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    Title: 從重商主義到自由貿易-英國航海法與穀物法的政治經濟分析
    Authors: 朱雯琪
    Chu, Wen-chi
    Contributors: 何思因
    Ho, Szu-yin
    朱雯琪
    Chu, Wen-chi
    Keywords: 重商主義
    自由貿易
    航海法
    穀物法
    反穀物法聯盟
    穀物法聯盟
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-19 15:43:29 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文主要以制度為分析架構，討論英國在1651年航海法通過，以及1846年穀物法廢除的因素。主要是從國際經濟情勢的改變如何影響到國內利益團體的互動，以及國內利益團體的互動，以及包含利益團體在內的制度性因素如何影響到政策的產出。以航海法和穀物法作為研究的個案。
    當國際間的經濟情勢勢必會影響到一國的國家利益，此時國家最緊要的方針就是制定對自己有利的經濟政策，向來有貿易自由化和重商主義兩種選擇。但是這種政策的抉擇是考量國內與國際因素後所做出的決定，也就是國際關係學者所稱的雙層博奕(two levels game)。就國內的因素而言，政策的制定往往是國內社會經濟制度和政治制度交互影響的結果。
    本文研究發現，1651航海法通過時，英國處於國際經濟情勢上的劣勢，因此對於主政者而言，經濟上的保護主義對英國才是有好處的，加上當時英國國王與商人之間特殊的依存關係，國際政治上現實主義的氛圍，使得重商主義成為當時的必然。在實施以航海法為主的重商主義之後，英國開始超越荷蘭，成為歐洲第一經濟強國，此時以重商主義為主的政策反過來影響國內的制度。
    18世紀英國開始轉強，國內出現了新的工商團體還有新的政治思潮。這些社會經濟制度的轉變使得新的利益團體逐漸要求政治上的權力。透過公共制度的變化，國會逐漸分享國王的權力，使得重商主義政策變得窒礙難行，貿易自由化成為當時英國最有利的選擇，首當其衝的是穀物法的廢除。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治研究所
    90252015
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902520151
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Political Science] Theses

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