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Title:	漢語聖經經文搭配音樂之策略 The Phonological-Musical Strategies in Textsetting of Chinese Bible Verses
Authors:	凌旺楨 Ling, Wang Chen
Contributors:	蕭宇超 Yuchau E. Hsiao 凌旺楨 Ling, Wang Chen
Keywords:	優選理論漢語聖詩文字入樂語料庫 Optimality Theory Mandarin hymn Textsetting Corpus
Date:	2009
Issue Date:	2010-12-09 12:35:06 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	許多學者曾探討語言與音樂的互動關係。本研究則是將此議題延伸討論至漢語聖經經文入樂。本文漢語聖詩的歌詞皆截取自聖經經文，旋律的部份則是由牟維華(2007)所編。本篇主要包含了語料庫以及優選理論分析。語料庫的設置是用以觀察音節與音符的關連性、語言與音樂的邊界，以及輕聲的節奏。而優選理論分析則是藉著制約排序選出優選輸出值。本文聖詩可以兩種方式避免音符沒有對應到歌詞的現象，即一個音節對入多個音符，以及插入重複的歌詞。此兩種不同變異體可透過並存音韻(cophonology)的次語法，也就是Dep-σ 及Univormity-SM兩個制約的重新排序來解釋。由 Align-R(Long,IP)、Align-L (T, XP) 及 Align-R (T, IP) 三種制約排序，可預測出三連音邊界與歌詞的對應關係。Rhythm-N和Align-R (Long, IP) 兩個制約的排序，則可預測輕聲字的節奏長短。本研究發現音樂可被調整，以容納音節節奏。語言亦會被音樂影響，如此以符合樂譜的模組(template)。 Scholars have discussed the interaction between language and music. This study investigates this issue in Chinese biblical hymns. The lyrics of Chinese biblical hymn discussed in this paper are from biblical verses while the melodies are composed by Mou (2007). This paper includes corpus-based and Optimality Theory analysis. Corpus is constructed to observe the phenomena of syllable-note association, language and music boundaries, and the rhythm of neutral tone syllables. In terms of Optimality Theory, the optimal output of the hymn is governed by a set of constraints. Both linking one syllable to multiple notes and inserting repeated lyrics to the hymns can avoid notes from not linking to any lyric. These two variations can be accounted for by re-ranking Dep-σ and Univormity-SM in Cophonology Theory. The constraint ranking of Align-R (Long, IP), Align-L (T, XP) and Align-R (T, IP) can predict the interaction between the tiercet boundary and lyrics. The ranking of Rhythm-N and Align-R (Long, IP) determines the rhythm of neutral tone syllables. To conclude, this study has found that music can be modified to accommodate syllable rhythm. Language can also be influenced by music to satisfy the music template.
Reference:	1. English references Antilla, A. 1997. Deriving variation from grammar. In Hinskens, F. et al. (eds.) Variation, Change and Phonological Theory, pp. 35-68. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins. Goldsmith, J. A.1990. Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. Halle, J. & Lerdahl F. 1993. A generative textsetting model. Current Musicology, 55:3-23. Hayes, B. 2005. Textsetting as constraint conflict. In Aroui, Louis, J and Arleo, A. (eds.), Towards a Typology of Poetic Forms. Amsterdam, Elsevier. Hayes, B. 1982. Extrametricality and English stress. Linguistic Inquiry 13:277-276. Hogg, R. & McCully, C. B. 1987. Metrical Phonology: A Coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hsiao, Y. 2004. The Metrical Structure of Taiwanese Nursery Rhymes: A Corpus Study. 2004 Poetics and Linguistics Association Annual International Conference. New York University, USA. Hsiao, Y. 1995. Southern Min Tone Sandhi and Theories of Prosodic Phonology. Taipei: Student Book Co. Kager, R. 1999. Optimality Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ladd, D. R. 1990. Metrical representation of pitch register. In Kingston, J. and Beckman, M, (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology 1: Between the Grammar and the Physics of Speech, pp. 35–57. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lerdahl, F. & Jackendoff, R. 1983. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press. Lindblom, B. 1978. Final lengthening in speech and music. In E.Gårding, G. Bruce & R. Bannert, (eds.) Nordic Prosody: Papers from a symposium. Lund: Lund University Linguistics Dept. McCarthy, J.J. & Prince, A.S. 1995. Faithfulness and reduplicative identity in Beckman, J. et al., (eds.), Papers in Optimality Theory: University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18, University of Massachusetts Press, MA, pp. 249-384. McCarthy, J.J. & Prince, A. 1993. Prosodic Morphology I: Constraint Interaction and Satisfaction. Ms. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Rutgers University, New Brunswick. Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. 1983. Orisiduc structure above the word. In Cutler, A. and Ladd, D.R. (eds.), Prosody: Models and Measurements. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Orgun, C. O. 1996. Sign-based Morphonology and Phonology: With Special Attention to Optimality Theory. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. Pierrehumbert, J. and Beckman, M. 1988. Japanese tone structure, Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 15. MIT Press, Cambridge. Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. 1993. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell. Selkirk. E. 1984. Phonology and syntax: the relation between sound and structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Sietsema, Brian. 1989. Metrical Dependencies in Tone Assignment. Ph.D.Dissertation, MIT. 2. Chinese References: 牟維華，2007。唱的聖經。臺北縣：積智文化事業有限公司徐富美、高林傳，2003。歌詞聲調與旋律曲調相諧和的電腦檢測 http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu03/papers /C26.pdf 陳國權，1992。歌曲寫作教程。北京市：人民音樂出版發行楊蔭瀏，1998。語言與音樂。臺北：丹青圖書有限公司端木三，1998。音理論和漢語的詞長選擇。http://www- personal.umich.edu/~duanmu/ZGYW99.pdf
Description:	碩士國立政治大學語言學研究所 96555003 98
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096555003
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Linguistics] Theses

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