政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/38523
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造访人次 : 50977855      在线人数 : 920
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38523


    题名: 日本海外直接投資之研究-以1994年至2007年為例-
    Studies on Japanese foreign direct investment:1994~2007
    作者: 蔡嘉惠
    贡献者: 劉德海
    蔡嘉惠
    关键词: 海外直接投資
    兼併
    跨國公司
    比較利益
    貿易與投資的替代效應
    日期: 2008
    上传时间: 2010-04-09 10:01:25 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 日本為東北亞地區的主要國家，自二次大戰後受限於和平憲法規定，被迫禁止硬權力的發展；為求國力發展，日本以戰後重建、恢復經濟、繁榮富裕的和平原則，成為經濟大國。而日本海外直接投資（FDI）在對外經濟活動中所佔比例極重，不僅對日本經濟發展貢獻良多，在日本對外關係中也扮演重要角色；透過海外的大量投資、專業技術的把持，使得日本在國際關係中扮演舉足輕重的角色，而80年代末東亞地區盛行的雁行模式，便是由日本海外企業投資所主導。
    日本在國際關係上，向來為美國最重要也最忠實的伙伴；缺乏自衛武力的日本，在冷戰背景下，受到美國核傘的保護，並於國際事務上追隨美國的全球戰略，並以此原則確立冷戰時期日美外交事務的基軸。在吉田主義的指導原則下，日本致力於經濟復甦，而美國則扶持日本作為其戰略伙伴、大力支持日本經濟發展，並開放美國市場，協助日本產品進入美國。
    隨著日本經濟日漸發展，日美貿易產生順差，而後發展為日美貿易摩擦，最後在美國的壓力下，日本於1985年簽訂廣場協議，逼迫日幣升值；受到匯率的影響，日圓不斷升值，在1985年至1996年間，日幣對美圓的比例由250：1遽升為87：1。日幣的升值固然在國際上削弱日本產品的競爭力，但美元的相對貶值，卻造成日本的資本輸出熱潮。從1986年至1991年，日本的海外投資總額達4000億美元，成為全球最大的海外直接投資輸出國。1985年後，日商公司開始大量購買美國企業，或在美國開設工廠，日商公司的瘋狂收購行動，也引起美國民眾的恐慌。而此時期的日本企業因缺乏海外投資經驗，在資訊不明、非理性決策模式下大量收購收購美國資產，導致日商在期貨、地產等行業的損失慘重。
    本文將日本海外直接投資的研究範圍設定在1994年至2007年，主要是因為此時期的FDI不同於80年代末期的日本對美投資；不同於以往海外投資失敗的經驗，日本企業將國內失去比較利益的產業外移至其他工資低廉、生產成本較低的開發中國家，為貿易取向的海外投資。而日商企業至歐美等先進國家的投資，則是著眼於當地市場，為市場導向投資。隨著不同時期重大事件的發生，日商企業微調自己在全球佈局的戰略方向：NAFTA的成立，促使日本跨國公司加快前往墨西哥投資的腳步、亞洲金融風暴雖然重創該區開發中國家的經濟，但卻增強亞洲產品的競爭力，鑑於對亞洲開發中國家的經濟成長潛力與未來市場發展，日商企業依舊苦撐在此地區的生產據點、中國低廉的勞工成本則是吸引日商投資，造成熱潮、隨著中國經濟發展，工資相對於越南、印度提高，使得日商企業思考中國以外的投資熱點、由於印度等金磚四國的崛起，日商的投資觸角也延伸至南亞地區。
    在全球化的浪潮下，日本的海外投資已不再是單向行為，不僅影響與地主國間的經貿關係，也牽動著第三國的貿易活動：日本對中國的直接投資佔中美貿易順差絕大比例，透過對中國直接投資，將產品出口至美國，日商企業藉著中國的低廉工資降低生產成本，也縮減日美貿易順差，將此缺口部分轉移至中美順差。產品所標示的「中國製造」標籤，只能說明產品的最後製造地為中國，但生產資本投入、中間財與獲利企業可能是來自於不同國家。
    2008年自美國掀起之世界金融海嘯，較1997年亞洲金融風暴、2001年IT產業泡沫化更加嚴重，普遍造成全球國家景氣衰退、企業獲利短缺，在一片悲觀的氛圍下，仍有日商企業於海外投資活動中獲利。這些企業與眾不同的地方，正是在金融海嘯下生存的關鍵；日商企業的研發能力與不斷求新、求進步的活力，更是台灣企業值得借鏡的地方。


    關鍵詞：海外直接投資（FDI）、兼併（M&A）、跨國公司、比較利益、貿易與投資的替代效應。
