政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/56805
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文筆數/總筆數 : 113303/144284 (79%)
造訪人次 : 50839327      線上人數 : 744
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜尋範圍 查詢小技巧：
  • 您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號"，以獲取較精準的檢索結果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜尋，建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位，可獲得較完整資料
    •  進階搜尋


    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/56805


    題名: 以優選理論分析兩個客語方言之連讀變調
    An Optimality Theory Approach to the Tone Sandhi in Two Hakka Dialects
    作者: 陳煒翰
    Chen, Wei Han
    貢獻者: 蕭宇超
    Hsiao, Yuchau E.
    陳煒翰
    Chen, Wei Han
    關鍵詞: 優選理論
    連讀變調
    六家饒平客語
    寧都田頭客語
    聲調結構
    聯合制約
    詞素特定音韻
    Optimality Theory
    tone sandhi
    Liujia Raoping Hakka
    Ningdu Tiantou Hakka
    tonal structure
    Local conjunction constraint
    morpheme-specific phonology
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2013-02-01 16:48:10 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本論文以優選理論分析六家饒平客語和寧都田頭客語雙音節詞之連讀變調，並藉由聲調內部結構說明變調的動機。在六家饒平客語方面，主要是呈現位置變調(positional tone sandhi)，較有標(more marked)的聲調位於前字時發生變調。另外，此方言的陽平和陽去因歷史演變，兩者的本調(citation tone)同為HH，但兩者因不同的變調形式而產生不同的變調(sandhi tone)。陽去的變調形式為位置變調，而陽平的變調形式為環境變調(contextual tone sandhi)。本文採用聯合制約(Local Constraint Conjunction)捕捉環境變調制約運作的環境。另外，運用「詞素特定音韻」(morpheme-specific phonology)標記聯合制約，解釋陽平和陽去不同的變調規則。在寧都田頭客語方面，變調受詞法結構影響，且兩個音節皆有可能發生變調。本文利用標記制約理論(indexed constraints approach)解釋不同結構的變調情形。另藉由位置信實制約不同的排序，嘗試說明聲調的保留屬於類型差異(typological differences)。而此方言的變調類型包含位置變調和環境變調，同樣要求較有標的聲調改變，並使用聯合制約說明在環境變調的情況下制約運作的環境。
    This thesis investigates the tone sandhi in Liujia Raoping Hakka and Ningdu Tiantou Hakka under the framework of Optimality Theory. The internal structure of the tone reveals the motivation and the mechanism of tone sandhi. In terms of the tone sandhi in Liujia Raoping Hakka, the universal tonal markedness tendency could be regarded as the motivation triggering the positional tone sandhi in the left syllable. Moreover, the morpheme-specific phonology is adapted to account for the tone sandhi of historical merged tones, Yangping and Yangqu. Yangping and Yangqu are both high level tones; however, they display different tone sandhi patterns. Yangping displays the contextual tone sandhi whereas Yangqu displays the positional tone sandhi. Local conjunction constraints are posited to restrict markedness constraints to specific contexts in order to account for the mechanism of contextual tone sandhi. On the other hand, in terms of the tone sandhi in Ningdu Tiantou Hakka, the tone sandhi is construction sensitive and takes place in both syllables. The indexed constraint approach is adopted to explain the tone sandhi in different constructions. In addition, the preservation of tone is argued to be the typological difference according to different rankings of the positional faithfulness constraints. Finally, the tonal markedness tendency motivates the positional tone sandhi and the conjoined constraints are posited to govern the contextual tone sandhi in this dialect.
    參考文獻: Alderete, John. 1999. Morphologically Governed Accent in Optimality Theory. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
    Alderete, John. 2001. Dominance effects as Transderivational Anti-Faithfulness. Phonology 18: 201-253.
    Anttila, Arto. 1997. Deriving variation from grammar. In Variation, Change and Phonology Theory, ed. by Frans Hinskens, Roeland Van Hout, and W. Leo Wetzel, 35-68. Amsterdam: JohnBenhjamins.
    Anttila, Arto and Young-mee Yu Cho. 1998. Variation and Change in Optimality Theory. Lingua 104, 31-56.
