Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38751
|
| Title: | 台灣電視新聞的言談結構標記
Discourse Structure Markers of TV News in Taiwan |
| Authors: | 王佩郁
Wang, Pei-yu |
| Contributors: | 尤雪瑛
Yu, Hsueh-ying
王佩郁
Wang, Pei-yu |
| Keywords: | 電視新聞
言談結構
言談標記
指涉詞
連詞
畫面轉換
TV news
discourse structure
boundary marker
referential forms
connectives
shot shift |
| Date: | 2009 |
| Issue Date: | 2010-04-09 15:55:48 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本文主要探討台灣電視新聞的言談結構(discourse structure)，以及標示各單位的言談標記(discourse marker)。本研究分析25則電視新聞，文類限定於社會新聞。首先，在結構上，每一則新聞包含兩大結構︰導語(news kernel)以及旁白與影片(news body)。兩大結構又可細分為七個較小的單位，分別為︰開場白 (opening)、摘要 (abstract of the news)、事件現場畫面 (event scene presentation)、主要新聞事件 (main news events)、後續發展 (follow-up)、評語 (evaluation)、結尾 (routine ending)。而這七個單位還可再細分為更小的單位。此外，本文所探討的言談標記可分為五類︰1. 指涉詞 (referential forms) 2. 連詞 (connectives) 3. 地方副詞 (locative phrase) 4. 話題轉換填充詞 (topic shift fillers) 5. 畫面轉換 (shot shift)。是故，本文研究重點有二︰1.將新聞結構分為三個階層—Level 1、Level 2、Level 3，並探討出現於不同階層的言談標記在類型與數量上是否反映出階層 (hierarchy)？ 2. 標示各個結構的言談標記為何？
研究結果指出︰1. 三個階層的言談標記在類型上除了Level 1固定有畫面轉換之外，其餘兩個階層皆無固定的言談標記。另外，在數量上僅Level 1可同時出現多個言談標記，Level 2與Level 3在數量上並無差異，顯示出電視新聞為口說語(spoken language)的一種，訊息與訊息之間的連結性比表現出文體結構階層性更為重要 2. 標示各單位的言談標記並無一致性。受到各單位特性影響，言談標記呈現不同的分佈。
The present study examines twenty five pieces of broadcast news about crimes and damages in Taiwan. The purpose is to examine the relationship between the discourse structures and their corresponding markers. The discourse structure of a piece of broadcast news is divided into seven components and they are categorized into three levels. Level 1 includes news kernel and news body. Level 2 includes abstract in news kernel, main news events, follow-ups, evaluation, and routine ending in news body. Level 3 contains the smaller units in the Level 2 units.
The boundary markers to be examined are divided into four categories: topic shift filler, referential forms, connectives, and shot shift.
The present study has two major findings. First, the amounts of markers only show significant difference in Level 1. Down to Level 2 and Level 3, linearity overrides hierarchy. Second, the types of markers are decided by the nature of each unit. The opening is always marked by shot shift and speaker shift plus topic shift fillers/temporals/additives. The abstract section is marked by locative phrase plus referential forms. The event scene presentation section is marked by shot shift and speaker shift plus referential forms. The main news events section is marked by shot shift plus temporals which signal the exact time. Then, the follow-up section is marked by shot shift plus referential forms/connectives. The evaluation section is marked by shot shift plus referential forms. The routine ending section is marked by a relatively longer pause. |
| Reference: | Bell, A. (1991). The language of news media. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bell, A. (1995). News time. Time & Society 3(4): 308-28.
Bell, A. (1998). The discourse structure of news stories. In A. Bell & P. Garrett (Eds), Approaches to media discourse (pp. 64-104). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bestgen, Y. (1997). Segmentation markers as trace and signal of discourse structure. Journal of Pragmatics, 29, 753-763.
Brooks B.S., Kennedy, G.D., Moen, R., & Ranly, D. (1985). News Reporting and Writing. NY: St. Martin’s Press.
Chafe, W. & Danielewicz, J. (1987). Properties of spoken and written language. In Horowitz, R. & Samuels, S. J. (Eds.), Comprehending oral and written language (pp.83-113). CA: Academic Press.
Chen, M. H. (1990). Cohesive devices in spoken and written Chinese narrative discourse. Unpublished master thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chui, Kawai (2001). Topic chains and grounding in Chinese discourse. Taipei: Crane Publishing.
Cotter, C. (2001). Discourse and media. In D., Schiffrin, D, Tannen & H.E., Hamilton (Eds), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis (pp. 416-436). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Du Bois J. W., Schuetze-Coburn, S., Cumming, S. & Paolino, D. (1993). Outline of discourse transcription. In Edwards J. A. & Lampert M. D. (Eds.). Talking Data: Transcription and Coding in Discourse Research. Hillsdale: New Jersey, Lawrenc
Duszak, A. (1995). On variation in news-text prototypes: some evidence from English, Polish, and German. Discourse Processes, 19, 465-483.
Ekström, M. (2000). Information, storytelling and attractions: TV journalism in three modes of communication. Media, Culture & Society, 22, 465-492.
Firbas, J. (1992). Functional sentence perspective in written and spoken communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fraser, B. (1999). What are discourse markers? Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 931-952.
Fry, D. L. & Sigman, S. J. (1984). Newspaper language and readers’ perceptions of news events. Newspaper Research Journal, 5, 1-11.