    參考文獻: 壹、 中文專書
    陶秦（民78）。投資美國：外資如何改變美國面貌。（周天瑋 譯）。台北市：天下叢書。
    貳、 中文期刊
    卜木（民94）。2005年日本海外直接投資問卷調查結果。當代亞太，12，57-58。
    王莉（民95）。美、日對外直接投資產業選擇的比較與我國的思路。經濟縱橫，3，58-79。
    王偉軍（民97）。日本對印投資熱的特點及影響。日本學刊雜誌社，91-100。
    刑予青、萬廣華（民95）。中國應該讓人民幣升值嗎？分析匯率對外國直接投資的影響。經濟學季刊，5（2），293-306。
    李理（民94）。日本對外直接投資的新變化與前景展望。經濟研究，12，33-38。
    周華（民95）。匯率水平、匯率波動與國際直接投資。全國商情，10，91-95。
    徐松（民94）。美日跨國公司對外直接投資比較。財貿研究，頁29-33。
    馬文秀（民96）。日本對外直接投資緩解日美貿易摩擦的效果及其啟示。日本問題研究，4，6-11。
    馬海（民93）。日本與歐美對外直接投資理論之比較。日本問題研究。
    葉琳（民97）。日本經濟、中日關係與東亞合作研討會總述。日本學刊雜誌社，152-156。
    楊亞沙（民97）。日本對外直接投資相關問題再認識。世界經濟，3，59-63。
    劉昌黎（民91）。日本對外直接投資的衰退及其前景展望。當代亞太，6，23-29。
    劉昌黎。（民94）。日本對外直接投資的新衰退與新動向、新特點。現代日本經濟，3，1-5。
    劉昌黎（民96）。日本對外直接投資的新發展與海外經營的新動向，東北亞論壇，106-112。
    聞云鳳、楊來科（民98）。日本在華直接投資對中美貿易平衡的影響。發表於《華東師範大學商學院》。http://61.138.111.246/xxzx/pages/pagelist.jsp?id=15006
    羅忠洲（民95）。匯率波動與對外直接投資：1972～2002年的日本。世界經濟研究，4，30-35。
    蘇杭（民97）。日本的貿易投資立國戰略探析。日本學刊雜誌社，152-156。
    參、 中文政府出版品
    林冠汝。中華民國經濟部，國內外經濟情勢分析，民國89年12月，「長期不景氣後日本對外投資政策及策略變化之研究」。
    李政達。中華民國經濟部投資業務處，「淺析外人直接投資之國際投資規範趨勢」，經濟情勢暨評論季刊，第四卷第一期 87年5月
    http://www.moea.gov.tw/~ecobook/cynex/sac22.htm
    瞿大文。中華民國經濟部投資業務處，OECD多邊貿易協定及其諮商進展，經濟情勢暨評論季刊，第四卷第一期 民國87年5月
    http://www.moea.gov.tw/~ecobook/cynex/sac15.htm
    中華民國經濟部國貿局，「NAFTA成立六年後對美、墨、加三國貿易、投資、總體經濟及產業發展之影響」，民國93年3月。
    中華民國行政院，前進中南美洲產業布局推動小組（榮邦計畫），「CAFTA-DR對中美洲經濟之影響與對我國之經濟意涵」，民國95年4月。
    http://goca.cepd.gov.tw/attachment_file/pdf_1024/complete.pdf
    肆、 研討會文章
    金寶瑜（2002），北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)簽訂後的九年。論文發表於關注全球化資訊中心主辦之「關注全球化資訊中心」專題討論會，台北。
    Sarah Anderson（2002），北美自由貿易區的經驗與教訓，論文發表於關注全球化資訊中心主辦之「關注全球化資訊中心」專題討論會，台北。
    伍、 中文報紙
    FDI顯著下滑，投資吸引不容樂觀（2009，5月15日），南方都市報。取自http://epaper.nddaily.com/D/html/2009-05/15/content_792149.htm
    中美貿易失衡問題（2006，4月17日）。華夏經緯網。取自
    http://hk.huaxia.com/zt/tbgz/06-011/516483.html
    陸、 西文專書
    Amin, Ash, ed. Post-Fordism: A Reader. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 1994.