    Anttila, Arto. 2002. Morphologically conditioned phonological alternations. Natural
    Language and Linguistic Theory 20: 1-42.
    Bao, Zhi-ming. 1990. On the Nature of Tone. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Bao, Zhi-ming. 1999. The structure of tone. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Bao, Zhi-ming. 2003. Tone, accent, and stress in Chinese. Journal of Linguistics 39.1:147-166.
    Bao, Zhi-ming. 2011. Chinese tone sandhi. In The Blackwell companion to phonology, ed. by Marc van Oostendorp, Colin Ewen, Elizabeth Hume, and Keren Rice, 5: 2561-2585. Malden, MA & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
    Beckman, Jill N. 1997. Positional faithfulness, positional neutralization and Shona vowel harmony. Phonology 14:1-46.
    Beckman, Jill N. 1998. Positional Faithfulness. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
    Benua, Laura. 1997a. Affix classes are defined by faithfulness. University of Maryland Working papers in Linguistics, 1-26.
    Benua, Laura. 1997b. Transderivational identity: phonological relations between words. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
    Casali, Roderic F. 1996. Resolving Hiatus. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
    Casali, Roderic F. 1997. Vowel elision in hiatus contexts: Which vowel goes? Language 73:493-533.
    Chang, Kuang-Yu. 2003. Min Ke Fangyan Shigao. Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc. [In Chinese]
    Chao, Yuan-ren. 1930. A system of tone letters. Le Mâitre Phonetique 45:24-47.
    Chen, Matthew Y. 1987. The syntax of Xiamen tone sandhi. Phonology Yearbook 4: 109-149.
    Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone Sandhi: Patterns across Chinese dialects. Oxford University Press.
    Clement, George N. 1981. The hierarchical representation of tone features. Current Approaches to African Linguistics, ed. by I. R. Dihoff, 145-176. Dordrecht: Foris.
    de Lacy, Paul. 1999. Tone and prominence. Manuscript. Amherst: University of Massachusetts. (ROA-333)
    de Lacy, Paul. 2002. The interaction of tone and stress in Optimality Theory. Phonology 19.1: 1-32.
    de Lacy, Paul. 2004. Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory. Phonology 21.2:145-199.
    Duanmu, San. 1990. A formal study of syllable, tone, stress and domain in Chinese
    languages. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Duanmu, San. 1994. Against contour tone units. Linguistic Inquiry 25:555-608.
    Duanmu, San. 2007. The Phonology of Standard Chinese. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press.
    Fukazawa, Haruka. (1999) Theoretical Implications of OCP Effects on Features in Optimality Theory. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park.
    He, Wei. 1996. Luoyang fangyan cidian [A dictionary of the Luoyang dialect]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press. [In Chinese]
    Hou, Jingyi. 1980. Pingyao fangyan de liandu biandiao [Tone sandhi in the Pingyao dialect]. Fangyan 1980:1-14. [In Chinese]
    Hsiao, E. Yuchau. 1991. Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co.
    Hsiao, E. Yuchau. 1995. Southern Min Tone Sandhi and Theories of Prosodic Phonology. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd.
    Hsiao, E. Yuchau. 2000. Optimal tone sandhi in Taiwan southern Min. Hanyu Yanjiu 18:25-40. [In Chinese]
    Hsiao, E. Yuchau and Yunyi Chiu. 2006. Trisyllabic and Tetrasyllabic Tone Sandhi in Dongshi Hakka. Language and Linguistics 7.2:455-482. [In Chinese]
    Hsieh, Feng-fan. 2005. Tonal chain-shifts as anti-neutralization-induced tone sandhi. In Proceedings of the 28th Penn Linguistics Colloquium, Penn Working Papers in Lingusitics, ed by Arunachalam et al. Philadelphia: Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, 11.1:99-112.
