Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59735
|
| Title: | 從東協憲章看東南亞的區域治理
Southeast Asian Regional Governance Under the ASEAN Charter |
| Authors: | 沈時芃
Shen Shi Peng |
| Contributors: | 黃奎博
Kwei Bo Huang
沈時芃
Shen Shi Peng |
| Keywords: | 區域治理
東南亞國協
東協
Regional Governance
ASEAN
ASEAN Charter |
| Date: | 2009 |
| Issue Date: | 2013-09-03 13:45:55 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 東協憲章對於東南亞許多國家而言，代表著東協整合過程中的重要里程碑。自創立的四十一年來，東協終於產生了一部能使其實質成為「植基於規範和人民導向的」法律主體。
該憲章著實制定規範並賦予東協成員國和該組織法律人格，更重要的是，其標誌了「對於基本自由的尊重、人權的保護以及社會正義的提升」等原則。該憲章更呼籲一人權機構的肇建，俾使每一成員國恪遵憲章的規範。
然而，不幸的是，該憲章未能概括針對未遵守憲章原則規範會員國的制裁條款，且對於將賦予人權機構多少權力以制定規範亦懸而未決。而東協會員國遵行已久的「不干涉會員國內政」原則，更使此情況變得更加模糊難明。因此，本文將針對東協憲章及其所建立的區域治理模式進行分析，並探究東南亞國協區域治理下所面臨的矛盾與難題。
整體而言，新憲章中的各種建議、改革嘗試與區域整合方向儘管極具前瞻性；然而，若始終不願意清晰地面對東協區域內的各種實際問題，區域新憲的法律效力與規範能力，將備受質疑；甚至，亦將無助於區域共同體的實質建構。
關鍵詞：區域治理、東南亞國協、東協憲章
It is true that for many in South East Asia, the ASEAN Charter is a milestone. For the first time in its 41-year existence, ASEAN has a constitution which can potentially lead it to be "a rule-based and people-oriented" legal entity.
It even indeed sets out rules for the ASEAN members and gives the organization legal personality. More importantly, it enshrines the principles of "respect for fundamental freedoms, the promotion and protection of human rights and the promotion of social justice". It also calls for the establishment of a human rights body to ensure that every member state adheres to the Charter`s principles.
But, unfortunately the Charter fails to include a provision which would authorize sanctions for any member that does not comply with its rules and principles. And it remains unclear how much power will be granted to the human rights body in enforcing the principles. To make matters even more ambiguous, the Charter validates a long-held ASEAN principle that is the root cause of the organization`s ineptitude in dealing firmly with its members — "non-interference in the internal affairs of ASEAN member states". As a result, the purpose of study is thus to analyze the ASEAN charter and its mode of regional governance, investigating the problems and contradictions of regional governance under the charter.
All in all, though the suggestions, reforms and the orientation of regional integration of the new charter are extremely visionary, if the members are unwilling to face up the substantial problems in ASEAN region, the binding force of the regional new charter will be doubtful and even cannot be conducive to the forming of regional community.