    Casey, William L. Jr. Beyond the Numbers: Foreign Direct Investment in the United State. London: Jai Press, 1998.
    D. Larison, Thomas, and David Skidmore. International Political Economy: the Struggle for Power and Wealth. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1997. 2nd ed.
    Dunning, John H, and Rajneesh Narula ed. Foreign Direct Investment and Governments: Catalysts for Economic Restructuring. New York: Routledge, 1996.
    Graham, Edward M, and Panl R. Krugman. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. 3rd ed. Washington: Institute for International Economics, 1995.
    Hackmann, Rolf. U.S. Trade, Foreign Direct Investments, and Global Competitiveness. New York: International Business Press, 1997.
    Kojima, Kiyoshi. Japanese Direct Foreign Investment: A Model of Multinational Business Operations. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1978.
    Moosa, Imad A. Foreign Direct Investment Theory, Evidence, and Practice. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2002.
    Oatley, Thomas. International Political Economy: Interests and Institutions in the Global Economy. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2006.
    O’Brien, Robert, and Marc Williams. Global Political Economy: Evolution and Dynamics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
    Ravenhill, John. Global Political Economy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
    Wallace, Cynthia Day, ed. Foreign Direct Investment in the 1990s: A New Climate in the Third World. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990.
    柒、 西文期刊
    Dennis, Benjamin N., Christopher A. Laincz, and Lei Zhu. (2008). Which Exchange Rates Matter for FDI? Evidence for Japan. Southern Economic Journal, 75(1), 50-68.
    Ito, Keiko, and Kyoji Fukao. (2005). Foreign Direct Investment and Trade in Japan: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Establishment and Enterprise Census for 1996. Journal of the Japanese and International Economics 19, 414-455.
    Kojima, k. (1985). Japanese and American Direct Investment in Asia: A Comparative Analysis. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 26, 1-35.
    Mundell, Robert A. (1957). International Trade and the Factor Mobility. American Economic Review, 47, 321-35.
    Rhyu, Sang-young, and Seungjoo Lee. (2006). Changing Dynamics in Korea-Japan Economic Relations: Policy Ideas and Development Strategies. Asian Survey, 46, 195-214.
    Seo, Jung Soo, and Chung-Sok Suh. (2006). An Analysis of Home Country Trade Effects of Outward Foreign Direct Investment. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 23(2), 160 – 170.
    Zou, Shaoming, Charles R. Taylor, and Gregory E. Osland. (2000). Foreign Market Entry Strategies of Japanese MNCs. International Marketing Review, 17, 146-166.
    捌、 西文政府出版品
    Bank of Japan, BOJ, International Department, Reports & Research Papers, Japan’s International Investment Position at Year-End 2007, August 2008
    Japan Bank for International Cooperation, JBIC. Commentary: Trends of Japanese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Fiscal 1999 (Immediate Report). JBIC Review No.2. November 2000.
    Japan Bank for International Cooperation, JBIC. Survey Report on Overseas Business Operation by Japanese Manufacturing Companies -Results of JBIC FY2003 Survey: Outlook for Japanese Foreign Direct Investment (15th Annual Survey). JBICI Review No.9. July 2004.
    Japan Bank for International Cooperation, JBIC. Survey Report on Overseas Business Operation by Japanese Manufacturing Companies -Results of JBIC FY2008 Survey: Outlook for Japanese Foreign Direct Investment (20th Annual Survey). Nov. 2008.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Survey on International Operations of Japanese Firms (FY 2008), March 23, 2009.
