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    Title: 美國歐巴馬政府核武安全政策之研究: 以新古典現實主義角度進行分析(2009-2012)
    Understanding Obama`s Nuclear Strategy (2009-2012):A Neoclassical Realist Perspective
    Authors: 徐劭昀
    Contributors: 盧業中
    徐劭昀
    Keywords: 歐巴馬
    美國核武政策
    新古典現實主義
    資源汲取模型
    Barack Obama
    U.S. nuclear strategy
    Neoclassical realism
    source-extractive model
    Date: 2012
    Issue Date: 2013-09-02 17:33:34 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 歐巴馬於2009上任時,即開始宣揚「無核武世界」(world nuclear weapons)之理念,呼籲各國在核不擴散與廢除核武方面進行合作,並且積極與俄國洽簽《新戰略武器削減條約》(New START),朝向無核武世界的目標邁進,但在無核武世界此一理想願景的背後,歐巴馬的核武政策依然蘊含了現實主義的思維,本研究試圖結合層次分析與新古典現實主義之資源汲取(source-extractive)概念,檢視歐巴馬政府的核武安全政策、據此理解歐巴馬政府核武政策的形成,以及影響歐巴馬核武政策的關鍵因素。本研究先針對國際層次與非國際層次(參議院、民意、以及歐巴馬個人認知)分析歐巴馬之核武政策,其次將資源汲取模型套用至歐巴馬政府之核武政策實踐,藉此了解歐巴馬核武政策的發展,以及各層次之間的互動對歐巴馬核武政策造成的影響。

    本研究由理論角度分析歐巴馬政府之核武安全政策,由體系層次觀之,冷戰結束之後,美國的安全威脅由原先的蘇聯轉變為多行為者與多層次的威脅,亦使美國傾向拉攏俄國合作以解決核不擴散問題;在國家層次方面,由於歐巴馬強調其政策上的正當性與國際法的制約,故參議院對於《全面核子禁試條約》批准與否對歐巴馬的核武政策有重大影響;此外,當前民意支持美國核武削減措施,但亦深恐廢除核武會危及美國國家安全,故如何令民眾支持其核武政策,以便汲取社會資源,亦為歐巴馬政府考量的重要因素;最後從個人層次觀之,歐巴馬是美國第一個倡導無核武世界概念的總統,而其多邊協商、尋求國際法為其政策背書的態度,亦影響了核武政策的走向,但亦由於參議院與民意的制約,使歐巴馬必須在政策上進行調整,以便從國內社會汲取更多資源,實踐其核武政策之目標,參議院與民意對於國家安全的重視,也使得歐巴馬的核武政策依然具有現實主義的制衡色彩,包括強調與俄國的相對實力、建構歐洲的飛彈防禦網、以及不排除以軍事行動制止流氓國家的核武發展等。
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    Walt, Steven, “The Enduring Relevance of the Realist Tradition,” in Katznelson, Ira、Milner, Helen eds., Political Science: The state of the discipline iii (New York: W.W. Norton, 2002), pp. 197-234.
    Weeks, Jennifer, “Nuclear disarmament,” in Press, CQ eds., Issues for debate in american foreign policy : Selections from Washington, D.C. : CQ press (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2010).
    (五)報紙
    Bennett, John T., “Sen. Kyl: Obama’s goal for nuclear weapon-free world is `loopy`,” The Hill, April 12, 2011.
    Ratnesar, Romesh, “Gorbachev, schultz, nunn, perry urge a nuclear-free world,” Time Magazine, April 22, 2009.
    Shultz, George P., Perry, William J., Kissinger, Henry A. and Nunn, Sam, “A world free of nuclear weapons,” Wall Street Journal, January 4, 2007.
    Shultz, George P., Perry, William J., Kissinger, Henry A. and Nunn, Sam, “Toward a nuclear – free world,” Wall Street Journal, January 15, 2008.
    (六)網站文章
    “A nuclear impasse with iran,” The Washington Post, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/nuclear-negotiations-with-iran-face-an-impasse/2012/06/19/gJQALc50oV_story.html> (June 20, 2012).
    “Obama prague speech on nuclear weapons,” The Huffington Post, <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/05/obama-prague-speech-on-nu_n_183219.html> (April 5, 2009).
    “S/res/1887 sceurity council resolution,” United Nations Security Council, <http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1887(2009)> (24 September, 2009).
    “Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (npt),” UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, <http://www.un.org/disarmament/WMD/Nuclear/NPT.shtml> (April 7, 2013).