Keywords: Regional Governance, ASEAN, ASEAN Charter |
| Reference: | 中文參考資料
壹、書籍
王玉民，1994，《社會科學研究方法論》，台北：洪葉。
王冠雄，2002，《南海諸島爭端與漁業共同合作》，台北：秀威資訊科技。
王浦劬譯，1992，David Easton 著，《政治生活的系統分析》，台北：桂冠。
沈克勤，2009，《南海諸島主權爭議述評》，台北：台灣學生書局。
宋鎮照，1996，《東協國家之政經發展》，台北：五南圖書。
林正義，1996，《東南亞區域安全體系的研究─理論與實踐》，台北：中央研究院。
林祐聖譯，2005，《治理全球化：權力、權威與全球治理》，台北：韋伯文化。
尚榮安譯，Robert K. Yin 著，2001，《個案研究法》，台北：弘智出版社。
陳欣之，1990，《東南亞安全》，台北：生智。
陳鴻瑜，1987，《南海諸島主權與國際衝突》，台北：幼獅文化事業。
陳鴻瑜，1997，《南海衝突之發現、開發與國際衝突》，台北：國立編譯館。
陳鴻瑜，2001，《東南亞政治論衡（一）、（二）》，台北：翰蘆圖書出版公司。
陳鴻瑜，2006‧《東南亞各國政府與政治》，台北：翰蘆圖書出版公司。
張亞中，2003，《國際關係總論》，台北：揚智文化。
張錫鎮著，李炳南主編，1999，《東南亞政府與政治》，台北：揚智文化。
鄭先武，2009，《安全、合作與共同體》，南京大學出版社。
蕭新煌、顧長永主編，2002《新世紀的東南亞》，台北：五南圖書。
顧長永，1998，《台灣與東南亞的政治經濟關係》，台北：風雲論壇。
貳、期刊論文
王勤，2003，〈湄公河次區域合作的特點與前景〉，《南洋問題研究》，第4 期，發表於2008年臺灣的東南亞年會。
王順文，2003，〈東協區域論壇的再檢視-安全社群？權力政治？〉，《國政研究報告》，財團法人國家政策研究基金會，內政(研)092-002號。
李佩珊、楊昊，2007，〈建構《東協憲章》:是作繭自縛？還是老調重談？〉，《政治學報》，第43期，頁123-173。
吳竹君，2002，〈ASEAN加三動態分析〉，《台灣經濟研究月刊》，第25卷，第7期，頁56。
吳祖田，1998，〈東南亞國家協會組織之發展與回顧〉，《問題與研究》，第37卷，第8期，頁35-48。
宋燕輝，2003，《南海地區安全戰略情勢之發展與現況》，《亞太研究論壇》，第19期，頁18。
林正義，2003，〈十年來南海島嶼聲索國實際作法〉，《亞太研究論壇》，第19期，頁6。
張亞中，2001，〈全球治理：主體與權力的解析〉，《問題與研究》，第40卷，
第4期，頁1-24。
郝培芝，2004，〈歐亞會議形成的結構性動力與意義：從新區域主義的觀點分析〉，《問題與研究》，第43卷，第1期，頁129-32。
孫國祥，2008，〈東協憲章簽署之意義及其對東南亞整合的影響〉，台灣東南亞區域研究年度論文研討會。
俞寬賜，1994，〈南海領土紛爭及其化解途徑之析論〉，中華民國聯合國同志會國際關係研究委員會第七十次學術會議會議論文，6月號。
徐郁芬，2006，《層疊型區域主義在亞太地區的實踐：以自由貿易區的建構為例》，嘉義：中正大學政治所碩士論文，3 月，頁81。
黃奎博，2008，〈東協憲章簽定之後的東南亞衝突管理〉，《戰略安全研析》，第34期。
陳佩修，2004，〈邁向「安全共同體」的建構？論東南國協「安全治理」的機會與限制〉，《全球政治評論》，7月：67-84。
陳揮民，2003，〈後冷戰時期中國大陸與東協發展關係之研究〉，國立東華大學公共行政研究所碩士論文， 7月，頁49-50。
陳鴻瑜，1997，〈東南亞國家協會之發展〉，南投：國立暨南國際大學東南亞研究中心，頁108-133。
陳鴻瑜，2001，〈東南亞安全與預防外交〉，《戰略與國際研究》，第3卷，第1期，頁77。
楊昊，2005，〈東南亞安全治理的理論與實踐〉，《台灣政治學刊》，第9卷，第2期，頁207。
楊昊，2007，〈區域治理的制度邏輯〉，《理路》第1卷，第1期。
楊昊，2008，〈解析微型區域主義的合作迴路：以東部東協成長區為例〉，論文發表於2008年臺灣的東南亞年會。
楊昊，2008，〈新憲章規範下的東協區域主義：回顧與展望〉，《台灣東南亞學刊》，第5卷，第1期，頁155。
趙洪，2002，〈面向21 世紀的瀾滄江-湄公河次區域合作〉，《南洋問題研究》，第4 期，頁6-7。
劉少華，2008，〈論東盟的法律人格〉，《東南亞研究》，第1期，頁8。
劉復國，1998，〈綜合性安全與亞太地區的適用〉，發表於台北：亞太安全概念研究研討會。
叁、網路資料
新加坡貿工部長林勛強2006年6月26日在「東亞經濟整合新階段」研討會之演說。
http://www6.chinesenewsnet.com/MainNews/Topics/cna_2006_06_26_09_01_03_023.html。
中央社，〈東協憲章生效 7年邁向共同體將面臨諸多挑戰〉，2008.12.28，www.cna.com.tw/ShowNews/Detail.aspx?pSearchDate=&pNewsID=200812280205。
中國時報，〈東協憲章的意義〉，2007.11.21，
http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/11889。
法新社，〈東協新憲章，人權問題無共識〉，2007.7.29，
http://www.wretch.cc/blog/trackback.php?blog_id=fsj&article_id=8245586。
台灣戰略研究學會，〈東協組織整合模式，牽動東亞政經局勢〉，2009.2.26，
http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!h.tcOAaBBAUHm9f9PPrOL7SzWY0-/article?mid=42。
英文參考資料
1.Books:
Acharya, Amitav,2000. The Quest for Identity, International Relations of Southeast Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Acharya, Amitav,2000. Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia : ASEAN and the problem of regional order. New York : Routledge.
