政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/52704
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造访人次 : 51036456      在线人数 : 934
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/52704


    题名: 語境預測力對中文一詞多義處理歷程的影響：文句閱讀的眼動研究
    The influence of contextual predictability on processing Chinese polysemy: Eye movement experiments of sentence reading
    作者: 高佩如
    Kao, Pei Ju
    贡献者: 蔡介立
    Tsai, Jei Li
    高佩如
    Kao, Pei Ju
    关键词: 一詞多義
    眼動
    語境
    預測力
    詞彙歧義
    詞義重疊
    polysemy
    eye movements
    context
    predictability
    lexcical ambiguity
    sense overlap
    日期: 2011
    上传时间: 2012-04-17 09:05:31 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本論文進行兩個眼動實驗，探討語境及多義特性在一詞多義處理歷程中扮演的角色。Frazier與Rayner(1990)認為一詞多義由於詞義間有重疊的語義屬性(sense overlap)，因此處理詞義之初，會先以部分語義(partial specification)來理解，不需立即進行完整詞義的解讀，支持部分語義解讀假設(Immediate Partial Interpretation Hypothesis)。在Frisson 與Pickering(2001)所提出詞義未定模型(Underspecification Model)中，進一步說明語境在一詞多義中扮演的角色，認為一詞多義的語義提取會先以未定意義(underspecified meaning)解釋，在語義提取完畢後，語境才會介入詞義的選擇。本論文操弄語境導引和詞義重疊性，來探討一詞多義的詞義提取與選擇歷程。實驗一操弄句子中目標詞的語境預測力(可預測語境vs.不可預測語境)與詞義數量(單詞義vs.多詞義)，記錄並分析目標詞與目標詞後區域的凝視時間。結果顯示：目標詞上的凝視時間多詞義顯著短於單詞義，支持部分語義解讀假設。然而，實驗一在目標詞後區域並未看到多詞義因延遲語義解讀(delayed semantic commitments)而造成抑制或競爭效果。實驗二就此現象與「一詞多義本身的詞義重疊程度」與「語境對一詞多義有無發生語義解讀的必要性」進行進一步探討。實驗二(同實驗一)操弄目標詞的語境預測力，與詞義的重疊程度(單義詞vs.中度詞義重疊vs.高度詞義重疊)，並控制語境偏向次要詞義的情形。結果顯示：目標詞上的晚期眼動指標在中度詞義重疊(中vs.單)與高度詞義重疊(高vs.單)皆看到與語境預測力發生交互作用，顯示語境預測力的影響在晚期階段發生；目標詞後區域觀察到中度與高度詞義重疊(中vs.單；高vs.單)皆在不可預測語境下發生詞義抑制效果，符合詞義未定模型預期之延遲語義解讀效果，並在目標詞晚期眼動指標看到中度詞義重疊效果與高度詞義重疊效果(單-中 vs. 單-高)受語境影響有不同的效果，顯示詞義重疊會影響詞義選擇的必要性。總結本論文的結果：首先，一詞多義的語義提取符合部分語義解讀的假設，而語境介入的影響支持詞義未定模型的看法，即語境在語義提取之初並未介入影響，在語義未定的情況下，若語境內容有進行語義解讀之必要時，則會發生延遲語義解讀。其次，詞義的促進效果與一詞多義的詞義數量多寡有關，詞義數量減少時，詞義促進效果也隨之消失。最後，當語境偏向一詞多義的次要詞義時，延遲語義效果才會發生。
    This thesis conducted two eye movement experiments with the aim to investigate the role of context and multi-sense feature in processing polysemy. Frazier and Rayner (1990) suggested that, at the beginning of semantic processing, polysemy is comprehended with partial specification. There is no immediate need to process the complete word sense due to the sense overlap between senses. This viewpoint supports the Immediate Partial Interpretation Hypothesis. In Frisson and Pickering’s (2001) Underspecification Model, further elaboration were made on the role of context in the process of retrieving and selecting one of the word senses of a polysemy. The sense that is first retrieved from a polysemy is considered to be an underspecified meaning. It is after the semantic retrieval is finished that context is involved in selecting a word sense. This thesis manipulated context guidance and sense overlap, to further research on processing polysemy in terms of word sense retrieval and selection.
