S. Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) 2008, Volume I: drug and chemical control, March 2008 U.S. State Department, “Memorandum of Justification Concerning Human Rights Conditions with Respect to Assistance for the Colombian Armed Forces”, July 28, 2008 Walser, Ray, “Hugo Chávez, Colombia, and the FARC: A Change of Heart?” The Heritage Foundation, WebMemo No. 1956, June 16, 2008 Weiler, Stephen P., “Colombia: Gateway to Defeating Transnational Hell in the Western Hemisphere” Carlisle Barracks, PA, U.S. Army War College, 2004 Wilpert, Gregory, “U.S. Troops in Colombia: A Threat to Peace”, NACLA Report on Americas,Vol.42, Issue 5, September/October 2009 WOLA, “Going to the Source: Results and Prospects for the War on Drugs in the Andes”, Washington Office on Latin America, Policy Brief, 7 June 1991 Veillette, Connie, “Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY2007 Assistance”, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS report；Washington D.C, January 2006 Veillette, Connie “Plan Colombia: A Progress Report” ,Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS report；Washington D.C, June 2005 Youngers, Coletta, “Bush’s Foreign Policy in Latin America: Colombia and U.S. Drug Policy” Foreign Policy in Focus (FPIF), January 25 Zahller, Trina, “Prospects for Peace: The Projected Impact of Plan Colombia”, McNair Scholars Project University of Montana , 2002 Zirnite, Peter, “Militarization of the U.S. Drug Control Program”, Foreign Policy In Focus, Volume 3, Number 27, September 1998 (三) 英文論文 Andrade, Garzon Celso, Has Plan Colombia Ignored Neighboring Countries? (Thesis M.A., Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008) Borda, Sandra P., The internationalization of domestic conflicts: a comparative study of Colombia, El Salvador and Guatemala(Thesis Ph. D, University of Minnesota, May 2009) Fleming, Adam L., Colombia`s Resurrection: Alternative Development is the Key to Democratic Security (Thesis M.A.- Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey CA, September 2004) Giffin, Jessica L., The Effects of the War on Terror on U.S. and Latin American Security Policies(Thesis M.A., the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University, August 2007) Gutierrez, Christian, Colombia at War (MA Thesis, Department of History, Central Connecticut State University, April 2003) Judice, Douglas C., Colombia’s Attempt At Peace: An Analysis Of The Demobilization Of The Auto-defensas Unidas de Colombia(AUC), (Thesis M.A.- Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey CA, March 2007) Kaiser, Daniel R., The regional response to the crisis in Colombia (Thesis M.A.- Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey CA, June 2003) Mattox, Lauren Elizabeth, Violence, drugs, and U.S. foreign assistance(Thesis M.A. -University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2006) McFadyen, James L, The instruments of national power in respect to the United States counterdrug efforts in Colombia(Thesis ,Master of Military Art and Science (MMAS), U.S. Army Command and General Staff College,2004) Mejia, Daniel, Essays on inequality and the political economy of conflict (Thesis Ph. 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Mission to Colombia 8-18 June 2009” http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/C6390E2F247BF1A7C12575D9007732FD?opendocument Uribe, José D. and Hernando Vargas, “Financial Reform, Crisis and Consolidation in Colombia” (paper prepared for the Preparatory Workshop for the Madrid Seminar of the Eurosystem and Latin American Central Banks, March 21–22, 2002), p. 9 http://www.banrep.gov.co/docum/ftp/borra204.pdf U.S. Department of State, “Charting Colombia’s Progress “, March 2008 http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/112084.pdf U.S. Department of State, Embassy of United States in Colombia, “Alternative Development program” http://bogota.usembassy.gov/usaidaltdev.html U.S. Department of State, Embassy of United States in Colombia, “Internally Displaced Program” http://bogota.usembassy.gov/usaidintdisp.html US Department of Defense, Joint Publication 1-02 Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office,04 March 2008),p.127 http://www1.va.gov/emshg/docs/PRC_Dictionary_of_Military_and_Asso_Terms.pdf U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, DEA News: “U.S. Cocaine Market Disrupted, Prices Continue 21-month Surge” December 11, 2008 http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/pr121108.html U.S. G.P.O., Plan Colombi : major successes and new challenges : hearing before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, May 11, 2005,p.21 http://www.internationalrelations.house.gov/archives/109/21204.pdf Vaicius, Ingrid and Adam Isacson, “The "War on Drugs" meets the "War on Terror": the United States’ military involvement in Colombia climbs to the next level”, the Center for International Policy, February 2003, pp.11-12 http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/0302ipr.pdf
Description:	碩士國立政治大學外交學系 95253016
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0952530162
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Diplomacy] Theses

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