Agrrarwal, Vinod K. ed, 1998. Institutional Design for a Complex World:Bargaining, Linkages, and Nesting. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Alagappa, Muthiah ed., 2003. Asian Security Order. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Anderson, Benedict, 1998. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Verso
Axelrod, Robert, 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
Bang H., ed., Governance, Governmentality and Democracy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Baviera, Aileen S. P., 1998. Security Challenges of the Philippine Archipelago, Southeast Asian Affiars. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Breslin, Shaun et al.,2002. New Regionalisms in the Global Political Economy. London : Routledge.
Brethereon, C. and Vogler, J., 1999. Europe as a Global Actor. London: Routledge.
Cantori, Louis J. and Spiegal, Steven L., 1970. The International Politics of Regions：A Comparative Approach.Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice Hill.
Chalmers, Malcolm, 1996. Confidence Building in Southeast Asia.U.K.: Westview Press.
Clements, Alan, 1992. Burma: The Next Killing Field. Berkelly: Odonican Press.
Der Derian, J. and Shapiro, M.J .,eds, 1989. International/Intertextual Relations:Postmodern Readings of World Politics. Lexington Books.
Dickens, David,ed.,1997. No Better Alternative: Towards Comprehensive and Cooperative Security in the Asia-Pacific. Wellington: Centre for Strategic Studies.
Drysdale, P. and Vines, D.,eds. Europe, East Asia and APEC. Cambridge University Press.
Evans, Paul M. ed., 1994. Studying Asian Pacific Security: The Future of Research Training and Dialogue Activities. Ontario: University of Toroto- York University.
Fawcett and Hurrel, Andrew .,ed., Regionalism in World Politics: Regionalism Organization and International Ordrer. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Gilpin, Robert, 1994. The Political Economy of International Relations. New Jersey:The Princeton University Press.
Groom, A.J. and Taylor, Paul, 1978. Frameworks for International Cooperation. London: Frances Printer Ltd.
Haas, Ernst B., 1975. The Obsolescence of Regional Integration Theory. Berkeley: University of California.
Hettne, Björn and Söderbaum, Fredrik, Theorising the Rise of Regionness
Hettne, Bjorn and Innotai, Andras., eds., 1999. Globalism and the New Regionalism. Basingstoke : Macmillan
Hettne, Bjorn and Inotai, Andras and Sunkel, OSVALDO.,eds, Globalism and the New Regionlism. New York: Macmillan：St. Martin’s Press, Basingstoke.