    Experiment One manipulated contextual predictability (predictable context vs. unpredictable context) and number of senses (one-sense, monosemy vs. many-sense, polysemy) of the target words in sentences. Fixation times of the target words and post-target areas were recorded and analyzed. Results showed that the fixation times on target words were significantly shorter for polysemy than for monosemy, supporting the Immediate Partial Interpretation Hypothesis. However, in Experiment One, there is no inhibitory or competitive effect on the post-target area, indicating that there is no effect of delayed semantic commitments while comprehending polysemy. In Experiment Two, we further investigated how this phenomenon is connected with the degree of sense overlap and whether context is necessary to activate semantic commitment for polysemy. Contextual predictability of target words and the degree of sense overlap (monosemy vs. moderate-sense-overlap vs. high-sense-overlap) were manipulated, with the former designed as in Experiment One. Specifically, the context was controlled to bias toward the subordinate sense. The results showed that there were interactions of sense overlap degree (both moderate-sense-overlap vs. monosemy and high-sense-overlap vs. monosemy) and contextual predictability on target words for later-stage indices. This suggests that contextual predictability effects at later stages. On the post-target areas, there were inhibitory effects found for moderate-sense-overlap vs. monosemy and for high-sense-overlap when the context is unpredictable. This finding supports the delayed effect of semantic commitments in the Underspecification Model. Moreover, effects of sense overlap (polysemy-moderate vs. polysemy-high) were modulated by contextual predictability on target words for later-stage processing, showing that sense overlap affects the necessity of semantic commitments.
    In conclusion, the semantic retrieval of polysemy can be best explained by the Immediate Partial Interpretation Hypothesis and the involvement of contextual constraint supports the Underspecification Model. That is, context does not affect the beginning phase of semantic retrieval. Since the senses are underspecified, delayed semantic commitment occurs if it is necessary to make semantic commitment in the context. Furthermore, the facilitation of senses is related to the number of a polysemy’s senses. As number of senses decreases, facilitation of senses wanes and disappears. Finally, delayed semantic commitment occurs only when the context biases towards a subordinate sense of the polysemy.
    參考文獻: Anderson, R. C., & Ortony, A. (1975). On putting apples into bottles — A problem of polysemy. Cognitive Psychology, 7(2), 167-180.
    Apresjan, J. (1974). Regular polysemy. Linguistics, 142, 5-32.
    Azuma, T., & Van Orden, G. C. (1997). Why SAFE Is Better Than FAST: The Relatedness of a Word`s Meanings Affects Lexical Decision Times. Journal of Memory and Language, 36(4), 484-504.
    Booth, J. R., Harasaki, Y., & Burman, D. D. (2006). Development of lexical and sentence level context effects for dominant and subordinate word meanings of homonyms. J Psycholinguist Res, 35(6), 531-554.
    Calvo, M. G., & Meseguer, E. (2002). Eye movements and processing stages in reading: relative contribution of visual, lexical, and contextual factors. Span J Psychol, 5(1), 66-77.
    Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical semantics. Cambridge Cambridgeshire ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind : an essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
    Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1990). Taking on semantic commitments: Processing multiple meanings vs. multiple senses. Journal of Memory and Language, 29(2), 181-200.
    Frisson, S., & Frazier, L. (2005). Carving up word meaning: Portioning and grinding. Journal of Memory and Language, 53(2), 277-291.
    Frisson, S., & Pickering, M. J. (1999). The Processing of Metonymy: Evidence From Eye Movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25(6), 1366-1383.
    Frisson, S., & Pickering, M. J. (2001). Obtaining a Figurative Interpretation of a Word: Support for Underspecification. Metaphor & Symbol, 16(3/4), 149-171.
    Frisson, S., Rayner, K., & Pickering, M. J. (2005). Effects of contextual predictability and transitional probability on eye movements during reading. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 31(5), 862-877.
    Gibbs, R. (1980). Spilling the beans on understanding and memory for idioms in conversation. Memory & Cognition, 8(2), 149-156.
    Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
    Inhoff, A. W., Lima, S. D., & Carroll, P. J. (1984). Contextual Effects on Metaphor Comprehension in Reading. Memory & Cognition, 12(6), 558-567.
