政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/54512

政大典藏 > College of Foreign Languages and Literature > Graduate Institute of Linguistics > Theses > Item 140.119/54512

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54512

Title:	海陸腔客語母音的聲學研究 An acoustic study of Hai-lu Hakka vowels
Authors:	李晉瑋 Li, Chin Wei
Contributors:	萬依萍 Wan, I Ping 李晉瑋 Li, Chin Wei
Keywords:	海陸腔客語聲學空間圖母音音質聲學語音學共振峰頻率 Hai-lu Hakka vowel space vowel quality acoustic phonetics formant frequency
Date:	2011
Issue Date:	2012-10-30 11:16:28 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本論文為以共振峰頻率資料來研究海陸腔客語母音音質之聲學研究。語言學的文獻中，以共振峰頻率資料來研究世界上各種語言的母音的音質已經有相當豐富的文獻，在過去五十年來，前人在客語的語音及音韻系統上已經有豐富的研究成果。但以聲學資料來對海陸客語做描述的文獻相當缺乏。本研究的受試者為居住在新竹縣新埔鎮，六位以海陸腔客家話為母語的人士，其中有三名男性及三名女性。本研究使用了32個測試字，包含了單元音、雙合元音及三合元音。語音資料是利用KAY CSL 4100 (KAY Electronics)來做分析。本研究測試字包含的音節結構有:CV, CVV, CVVC, CVC, 以及CVVV。測試字在實驗的過程中，被受試者單獨發音，或是放在句子中間。在實驗資料完成分析後，我們以Origin 6.0軟體繪出海陸腔客語母音的聲學空間圖。根據供振峰研究資料，本研究得到以下有關海陸腔客語母音音質的表現。首先關於單元音，海陸腔客語共有六個單元音: [i], [e], [ɨ], [a], [o], 以及 [u]。其次，海陸腔客語共有十一個雙元音: [ie], [ia], [io], [iu], [eu], [ai], [au], [oi], [ui], [ue], 以及 [ua]。我們比較單元音及雙元音的聲學空間圖(vowel space)後，發現相同的母音在雙母音的環境下，由於受到鄰近母音發音位置的影響，在聲學空間上，比起在單母音的時候，變的更高低，或更前或後。第三，三母音[iai], [iau]和[uai]在聲譜圖上的表現，第一個母音[i]和[u]都比其後的兩個母音，長度來的相對的短一些，表現很像是滑音[j]和[w]。最後，本研究以共振峰聲學頻率的形式描述及記錄了當代海陸腔客語母音的音質，前人的研究中，以楊時逢(1952)最能說明本研究所提供的聲學資料。希望這些資料能對海陸腔客語母音的研究有所貢獻。 This thesis is an acoustic study that investigates the vowel quality of Hai-lu Hakka vowels with formant frequency data. The acoustic method has been widely applied to the study of vowel quality of languages worldwide. In the past 50 years, Hakka researchers have yielded rich results in phonological system and phonetic description of Hakka, but there are relatively fewer research focus on the acoustic properties and characteristics of vowel phones in Hai-lu Hakka. The subjects of this study included three male and three female native Hai-lu Hakka speakers. Testing items used in this study were 32 syllables that involve monophthongs, diphthongs, and triphthongs. The speech data were analyzed by using KAY CSL 4100 (KAY Electronics). The data discussed in this study were testing items produced in citation form and sentence form, including the following syllable structures: CV, CVC, CVV, CVVC, and CVVV. The vowel qualities of Hai-lu Hakka vowels were measured and analyzed, and the acoustic vowel space of Hai-lu Hakka is plotted by the software Origin 6.0. Several results concerning the vowel quality of Hai-lu Hakka vowels were reported based on the formant frequency data. Firstly, there are six monophthongs in the vowel system of Hailu Hakka: [i], [e], [ɨ], [a], [o], and [u]. Secondly, there are eleven diphthongs in the vowel system of Hai-lu Hakka : [ie], [ia], [io], [iu], [eu], [ai], [au], [oi], [ui], [ue], and [ua]. By comparing the relative position of the vowel in a diphthong and the corresponding vowel as in a monophthong, we found that the second vowel in a diphthong tend to be higher or lower, more fontal or back, and it is possibly due to the coarticulatory influence of the adjacent phones.the Thirdly, as shown in the spectrogram of the three tripthongs [iai], [iau] and [uai], the duration of [i] in [iai55], [i] in [tʰiau55] and [u] in [kuai55] are relatively shorter than the rest two vowels in the same syllable, as [ai] in [iai55], [au] in [tʰiau55] and [ai] in [kuai55]. In these CVVV syllables, [u] and [i] are similar to glides or so-called semi-vowels, or approximants [j] and [w] as shown in the spectrogram. Finally, the vowel system in Yang (1957) is more suitable for accounting for the data in this study. Hopefully, the vowel formant data presented in this study will contribute to the study of vowels in Hakka.
Reference:	Catford, J. C. (2001). A practical introduction to phonetics. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chang, S.-P. (2002). Acoustic analysis on Mandarin vowels and tones by severely hearing-impaired and normal hearing students. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University. Chang, Y.-C. (1998). Taiwan Mandarin vowels: an acoustic investigation. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 28:3, 255-274. Chen, S.-C. (2000). Phonological system of Hai-lu Hakka. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, National Hsinchu University of Education. Cheng, Ming-chung, Yu-ching Huang, and Ying-chiao Tan. (2009). An acoustic study of the vowels in Sixian Hakka: Systematicity and Variability. The Third International Conference on Applied Linguistics (ICAL-3). Chiayi: National Chiayi University. Childers, D. G., and Ke Wu. 1991. Gender recognition from speech. Part II: Fine analysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90:1841-1865. Chung, R.