Haacke,Jürgen,2003. ASEAN’s Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Hoffmann, Stanley, 1987. Janus and Minerva: Essays in the Theory and Practice of International Politics. Westview Press.
Hogan, Mary , 1995. The Development and Role of ASEAN as a Regional Association .M. Phil. Dissertation, University of Hong Kong.
Jacobson,Harold K.,1984. Networks of Interdependence: International Organization and the Global Political System. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Johnson, John J., 1963. The Role of Military in Underdevelopment Countries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jorgensen-Dahl, Arnfinn,1982. Regional Organization and Order in Southeast Asia. London: Macmillan University Press,.
Keohane, Robert, 1984. After Hegemony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kuznets, Simon, 1966. Modern Economic Growth. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Leifer, Michael, 1989. ASEAN and the Security of South-East Asia. London and New York: Routledge.
Liu, Fu-Kuo and Rognier, Philippe, 2003. Regionalism in East Asia. London: Routledge Curzon.
Mcgrew, Anthony and Brook,Christopher, 1998. Asia Pacific in the New World Order. London: New York: Routledge.
Mitrany, David, 1966. A Working Peace System : An Argument for the Functional Development of International Organization. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
Myrna Australia, S. and Lawrenc, John e V. Avila, 2001. Looking Beyond AFTA: Prospects and Challenges for Inter-Regional Trade. Manila: Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
M, Ariff. et al.,1996. AFTA in the Changing International Economy. Singapore: ISEAS.
Nye, Joseph S., International Regionalism (Boston: Little Brown,1986),pp.4-5
Oye, Kenneth, 1986. Cooperation Under Anarchy. Princeton University Press.
Rey, Alain [dir.], 2000. Dictionnaire historique de la langue française. Paris: Dictionnaires LE ROBERT.
Rosenau, James, 1996. Dynamics of Globalization: Toward an Operational Formulation. Security Dialogue.
Rosenau, James N and Czempiel, Ernest-Otto .,ed, 1992. Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Roycee, Alden T.,2008. Burma in turmoil. New York.
Russett, Bruce M,1967. International Regions and International System: A Study in Political Ecology. Chicago: Rand & Mcnally & Company.
Palmer, Norman D, 1991. The New Regionalism in Asia and the Pacific. Lexington: Lexington Books.
Schulz, Michael, Söderbaum, Fredrik and Öjendal Joakim.,eds.,2001. Regionalization in a Globalizing World. A Comparative Perspective on Forms, Actors and Processes.
Severino, Rodolfo, 2006. Southeast Asia in Search of an ASEAN Community. Insights from the former ASEAN Secretary-General.Singapore.
Silverstein, Joseph.,ed., 1989. Independence Burma at Forty Years. Ithaca: Cornell University, Southeast Asian Program.
Sum, Ngai-Ling , Globalization, Rrgionalization and Cross-Border Regions. Houndsmills: Palgrave.
Than, Mya and Gates, Carolyn L., 2001. ASEAN Enlargement: Impacts and Implications. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
2.Airticle:
Acharya, Amita, 2006. “Constructing Security and Identity in Southeast Asia”, Brown Journal of World Affairs, 7:162-163.
Acharya, A., and R. Stubbs, 2006. “Theorizing Southeast Asian Relations: an introduction”, The Pacific Review, 19(2): 125-134.
Acharya, Amitav, 1997. “Ideas, Identity, and Institution-building: From the ‘ASEAN Way’ to the ‘Asia-Pacific Way’?” The Pacific Review 10 (3): 319-346.
Acharya, Amitav, 1995. “ASEAN and Asia Pacific Multilateralism: Managing Regional Security,” in Amitav Acharya and Richard Stubbs, eds. New Challenges for ASEAN: Emerging Policy Issues. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. 182-202.
Alatas, Ali, 2001. “ASEAN in a Globalizing World,” Asia-Pacific Review 8 (2): 1-9.
Chalmers, Malcolm. 1997. “ASEAN and Confidence Building: Continuity and Change after the Cold War,” Contemporary Security Policy 18 (1): 36-56.