    Customs & Tariff Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. Japan’s Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), May 30, 2008.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Japanese-Affiliated Manufacturers in Asia, March 2003.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2002 Survey of Japanese Manufacturers in Asia, May 2003.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. JETRO White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment 2002, Growth in Global Foreign Direct Investment Slows (Summary), 2002.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. JETRO White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment 2001, Accelerated Corporate Realignment through Mergers and Acquisitions (Summary), 2001.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. JETRO White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment 2000, FDI Inflows to Japan Double (Summary), 2000.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2008 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment, Japanese Economy Headed for Globalization both Domestically and Abroad, 2008.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2007 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment, Increasing Utilization of Asian FTAs and Growth Strategies for Japanese Companies, 2007.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2006 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment (Summary), 2006.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2005 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment (Summary), 2005.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2004 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment (Summary), 2004.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2003 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment (Summary), 2003.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. 2002 JETRO White Paper on International Trade and Investment (Summary), 2002.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. FY2006 Survey of Japanese Firms’ International Operations”, 2007.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Expanding Japanese Presence In East Asia Reflects Shift to Offshore Production. Working Paper No.1. January 2004.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Japanese FDI Rises Between April and September 2003. 2004.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Business Conditions of Japanese Manufacturers in the U.S. (2006 Survey). March 2007.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. North America Division, Overseas Research Department. Summary of the Result of 2008 JETRO Survey on Business Conditions of Japanese Companies in the U.S. and Canada- Japanese Companies’ Business Confidence is the worst in the past 17 years in the U.S. October 2008.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Japanese Manufacturing Plants in the U.S.: JETRO’S Annual Survey 2002. February 2003.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO Working Paper No.1. Expanding Japanese Presence In East Asia Reflects Shift To Offshore Production. January 15, 2004.
    Japan External Trade Organization, JETRO. Focus Newsletter. Japan Views Green Energy As Essential For Global Economic Recovery. March 2009.
    Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI. Summary of the achievements of the Japan-U.S. Working Group on Investments, December 2001.
    Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI. Summaryof the 38th Survey on Overseas Business Activities, July 2008.
    Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI. White Paper on International Economy and Trade 2007, July 2007
    Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI. White Paper on International Economy and Trade 2009, June 2009.
    U.S. Congressional Research Service, CRS Report for Congress, Foreign Direct Investment: Current Issues, April 2007
    U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Assessing Trends and Policies of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, July 2008
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2007 Report, June 2002.
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2008 Report, July 2003.
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2004 Report, June 2004.
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2005 Report, June 2005.
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2006 Report, June 2006.
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2007 Report, June 2007.
    U.S. Dept. of States, U.S-Japan Economic Partnership for Growth United States-Japan Investment 2008 Report, July 2008.
    玖、 國際組織出版品
    “Balance of Payments Manual: Fifth Edition.” International Monetary Fund, 1993.
    “Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Final Results From the 1997 Benchmark Survey.” US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2001.
    “Foreign Direct Investment and APEC Economic Integration.” Singapore: APEC Economic Committee, 1995.
    “Detailed Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment: Third Edition.” Paris: Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development, 1996.
    Press Release, “Global FDI flows in 1st quarter of 2009, UNCTAD data show: prospects remain low for rest of year”. United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD. 24 June 2009.
    Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009. World Economic Forum, WEF. 8 October 2008.
    World Investment Report 1996: Investment, Trade and International Policy Arrangements.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD. August 1996.
    World Investment Report 1997: Transnational Corporations, Market Structure and Competition Policy.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July 1997.
    World Investment Report 1998: Trends and Determinants.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, August 1998.
    World Investment Report 1999: Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of Development.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July, 1999.
    World Investment Report 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July, 2000.
    World Investment Report 2001: Promoting Linkages.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July, 2001.
    World Investment Report 2002: Transnational Corporations and Export Competitiveness.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July, 2002.
    World Investment Report 2003: FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July, 2003.
    World Investment Report 2004: The Shift Towards Services.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, July, 2004.
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. World Investemnt Report 2006: FDI from Developing and Transition Economies, Implications for Development. July 2006.
    World Investment Report 2008: Transnational Corporations, and the Infrastructure Challenge.” New York: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD, 2008.
    壹拾、 網路資料
    行政院大陸委員會 http://www.mac.gov.tw/
    International Monetary Fund, IMF. http://www.imf.org/
    Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development, OECD.
    http://www.oecd.org
    Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI.
    http://www.meti.go.jp/
    日本統計局http://www.stat.go.jp/
    日本外務省 http://www.mofa.go.jp/
    中國人民銀行 http://www.pbc.gov.cn/
    U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, BEA. http://www.bea.gov/
    U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. http://www.fas.usda.gov/
    United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, UNCTAD
    http://www.unctad.org
    Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN. http://www.aseansec.org/
    洪財隆，「自由貿易協定的投資規範與FDI效應」。2006年12月15日。
    http://blog.udn.com/teddy5422/2751765
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    92253014
    97
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530141
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[外交學系] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 描述 大小格式浏览次数
    53014101.pdf1214KbAdobe PDF21607检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