    Hsu, Kuei-Jung. 2005. Taiwan Raoping Kehua. Taipei: Wu-Nan Book Inc. [In Chinese]
    Hsu, Kuei-Jung. 2008. The Taiwan Raoping Hakka sound source with changes. Ph.D. Dissertation, National Hsinchu University of Education. [In Chinese]
    Huang, Xiaoping. 2006. Tianlin Ningdu Kejiahua Bijiao Yanjiu. MA Thesis, Guangxi University. [In Chinese]
    Huang, Xiaoping. 2010. Disyllabic Tone Sandhi of Tiantou Hakka in Ningdu, Jiangxi Province. Fangyan 2010:245-249. [In Chinese]
    Hyman, Larry. 1993. Register tones and tonal geometry. In The Phonology of Tone: The Representation of Tonal Register, ed. by K. Snider & H. van der Hulst, 75-100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    Inkelas, Sharon and Cheryl Zoll. 2005. Reduplication: Doubling in Morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Inkelas, Sharon and Cheryl Zoll. 2007. Is Grammar Dependence Real? A comparison
    between cophonological and indexed constraint approaches to morphologically conditioned phonology. Linguistics 45: 133-171.
    Itô, Junko and Armin Mester. 1998. Markedness and Word Structure: OCP Effects in Japanese. Ms., University of California, Santa Cruz. (ROA-255-0498)
    Itô, Junko and Armin Mester. 1999. The Phonological Lexicon. In The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics, ed. by Tsujimura, Natsuko, 62-100. Oxford: Blackwell.
    Itô, Junko and Armin Mester. 2001. Covert generalizations in Optimality Theory: the role of stratal faithfulness constraints. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology 7:273-299.
    Jiang, Wenzheng. 1997. Harbin fangyan dieyin he dai dieyin chengfen de zhuangtaici [Reduplicates and property words containing reduplicates in the Harbin dialect]. Fangyan 1997:286-291. [In Chinese]
    Kager, Rene. 1999. Optimality Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Li, Rulong and Shuangqing Zhang (ed.). 1992. Kegan Fangyan Diaocha Baogao. Xiamen University Press. [In Chinese]
    Li, Xiaofan. 2004. Hanyu fangyan liandu biandiao de cengji he leixing [Levels and types of tone sandhi in Chinese dialects]. Fangyan 2004:16-33. [In Chinese]
    Li, Zhiqiang. 2003. The Phonetics and Phonology of Tone Mapping in a Constraint-based Approach. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2000. An Optimality Theoretic approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing. MA Thesis, National Chengchi University.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2004. Boshan tone sandhi. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics 2.2: 75-126.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2005a. Identity preservation in Hakha-Lai tone sandhi. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics 3.2: 1-44.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2005b. Prosodic correspondence in tone sandhi. UST Working Papers in Linguistics 1: 229–265.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2006. Directionality in Chengdu tone sandhi. Concentric 32.1: 31-67.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2008. Variable directional applications in Tianjin tone sandhi. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 17.3:181-226.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2011. Sequential and tonal markedness in Dongshi Hakka tone sandhi. Language and Linguistics 12.2:313-357.
    Lin, Hui-shan. 2012. Construction Sensitive in Pingyao Tone Sandhi. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics 10.1:143-210.
    Lin, Xianfeng. 2007. Raoping Keyu Biandiao Due Yunlu Xingcheng ji Jufa Jiegou, Yuyi Biaoshu De Yiyi ─ Yi Taiwan Hsinchu Liujia Linwu Weili. Post-conference Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference of Hakka Studies. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong. [In Chinese]
    Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2007. The Sound of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Liu, Lunxin. 2001. Jiangxi Kejia Fanyan Gaikuang. Nanchang: Jiangxi People’s Publishing House. [In Chinese]
    Lü, Song-Yan. 1993. A Dialect in Taiwan-Jaoping. MA Thesis, Soochow University. [In Chinese]
    Lubowicz, Anna. 2002. Derived Environment Effects in Optimality Theory. Lingua. 112:243-280.
    Lubowicz, Anna. 2003. Local Conjunction and Comparative Markedness. Theoretical Linguistics 29:101-112.
    Lubowicz, Anna. 2005. Locality of Conjunction. In Proceedings of the 24th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, ed. by John Alderete, Chung-hye Han, and Alexei Kochetov, 254-262. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
    Luo, Meizhen and Xiaohua Deng. 1997. Kejia Fanyan. Fujian: Fujian Education Press. [In Chinese]
    McCarthy, John and Alan Prince. 1993. General alignment. In Yearbook of Morphology, ed. by Geert Booij and Jaap Van Marle, 79-153. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
    McCarthy, John and Alan Prince. 1995. Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. In University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in linguistics 18: Papers in Optimality Theory, ed. by Jill Beckman, Suzanne Urbanczyk and Laura Walsh Dickey, 249-384. Amherst: GLSA.
