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    Title: 注意力訓練在社交焦慮者的改變機制── 以事件相關電位(ERP)為指標探討
    The Intervention Effect of Attentional Training in Social Anxiety Individuals: An ERP Study
    Authors: 馮雅群
    Feng, Ya Chun
    Contributors: 許文耀
    郭柏呈
    Hsu, Wen Yau
    Kuo, Bo Cheng
    馮雅群
    Feng, Ya Chun
    Keywords: 社交焦慮
    注意力訓練
    事件相關電位
    social anxiety
    attentional training
    ERP
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-02-10 14:55:00 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究目的有兩個，第一想要驗證將注意導向中性或是正向訊息的注意力訓練效
    果，再來探討高社交焦慮者在訓練前後與低社交焦慮者注意力歷程之差異，以了解注意力訓練的改變機制，並藉此了解正向訊息所扮演的角色。為了回答這些問題，研究使用39名高社交焦慮者及16名低社交焦慮的大學生，對高社交焦慮的參與者，隨機分組進行訓練(中性訓練組、正向訓練組、中性控制組)，進行一次二十分鐘、每週兩次、一共八次的注意力訓練。在訓練前後，參與者各接受一次焦慮與憂鬱量表、注意力偏誤評估作業，並搭配事件相關電位(ERP) 的測量，來了解注意力訓練的效果及訓練的機制，並在訓練結束三個月後追蹤參與者的焦慮與憂鬱程度，以了解注意力訓練效果的維持狀況，並在訓練前後與低社交焦慮者進行比較。而低社交焦慮者僅填寫問卷及注意力評估作業搭配ERP，沒有進行注意力訓練。研究有幾項主要的發現：(1) 中性與正向訓練組在負向評價恐懼量表分數顯著下降，顯示訓練的有效性，並且由Early Directing Attention Negativity (EDAN) 可知中性與正向訓練組在訓練後的注意力均會遠離威脅臉孔，顯示訓練的效果在於避開威脅訊息。(2) 由臉孔引發之EDAN效果可以了解高、低社交焦慮者在面對中性-正向臉孔配對訊息時，正向臉孔對高社交焦慮者會比低社交焦慮者有較大的注意力引導作用。並且威脅與正向訊息(相對中性)對高社交焦慮者，也有較大的引導作用。顯示高、低社交焦慮者注意力歷程的差異在注意力後期。(3) 由正向評價恐懼量表分數，高社交焦慮者比低社交焦慮者較害怕正向訊息，並ERP資料顯示高社交焦慮者在正向訊息的處理上與威脅訊息相似。在注意力訓練上，正向訓練組的訓練效果來自於遠離威脅訊息，並不是多注意正向訊息，因此並不支持訓練效果在於多注意正向訊息。由第三點的結果支持高社交焦慮者害怕正向評價的看法。研究之貢獻在於提供一個對於社交焦慮的有效中介方式，並且由ERP工具探討注意力訓練的中介機制。
    The aims of this study were two-fold. The first one was to examine the Attentional Training effect of directing attention to neutral or positive information. Also, the present study compared high and low social anxiety individuals’ attention process before and after the training, thereby exploring the training mechanism and the role of positive information in social anxiety individuals. In this study, there were 39 high social anxiety participants and 16 low social anxiety participants. The high social anxiety participants were assigned randomly into neutral training, positive training, and neutral control group; all of them completed eight Attentional Training sessions (twice a week). Before and after the training, participants were asked to complete five questionnaires and attention evaluation tasks with Event-Related Potentials (ERP). The five questionnaires were asked to complete three months after the training as a follow-up. The low social anxiety participants only filled out the five questionnaires and attention evaluation tasks with ERP without any training. The scores were compared with the ones from the high social anxiety participants. Three key findings were revealed after the questionnaires’ scores and ERP analysis. First, after the training, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE) scores were reduced in both neutral and positive training groups. This indicates that Attentional Training is effective. The face-evoked Early Directing Attention Negativity (EDAN) component shows that neutral and positive training groups would avoid threat faces after the training, which demonstrates the training mechanism is to avoid threat information. Second, from the information of face-evoked EDAN component, when neutral-positive face pairs were presented, positive faces are more attentive to the high social anxiety individuals than the low social anxiety individuals. In addition, compared to neutral faces, positive and threat faces were more attentive to high social anxiety individuals. This result reveals that the attention process difference between high and low social anxiety individuals was in the later stage of attention. Lastly, from the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPE) scores, high social anxiety individuals were afraid of positive evaluation more than low social anxiety individuals. From the ERP analysis, the way that high social anxiety individuals process the threat faces resembled the positive faces. Since the training effect is to avoid threat information, not attentive to positive information, there is no prove that social anxiety is due to less attentive to positive information. The third results supports that social anxiety individuals are afraid of positive evaluation. The value of the study is providing an effective intervention to reduce social anxiety, and exploring the intervention mechanism of the Attentional Training by ERP.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    99752021
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099752021
    Data Type: thesis
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