Baldwin E., Richard, 1997. “The Causes of Regionalism,” The World Economy, 20(7):864-865.
Caballero-Anthony,Mely, 1998. “Mechanisms of Dispute Settlement: The ASEAN Experience”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 20(1):58.
Collins, Alan, 2008. “A People-Oriented ASEAN:A Door Ajar or Closed for Civil Society Organization?” Contemporary Southeast Asia 30 (2): 313-331.
Chin, Kin Wah, 2007. “Introduction: ASEAN - Facing the Fifth Decade,” Contemporary Southeast Asia 29 (3): 395-405.
C. Chandra, Alexander, 2006. “Southeast ASian Civil Society and the ASEAN Charter – The Way Forward”, 13-14.
C. Chandra, A., and J. J, Chavez , “Civil Society’s Engagement with ASEAN: An Overview”, in A. C. Chandra and J. J. Chavez, eds., ASEAN @ 40: Civil Society Reflections on Southeast Asian Regionalism, Manila: Southeast Asia Committee for Advocacy (SEACA), pp. 1-17.
Dewi, Anwar Fortuna, 2005. “Indonesia at large. Collected Writings on ASEAN, Foreign Policy, Security and Democratisation”, Jakarta: 20.
Dieter, Heribert, 2009. “Changing Patterns of Regional Governance: From Security to Political Economy? ”, The Pacific Review, 22(1) :73 – 90.
Emmers,Ralf. “The influence of the balance of power factor within the ASEAN regional forum”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 23(2):284-5.
Ferguson, James, 2001. “New Forms of Southeast Asian Regional Governance: From ‘Codes of Conduct’ to ‘Greater East Asia,’” in Andrew Tan and Kenneth Boutin, eds., Non-Traditional Security Issues in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Select Publishing: 122-165.
Fook Weng Loo,Bernard, 2005. “Transforming the Strategic Landscape of Southeast Asia”, Contemporary of Southeast Asia 27( 3):391.
Guyot, James F.,1991.“Myanmar in 1990”, Asian Survey, 31(2):209-211.
Henry, Laurence, 2007. “The ASEAN Way and Community Integration: Two Different Models of Regionalism,” European Law Journal 13 (6): 857–879.
Hopf, Ted, 1998. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security, 23(1):175.
Huang, Kwei-Bo, 2008. “The Role of ASEAN as a Third Party Mediator in the Dispute over the South China Sea,” in Suwit Laohasiriwong and Ming-Chee Ang, eds., Peace Building in Asia Pacific - The Role of Third Parties. Khon Kane, Thailand: Institute for Dispute Resolution, Khon Kane University.
Jones, David Martin, 2008. “Security and Democracy: the ASEAN Charter and the Dilemmas of Regionalism in South-East Asia,” International Affairs 84(4): 735–756.
Jones, David Martin and Michael, L.R. Smith, 2007. “Making Process, Not Progress: ASEAN and the Evolving East Asian Regional Order,” International Security 32 (1): 148–184.
Krugman, Paul, 1999. “The Return of Depression Economics”, Foreign Affairs, 78( 2):60-61.
Katsumata, Hiro, 2009. “ASEAN and human rights: resisting Western pressure or emulating the West?”, the Pacific Review,22(5) :620-621.
Lewis Young, Peter, 1995.“The Potential for Conflict in the South China Sea”, Asian Defence Journal, 26.
Mansfield, Edward D. and Milner, Helen V., 1999. “The New Wave of Regionalism,”International Organization 53 (3): 589–627.
Maung, Maung and Tin,Than, 2009. “Myanmar in 2008”,Southeast Asian Affairs, 201-202.
Melo J. & Panagariy A., 1992. “The New Regionalism”, Finance and Development, Vol., No.4,p.37
Moravcsik, Andrew, 1993. “Preferences and power in the European Community: A liberal intergovernmentalist approach”. Journal of Common Market Studies. 31 (4): 473–524.