    McCarhty, John J. 2008. Doing Optimality Theory: Applying Theory to Data. Oxford: Blackwell.
    Nelson, Nicole Alice. 1998. Right anchor, aweigh. Manuscript. (ROA-284)
    Nelson, Nicole Alice. 2003. Asymmetric Anchoring. Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
    Orgun, Cemil Orhan. 1996. Sign-based morphology and phonology: with special attention to Optimality Theory. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
    Orgun, Cemil Orhan. 1998. Cyclic and noncyclic effects in a declarative grammar. In Yearbook of Morphology, ed. by Geert Booij and Jaap Van Marle, 179-218. Amsterdam: Springer.
    Orgun, Cemil Orhan. 1999. Signed-based morphology : a declarative theory of phonology-morphology interleaving. In The Derivational Residue in Phonological Optimality Theory, ed. by Ben Hermans, Marc Van Oostendorp, 247-267.
    Orgun, Cemil Orhan and Sharon Inkelas (2002). Reconsidering bracket erasure. In Yearbook of Morphology 2001, ed. by Geert Booij and Jaap van Marle, 115-146. Amsterdam: Springer.
    Pater, Joe. 2000. Nonuniformity in English stress: the role of ranked and lexically specific constraints. Phonology 17:2 237-274.
    Pater, Joe. 2007. The Locus of Exceptionality: Morpheme-Specific Phonology as Constraint Indexation. In University of Massachusetts Occacional Papers 32: Papers in Optimality Theory III, ed. by Leah Bateman, Michael O’Keefe, Ehren Reilly and Adam Werle, 259-296.
    Pater, Joe. 2010. Morpheme-Specific Phonology: Constraint Indexation and Inconsistency Resolution. In Phonological Argumentation: Essays on Evidence and Motivation, ed. by Steve Parker, 123-154. London: Equinox.
    Peng, Shu-hui. 1996. Phonetic Implementation and Perception of Place Coarticulation and Tone Sandhi. Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University.
    Prince, Alan, and Paul Smolensky. 1993/2004. Optimality Theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Malden: Blackwell.
    Smolensky, Paul. 1993. Harmony, markedness, and phonological activity. Manuscript. (ROA-87)
    Smolensky, Paul. 1995. On the structure of Con, the constraint component of UG. Handout of talk at UCLA, April 7. (ROA-86)
    Snider, Keith. 1990. Tonal upstep in Krachi: evidence for a register tier. Language 66:453-474.
    Snider, Keith. 1999. The Geometry and Features of Tone. Dallas: SIL and University of Texas, Arlington.
    Xie, Liuwen. 2003. Kejia Fangyan Yuyin Yanjiu. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. [In Chinese]
    Yip, Moira. 1980. The Tonal Phonology of Chinese. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Yip, Moira. 1989. Contour tones. Phonology 6:149-174.
    Yip, Moira. 2001. Tonal features, tonal inventories, and phonetic targets. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, 161-188.
    Yip, Moira. 2002. Tone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Zhang, Jie. 1999. Duration in the tonal phonology of Pingyao Chinese. UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics, ed. by Matthew K. Gordon, 147-206.
    Zhang, Jie. 2001. The Effects of Duration and Sonority on Contour Tone Distribution — A Typological Survey and Formal Analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
    Zhang, Jie. 2004. Contour Tone Licensing and Contour Tone Representation. Language and Linguistics 5.4:925-968.
    Zhang, Jie. 2007. A directional asymmetry in Chinese tone sandhi systems. Journal of
    East Asian Linguistics 16:259-302.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    語言學研究所
    99555009
    101
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099555009
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[語言學研究所] 學位論文

    文件中的檔案:

    檔案 大小格式瀏覽次數
    500901.pdf4196KbAdobe PDF21312檢視/開啟


    在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回饋