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    Title: 南韓自由派政府的北韓政策:從金大中到盧武鉉-新自由主義理論之分析(1998年-2008年)
    Kim, Dae-Jung and Roh, Moo-Hyun Government`s Policy toward North Korea- From the Perspective of Neoliberalism
    Authors: 洪詩涵
    Contributors: 李明
    洪詩涵
    Keywords: 金大中
    盧武鉉
    北韓政策
    新自由主義
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-04-01 11:22:53 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 回顧南韓歷史,自 1948 年建國以來,南韓一直都是保守派執政。在面對國
    家分裂的處境時,保守派政府之施政方向是將北韓視為首要敵人,目的在於併吞
    北韓並且統一朝鮮半島。進入 1970 年代後,隨著美蘇和解、中國與美國關係邁
    向正常化等時代巨變,南韓政府意識到美國支持必然不復以往,必須隨之調整對
    北韓以及對共產國家的對立態度。朴正熙政府透過紅十字會終於開啟與北韓間對
    話協商,盧泰愚推動北方政策,致力與共產國家改善關係,拓展經貿往來。南北
    韓也透過紅十字會會談、總理會談開始交流。雖然兩韓互動逐漸活絡,南韓政府
    仍以併吞北韓、統一韓國為其政策思想。

    1998 年金大中當選總統,他不僅是有史以來第一位自由派的總統就任,也
    代表南韓之北韓政策出現大幅度改變。1990 年德國統一,許多問題與代價逐漸
    浮現。如收入、文化與生活型態的落差。這也使得南韓對於兩韓統一秉持較為實
    際的態度,至少在經濟方面應該先採取漸進式的整合。金大中提出「陽光政策」
    的交往政策路線,對北韓政策上帶來激烈的改變,因為它打破了半世紀以來的南
    韓對北韓的對峙狀態。陽光政策的目標是追求和平共存、緩和兩韓的緊張局勢。
    而繼任的盧武鉉政府則延續金大中的陽光政策,提出「和平與繁榮政策」,在前
    任政府的基礎上深化兩韓交往。兩任政府為期十年的北韓和解政策,扭轉了「對
    抗北韓」的政策方向,其目的皆是希望透過和平、和解與合作來改善南北韓關係,
    具有濃厚的自由主義色彩。

    本論文從新自由主義理論中的「國際制度」與「互賴」的觀點分析金大中與
    盧武鉉政府為期十年的北韓政策。金大中與盧武鉉政府著眼於兩韓共同利益,透
    過兩韓關係制度化以促進溝通與合作、降低軍事緊張;藉由經貿互賴關係之深化
    以增進互信。兩人在任內積極拓展人道、政治、軍事領域的對話;推動金剛山觀
    光、開城工業園區以及京義線鐵路等各項經濟合作計畫;更在 2000 年以及 2007
    推動兩次南北高峰會,促成兩韓領導人的直接會面。自由派政府的北韓政策將兩
    韓關係從保守推向開放、從對立邁向和解。多領域的對話機制增進南北韓的相互
    理解與互信;經濟合作計畫促進兩韓人員交流、加深兩韓經貿互賴關係,在降低
    朝鮮半島緊張情勢、減少兩韓衝突,以及促進兩韓關係的和解與合作方面,皆有
    有正面的影響。
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    (一)專書
    李明,南北韓政經發展與東北亞安全。台北:五南出版公司,1998年。
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    112

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    113

    2期, 2004年7月,頁107-142。
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    (三)專書篇章
    宋學文,「新自由制度主義之過去、現在與未來」,收於包宗和主編,國際關係
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    (四)研討會論文
    石忠山,「當代韓國政黨政治之發展與挑戰」,發表於「瞭解當代韓國民主政治」
    學術研討會(台灣國際研究學會主辦,2010年9月17日)。
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    114

    韓國民主政治」學術研討會(台灣國際研究學會主辦,2010年9月17日)。
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    與國防研討會(台北:臺灣綜合研究院戰略與國際研究所主辦,1999年6
    月)。

    (五)網站資料
    「南北韓統計資料」,南韓統一部,
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    (三)官方出版刊物
    Five Years of the Kim Dae-Jung Administration (Seoul: Ministry of Unification
    Republic of Korea, 2003).
    White paper on Korean Unification 2010 (Seoul: Ministry of Unification,
    Republication of Korea, 2010).
    Peace and Cooperation: White Paper on Korean Unification 1996 (Seoul: Ministry of
    National Unification, Republic of Korea, 1996).
    Peace and prosperity: the White Paper on Korean Unification 2005 (Seoul Ministry
    of Unification, Republication of Korea, 2005).

    (四)網站資料
    “Establishment of Military Trust in South-North Relations,” Ministry of National
    Defense Republic of Korea,
    <http://www.mnd.go.kr/mbshome/mbs/mnd_eng/subview.jsp?id=mnd_eng_0
    20200000000> (December 13, 2013).
    122

    “Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks,” U.S. Department of
    State, http://www.state.gov/p/eap/regional/c15455.htm (2005).
    “North Korean test missile flies over Japan into Pacific,” CNN,
    <http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9808/31/nkorea.missile.02/>
    (August 31, 1998).
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    Korea,
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    Herman, Luke and Jason Kim. “War and Peace in the East Sea: Reducing Tension
    Along the Northern Limit Line ” Pacific Forum CSIS,
    <http://csis.org/program/pacific-forum-csis> (December, 2012).
    Rousseau, David L. “The Perception of Gains from Cooperation in International
    Relations: Comparing Japanese and American Responses,”
    <http://www.albany.edu/~dr967231/papers/Japan2.PDF> (August, 1999).
    The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization,
    <http://www.kedo.org/index.asp> (August, 2013).
    Yun, Sarah, “SAIS U.S.-Korea Yearbook 2009- Kaesong Industrial Complex: Is It
    Changing the DPRK? ,” U.S.-Korea Institute at SAIS,
    http://uskoreainstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/2009_Yearbook_Yun.
    pdf (2009).

    三、韓文部分
    (一)專書
    大韓民國統一部,盧武鉉政府的和平繁榮政策(首爾:大韓民國統一部,2003年)。
    李元炯,韓國外交의戰略 – 盧武鉉政權의國家戰略(首爾:傳英社,2003年)。
    洪淳鎬,韓國國際關係史理論(首爾:大旺社,1993年)。
    이상우,북한정치:신정체제의 진화와 작동원리(서울:나남,2008年)。
    통일부통일연구원,2012통일문제이해(통일부통일연구원,2012年)。
    북한대학원, 경남대학교,남북한 관계론(서울:한울아카데미,2005年)。

    123


    (二)網站資料
    「북한의주요통계지표」,대한민국통계청,<http://kosis.kr/bukhan/> (2014年1
    月6日)。
    「납북자·국군포로문제」,南韓統一部,<http://www.uniedu.go.kr/uniedu/BbsA
    rticleHome.do?articleDTO.bbsCd=NSREL&articleDTO.searchValue=&articl
    eDTO.searchKey=title&cmd=readArticle&curPage=4&articleDTO.atclSn=16
    226> (2010年1月6日)。
    「2013 북한의 주요통계지표」,국가통계포털
    <http://kosis.kr/ups/ups_01List01.jsp?grp_no=1001&pubcode=IF&type=F>
    (2014年1月8日)。
    「제2차 북남인민무력부장급회담이
    끝났다」,조선통신,<http://www.kcna.co.jp/index-k.htm>
    (2007年11月30日)。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    99253013
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992530131
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Diplomacy] Theses

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