Mak, J. N., 1995. “The ASEAN Process Way of Multilateral Cooperation and Cooperative Security: The Road to a Regional Arm Registar?”, Kuala Lumper, 2-3 October ,5.
Mirza, H. “Regionalization , FDI and Poverty Reduction: Lessons from Other ASEAN Countries”. Paper prepared for the DFID workshop on Globalization and Poverty in Vietnam, 23-24 September 2002, in Hanoi.
Park, J., 1995. “The New Regionalism and Third World Development”, Journal of Developing Societies, 11(1):23.
Ramcharan, Robin, 2000. “ASEAN and Non - interference : A Principle Maintained” , Contemporary Southeast Asia , 80.
Shaun, Narine, 1998.“ASEAN and the Management of Regional Security,”Pacific Affairs, 71(2):196.
Suharto, Edi. “Social Protection Systems in ASEAN”, Presented at The 15th Symposium of the International Consortium for Social Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong kong 16-20 July 2007.
Severino, Rodolfo, 2008. “ASEAN New Charter New Optimism”, Regional Outlook, ISEAS, 7.
Söderbaum, Fredrik. “Rethinking the New Regionalism”, paper for the XIII Nordic Science Association Meeting, Aalbog, 15-17 August 2002, pp. 3-13.
Tang, Min and Thant, Myo, 1994. “Growth Triangles: Conceptual Issues and Operational Problems,” Asian Development Bank, 1.
Volkmann, Rabea, 2008.“ Why does ASEAN need a Charter ? Pushing actors and their national interest”. ASIEN : 78-87.
3.On-line Resources
“ASEAN`s Toothless Council”, Wall Street Journal, July 22, 2009
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203517304574303592053848748.html.
“ASEAN Defends Human Rights Body”, Al Jazeera English, July 21, 2009, http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/07/200972121831490591.html.
“ASEAN Human Rights Body Told to Protect Members from Foreign Interference”, Int`l Herald Trib., Nov. 20, 2007,
“ASEAN Workshop Highlights Need for Greater Civil Society Involvement”, Forum-Asia, http://www.forum-asia.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=844&Itemid=42.
Buchanan, James M. and Wagner, Richard E., “Democracy in Deficit: The Political Legacy of Lord Keynes”, http://www.econlib.org.
Chew, Lee Kim. “ASEAN Unity Showing Signs of Fraying”, Straits Times , 23 July 1998.
Cossa , Ralph A. “ASEAN Charter: One (Very) Small Step Forward” ,
http://www.csis.org/index.php?option=com_csis_pubs&task=view&id=4190.
Desker , Barry. “Where the ASEAN Charter Comes Up Short” ,The Straits Times, 18 July 2008.
Human Right Watch, World Report 2008, http://www.hrw.org/legacy/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/burma17601.htm.
Kesavapany, K.“Flashpoint: South China Sea”, Straits Times, April 15, 2009.
Kim Beng, Phar. “Myanmar: ASEAN`s Thorn in the Flesh”, Asia Times Online, Jul. 25, 2003, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/EG25Ae01.html.
Koh, Tommy “Not perfect but Charter is good start on road to regional progress”, The Straits Times, 21 July 2008.
Koh, Tommy.“Response to Barry Desker’s Criticism of ASEAN Charter: Not perfect but Charter is good start on road to regional progress”,The Straits Times, 21 July 2008.
“Myanmar Says Referendum Will Go Ahead in Most Of Country – Update”, Thompson Financial News, May 6, 2008, http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/05/06/afx4973005.html.
“Myanmar Formally Announces Ratification of New Constitution Draft”, People`s Daily Online, May 30, 2008, http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90851/6421254.html.
“New Burma Constitution Published”, BBC News, Apr. 9, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7338815.stm.
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/11/21/asia/AS-GEN-ASEAN-Human-Rights.php.
“Viet Nam wants US Hoang Sa map corrected ”,Foreign Press Center, 15 March 2010,
http://www.presscenter.org.vn/en/content/view/2267/115/ |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
96253017
98 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096253017 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 301701.pdf | 1096Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 724 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