    “U.S. Senate: Full results,” Senate Race - 2012 Election Center - Elections & Politics from CNN.com, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/election-map-2012/senate/> (November 14, 2012).
    “Un watchdog `denied access to key iran site`,” Aljazeera, <http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/02/201222202920481596.html> (February 22, 2012).
    A/RES/1(I) General Assembly Resolution 1, “Establishment of a commission to deal with the problems raised by the discovery of atomic energy,” General Assembly of the United Nations, <http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/1(I)&Lang=E&Area=RESOLUTION> (April 9, 2013).
    Borger, Julian, “Nuclear talks lead to rare meeting between us and iran,” The Guardian, <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/oct/01/iran-nuclear-geneva-talks> (October 1, 2009).
    Brooke, James, “North korea says it has nuclear weapons and rejects talks,” New York Times, <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/10/international/asia/10cnd-korea.html?_r=0> (February 10, 2005).
    Bush, George W., “9/11 address to the nation,” American Rhetoric, <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911addresstothenation.htm> (September 11 2001).
    Clinton, Hillary, “Secretary clinton at the united states institute of peace,” IIP Digital <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2009/10/20091021180508ihecuor0.8690541.html#axzz2V8v17Zpz> (October 21, 2009).
    Cohen, William, “Remarks by president clinton, secretary of defense cohen, and the nobel peace laureates urging the senate to ratify the CTBT,” Federation of American Scientists, <http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/ctbt/text/100699nobel.htm> (October 6, 1999).
    Cossa, Ralph A and Santoro, David, “Obama`s nuclear agenda: The next four years,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, <http://csis.org/files/publication/Pac1277.pdf> (April 10, 2013).
    Fassihi, Farnaz, “Iranian split seeps into atomic policy,” The Wall Street Journal, <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303624004577338173634528362.html> (April 12, 2012).
    Gearan, Anne, “Obama on iran: Us looking to &quot;directly engage&quot; with iran, but must overcome mistrust,” The Huffington Post, <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/02/09/obama-on-iran-us-looking-_n_165449.html> (February 9, 2009).
    Joseph R. Biden, Jr., “Remarks by vice president biden at the 45th munich security conference,” United States Diplomatic Mission, <http://germany.usembassy.gov/events/2009/feb-biden-security/> (February 7, February 7, 2009).
    Joseph R. Biden, Jr., “Vice president biden on next steps in u.S.-russia relationship,” IIP Digital <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2011/03/20110314133052su0.1348644.html#axzz2V8v17Zpz> (March 14, 2011).
    Lugar, Dick, “Statement by senator lugar (r-in) in opposition of the ctbt,” Federation of American Scientists, <http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/ctbt/text/100799lugar.htm> (October 7, 1999).
    McCain, John, “Remarks by senator john mccain (r-az) on the ctbt,” Federation of American Scientists, <http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/ctbt/text/101299mccain.htm> (October 12, 1999).
    McKeeby, David, “Analysis: America and russia “press the reset button”,” IIP Digital <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2009/03/20090306152109idybeekcm0.1772882.html#axzz2V8v17Zpz> (March 6, 2009).
    Miles, Donna, “U.S. Declassifies nuclear stockpile details to promote transparency,” U.S.
    Department of Defense, <http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=59004>
    (May 3, 2010).
    Obama, Barack, “Obama on death of terrorist osama bin laden,” IIP Digital <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2011/05/20110502003023tegdirb0.9891408.html#axzz2V8v17Zpz> (May 1, 2011).
    Obama, Barack, “Obama’s letter to senate on missile defense and new start,” IIP Digital <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2010/12/20101220112111su0.6327565.html#axzz2V8v17Zpz> (December 18 2010).
    Obama, Barack, “President addresses new economic school graduation,” IIP Digital <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2009/07/20090707062839abretnuh3.549922e-02.html#axzz2V8v17Zpz> (July 07, 2009).
    Robinson, Paul, Browne, John C. and Tarter, Bruce, “Joint statement by three nuclear weapons laboratory directors on the safety and reliability of the u.S. Nuclear weapons stockpile,” Federation of American Scientists, <http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/ctbt/text/100899nukelabdir.htm> (October 8, 1999).
    (七)英文譯著
    Thucydides, History of the peloponnesian war, trans. by Warner, Rex (Harmondsworth, England; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1982).
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    99253017
    101
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992530171
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[外交學系] 學位論文

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