-F. (2004). An introduction to Taiwan Hakka phonology. Taipei: Wu-Nan Book Inc. Deng, Y. L. 2007. An acoustic study on the Hakka Palatalized Fricative. M.A.thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University. Zee, E. and Lee, WS. (2008). The effect of vowel duration on formant frequencies – data from Hakka Chinese. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 123, issue 5, p. 3884 Zee, E. and Lee, WS. (2009). Acoustic analysis of the tones and tone sandhi in Hakka Chinese. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 05/2009; 125(4):2570. Fon, J. (2004). An old question but a new answer: doing phonetics can be easy. Proceedings of the Methodology Workshop on Linguistics, National Chengchi University. Gu, G.-S. (2005). Phonology of Taiwan Hakka. In Gu, G.-S. (Ed.), Introduction to Taiwan Hakka, 117-161. Taipei: Wu-Nan Book Inc. Heid, S., Wesenick M.-B, & Chr. Draxler (1995). Phonetic analysis of vowel segments in the PhonDat database of spoken German. Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Hoole, P. & Hu, F. (2004). Tone-vowel interaction in Standard Chinese. In International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL-2004), 89-92. Howie, J. M. (1976). Acoustical studies of Mandarin vowels and tones. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hsieh, W.-C. (2006). The Acoustic Study on the Phonetic System of Southern Min. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University. the International Phonetic Association. (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to use the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kent, R. & C. Read. (1992). The Acoustic analysis of speech. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, INC. Kent, Ray D., and Charles Read. 2002. The Acoustic Analysis of Speech. San Diego: Singular Press. Ladefoged, P. (1962). Elements of acoustic phonetics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Ladefoged, P. (1971). Preliminaries to linguistic phonetics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Ladefoged, P. (2001). Vowels and consonants: An introduction to the sounds of languages. Oxford: Blackwell. Ladefoged, P. (2003). Phonetic data analysis: an introduction to fieldwork and instrumental techniques. Oxford: Blackwell. Ladefoged, P. (2006). A course in phonetics. (5th ed.). Boston: Thomson Wadswordth. Ladefoged, P. & I. Maddieson. (1996). The sounds of the world’s languages. Oxford: Blackwell. Liang, C. W. (2004). The Acoustic Characteristics of Hakka Consonants and Vowels. M.A. thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University. Liu, H. M., Tseng, C.-H. & Tsao, F. M. (1999). The speech acoustic characteristic of Mandarin phonetic contrasts. Proceedings of the National Science Council (Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences), 9:4, 726-738. Liu, J. R. (2007). Tonal Representations and Coarticulation in Ta-pu Hakka. M.A. thesis. National Taiwan University. Lo, Z. J. (1990). The Hakka Language in Taiwan. Taipei: Tai-yuen. Peterson, G.E., and Barney, H.L., (1952). Control methods used in a study of the vowels. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184. Thomas, E. R. (2001). An acoustic analysis of vowel variation in new world English. Duke University Press. Tsao, J.-F. & Yang, S.-A. (1984). Beijinghua fuheyuanin de shiyan yanjiu [An experimental study on the diphthongs in Beijing speech]. Zhongguo yuwen [Chinese language and literature], 6, 427-433. Tse, K.-P. (1988). Acoustic properties of the coronal affricates and fricatives in Mandarin Chinese: a spectrographic analysis. Taipei: The Crane Publishing. Tse, K.-P. (1997). Guoyu kongyun inxiang texing zhi shengpu fenxi [A spectral analysis of the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin empty vowel], In F. Tsao & M. Nishimaki. Taiwan xuezhe hanyu yanjiu wenji [Collection of Taiwanese scholar’s study on Mandarin]. Tianjing Renmin Chubanshe [Tianjing People’s Publishing]. Wan, I. P. (2004). Testing the psychological status of the phonological categories. Proceedings of the Methodology Workshop on Linguistics, National Chengchi University. Wu, C.-H. (2009). A paradox in Mandarin vowel inventory: acoustic and articulatory discrepancies. Paper presented at the 2009 Graduate Student Workshop on Phonology, National Chengchi University. Yang, S. F. (1957). The Hakka Dialect in Taoyuan, Taiwan (Taiwan Taoyuan kejia fangyan). Taipei: The Institute of History and Philology Monographs. Yang, S. F. (1971). The Hakka Dialect in Meinong, Taiwan (Taiwan Meinong kejia fangyan). Taipei: The Institute of History and Philology Monographs.
Description:	碩士國立政治大學語言學研究所 98555008 100
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098555008
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Linguistics] Theses

Files in This Item:

File	Size	Format
500801.pdf	1596Kb	Adobe PDF2	870	View/Open

社群 sharing

Loading...