GivÓn, T. (1983). Topic continuity in spoken English. In T. A., GivÓn (Ed), Topic continuity in discourse: a quantitative cross-language study (pp.343-363). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1975). Bad News. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hirschberg, J & Litmaw, D. (1993). Empirical studies on the disambiguation of cue phrases. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/980000/972490/p501-hirschberg.pdf?key1=972490&key2=2920857021&coll=GUIDE&dl=&CFID=62750166&CFTOKEN=51356687
H, J.H. & P, H.H. (2002). Focus and the basic function of Chinese existential You-sentences. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from
ctlhpan.cityu.edu.hk/haihuapan/paper/Existential-1.doc
Hsin, A.L. (2002). On Indefinite Subject NPs in Chinese. Retrieved July 4, 2009, from ccs.ncl.edu.tw/Chinese_studies_20_2/353_376.pdf
Labov, W., & J. Waletzky. (1967). "Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience," Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, J. Helms, (ed.) 12-44. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Labov, William. (1972). "The Transformation of Experience in Narrative Syntax," Language in the Inner City. 354-396. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Lanson, G & Stephens, M. (1994). Writing & reporting the news (2nd ed.). NY/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Liu, Y.C. (2001). Coherence and cohesion in news-writing: An exploratory study. Unpublished master thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Keeble, R. (2006). The newspapers handbook (4th ed.). London/ New York: Routledge
McCarthy, M. (2002). Discourse analysis for language teachers. (13th ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meinhof, U.H. (1994). Double talk in news broadcasts. In Graddol, D. and Boyd-Barrett, O. (eds.), Media text: Author and readers (pp. 212-223). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Mencher, M. (1997). News reporting and writing (7th ed.). Brown & Benchmark Publishers.
Niu, L. G. (2005). The tabloidization and it`s gatekeeping process of TV news. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ochs, E. (1997). Narrative. In T.A., van Dijk (ed.) Discourse as structure and process (pps. 185-207). London: Sage Publications.
Oliveira, M. (2000). Prosodic features in spontaneous narratives. Retrieved February 20, from http://64.233.179.104/scholar?hl=zh-TW&lr=&q=cache:IQDh7gmQGQsJ:www.oliveira.tripod.com/pdf/thesis.pdf+prosodic+features,+spontaneous+narrative+structure
Östman, J. O. (1999). Coherence through understanding through discourse patterns: Focus on news reports. In Bublitz et al. (Eds), Coherence in Spoken and Written Discourse (pp.77-100). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
Qin, Y. W. (1998). Narrative structure in spoken Mandarin—A preliminary study. Unpublished mater thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Stephens, M. (1993). Broadcast news (3rd ed.). New York: New Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Thompson, R. (2005). Writing for broadcast journalists. New York: Routedge.
Toolan, M. (2001). Narrative: A critical linguistic introduction (2nd ed.). London/NY: Routedge.
Thornborrow, J. & Fitzgerald, R. (2004). Storying the news through category, action, and reason. The communication review, 7, 345-352
Tomlin, R. S. (1987). Linguistic reflections of cognitive events. In R.S. Tomlin (Ed.), Coherence and grounding in discourse (pp.455-479). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
van Dijk, T. A. (1985a). Structures of news in the press. In T. A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse and communication: New approaches to the analysis of mass media discourse and communication (pp. 69-93). Berlin: Water de Gruyter.
van Dijk, T. A. (1985). Semantic discourse analysis. In T.A. van Dijk (Ed.), Handbook of discourse analysis, vol. 2: Dimensions of discourse. (pp. 103-136). London: Academic Press.
van Dijk, T. A. (1987). Episodic models in discourse processing. In Horowitz, R. & Samuels, S. J. (Eds.), Comprehending oral and written language (pp.161-196). CA: Academic Press.
van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News as discourse. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
van Dijk, T.A. & Kintsch, W. (1983). Strategies of discourse comprehension. New York: Academic Press.
White, T. (1996). Broadcast news writing, reporting, and producing (2nd ed.). Boston: Focal Press.
White, P. (1997). Death, disruption and the moral order: the narrative impulse in mass-media ‘hard news’ reporting. In Frances, Christie & J.R. Martin (eds.), Genre and institutions: Social processes in the workplace and school (pp.101-133). London; Washington: Cassell.
Wang, Y.F. & Tsai, B. H. (2005). Hao in spoken Chinese discourse:
relevance and coherence. Language Sciences, 27, 215-243
Yang, T.Y. (2006). The visual production of television news programs: A comparison between ethical codes and photo journalists` practices. Unpublished master thesis, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yorker, I. (2000). Television news (4th ed.). Boston: Focal Press.
Yu, H.Y. (1990). Connectives in Chinese narrative discourse. Unpublished master thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hong, S.S. (2008). The semantic classification of compound sentences in modern Chinese and the pedagogical application of correlative connectors—using Er as an illustrative example. Unpublished master thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
李利國，黃淑敏譯（1997）。《當代新聞採訪與寫作》。台北：周知。
鍾蔚文（1992）。《從媒介真實到主觀真實：看新聞，怎麼看？看到什麼？》。台北：正中。
王洪鈞（1989）。《新聞採訪學》。台北：正中。
張裕亮主編、趙莒玲、張家琪、杜聖聰等著 (2007)。《新聞採訪與寫作》。台北：三民 |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
94555006
98 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094555006 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 500601.pdf | 868Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1733 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