    Juhasz, B. J. (2005). Age-of-Acquisition Effects in Word and Picture Identification. Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 684-712.
    Juhasz, B. J., Gullick, M.M., & Shesler, L. W. (2011). The effects of age-of-acquisition on ambiguity resolution: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 4(1):4, 1-14.
    Kambe, G., Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. A. (2001). Global context effects on processing lexically ambiguous words: evidence from eye fixations. Mem Cognit, 29(2), 363-372.
    Klein, D. E., & Murphy, G. L. (2001). The Representation of Polysemous Words. Journal of Memory and Language, 45(2), 259-282.
    Klein, D. E., & Murphy, G. L. (2002). Paper has been my ruin: conceptual relations of polysemous senses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(4), 548-570.
    Klepousniotou, E. (2002). The Processing of Lexical Ambiguity: Homonymy and Polysemy in the Mental Lexicon. Brain and Language, 81(1-3), 205-223.
    Klepousniotou, E., & Baum, S. R. (2007). Disambiguating the ambiguity advantage effect in word recognition: An advantage for polysemous but not homonymous words. journal of Neurolinguistics, 20(1), 1-24.
    Klepousniotou, E., Titone, D., & Romero, C. (2008). Making Sense of Word Senses: The Comprehension of Polysemy Depends on Sense Overlap. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(6), 1534-1543.
    Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by (周世箴, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Lehrer, A. (1990). Polysemy, conventionality, and the structure of the lexicon. Cognitive Linguistics, 1, 207-246.
    Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
    McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88(5), 375-407.
    McElree, B., Frisson, S., & Pickering, M. J. (2006). Deferred Interpretations: Why Starting Dickens is Taxing but Reading Dickens Isn`t. Cognitive Science, 30(1), 181-192.
    Nunberg, G. (1979). The non-uniqueness of semantic solutions: Polysemy. Linguistics and Philosophy, 3, 143-184.
    Onifer, W., & Swinney, D. A. (1981). Accessing Lexical Ambiguities during Sentence Comprehension - Effects of Frequency of Meaning and Contextual Bias. Memory & Cognition, 9(3), 225-236.
    Pickering, M. J., & Frisson, S. (2001). Processing ambiguous verbs: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(2), 556-573.
    Pylkkänen, L., Llinas, R., & Murphy, G. L. (2006). The representation of polysemy: MEG evidence. J Cogn Neurosci, 18(1), 97-109.
    Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372-422.
    Rayner, K. (Ed.). (1983). Eye movements in reading : perceptual and language processes. New York: Academic Press.
    Rayner, K., Castelhano, M. S., & Yang, J. (2009). Eye movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readers. Psychol Aging, 24(3), 755-760.
    Rayner, K., Li, X., Juhasz, B. J., & Yan, G. (2005). The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers. Psychon Bull Rev, 12(6), 1089-1093.
    Rayner, K., & Well, A. D. (1996). Effects of contextual constraint on eye movements in reading: A further examination. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(4), 504-509.
    Rodd, J., Gaskell, G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. (2002). Making Sense of Semantic Ambiguity: Semantic Competition in Lexical Access. Journal of Memory and Language, 46(2), 245-266.
    Simpson, G. B. (1994). Context and the processing of ambiguous words. In M. A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 359-374). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    陳怡蓉. (2009). 詞義相關性在詞彙歧義理解上的效應：以中文動詞為例. Unpublished 碩士論文, 國立臺灣師範大學, 台北.
    黃騭瑩. (2009). 事件相關腦電位探討中文雙字詞語義歧義性之腦側化現象. Unpublished 碩士論文, 政治大學, 台北.
    楊芝瑜. (2010). 記憶廣度與語境效應對閱讀歧義句的影響：來自眼動的證據. Unpublished 碩士論文, 國立中央大學, 桃園.
    蔡介立, 顏妙璇, & 汪勁安. (2005). 眼球移動測量及在中文閱讀研究之應用. 應用心理研究(28), 91-104.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    語言學研究所
    97555003
    100
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097555003
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[語言學研究所] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 大小格式浏览次数
    500301.pdf1515KbAdobe PDF22516检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