政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/152882

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/152882

English | 正體中文 | 简体中文 | Post-Print筆數 : 27 | 全文筆數/總筆數 : 113485/144472 (79%)
造訪人次 : 51389739 線上人數 : 185

RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.

搜尋範圍

查詢小技巧：

您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號"，以獲取較精準的檢索結果

若欲以作者姓名搜尋，建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位，可獲得較完整資料

進階搜尋

主頁 ‧ 登入 ‧ 上傳 ‧ 說明 ‧ 關於政大典藏 ‧ 管理

到手機版

政大機構典藏 > 傳播學院 > 國際傳播英語碩士學程 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/152882

請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152882

題名:	國際災難新聞中的道德框架對利社會行為影響之研究：以台灣閱聽眾觀看利比亞洪水網路新聞為例 The impacts of perceived morality frames on prosocial behavior in international disaster news: A case study of Taiwanese audiences consuming news about the Libya Floods
作者:	鄭惠文 Cheng, Hui-Wen
貢獻者:	韓義興 Han, Yi-Hsing 鄭惠文 Cheng, Hui-Wen
關鍵詞:	框架效果道德基礎同理心認知同理心情感同理心利社會行為意圖 Framing Moral foundation Empathy Cognitive empathy Affective empathy Prosocial behavior intention
日期:	2024
上傳時間:	2024-08-05 14:36:34 (UTC+8)
摘要:	關心災難新聞中的受害者是人之常情，即使事件發生在遙遠的地區，閱聽眾也能感知並做出行動回應。透過不同的框架呈現的災難新聞能引發閱聽眾的同理心並促進利社會行為 (Hornstein et al., 1975; Beyerlein & Sikkink, 2008)。在 Graham et al. (2009) 所提出的五種道德基礎中，閱聽眾對傷害/關懷和公平/互惠這兩種道德框架較為敏感。不過這些框架對閱聽眾的影響仍不明確。因此，本研究旨在探討道德框架如何影響閱聽眾的同理心和利社會行為。本研究採用單因素組間實驗設計（道德框架：傷害/關懷; 公平/互惠），以2023年利比亞洪患為背景，針對台灣閱聽眾進行研究。研究共招募460名有效參與者，隨機分配到兩組道德框架中，其中240人為傷害/關懷框架，220人為公平/互惠框架。研究結果顯示，兩種類型的感知道德均與利社會行為意圖正相關，但傷害/關懷框架比公平/互惠框架更能引發強烈的利社會行為意圖。此外，同理心在感知道德與利社會行為意圖之間起中介作用，其中認知同理心比情感同理心具有更強的中介效果。本研究對框架理論的應用及未來研究方向提出了建議。 Disaster news can elicit audience empathy and prompt prosocial behavior in responding to distant events by applying different frames (Hornstein et al., 1975; Beyerlein & Sikkink, 2008). Among the five moral foundations proposed by Graham et al. (2009), audiences are particularly sensitive to the harm/care and fairness/reciprocity frame (Huang et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2020). However, it remains unclear about their framing effect. This study aims to explore how morality frames affect audience empathy and prosocial behavior. This study applied a single factor between-subjects experimental design (morality frame: harm/care vs. fairness/reciprocity) in the context of Libya floods in 2023, focusing on Taiwanese (Alkhshali et al., 2023; Fleming, 2023). A total of 460 eligible participants were recruited online and randomly assigned to one of the conditions, resulting in 240 participants in the harm/care condition and 220 in the fairness/reciprocity condition. The findings suggest that both types of perceived morality are positively related to prosocial behavior intention, with the perceived harm/care foundation eliciting stronger prosocial behavior intention than the perceived fairness/reciprocity foundation. Additionally, empathy mediates the relationship between perceived morality and prosocial behavior intention, with cognitive empathy emerging as a stronger mediator than affective empathy. Implications for framing theory and suggestions for future studies are presented.
參考文獻:	Agerström, J., & Björklund, F. (2009). Temporal distance and moral concerns: Future morally questionable behavior is perceived as more wrong and evokes stronger prosocial intentions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530802659885 Alam, H. A., & Haq, S. N. (2023, February 16). Three survivors pulled alive from earthquake rubble in Turkey, more than 248 hours after quake. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/16/europe/turkey-syria-earthquake-rescue-efforts-intl/index.html Alatrash, I. (2023, November 15). Two months after flood in Libya’s Derna, mental anguish still takes lives. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/15/two-months-after-flood-in-libyas-derna-mental-anguish-still-takes-lives Alkhshali, H., Salem, M., Damanhoury, K. E., & Alkhaldi, C. (2023, September 13). More than 5,000 presumed dead in Libya after “catastrophic” flooding breaks dams and sweeps away homes. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/11/africa/libya-flooding-storm-daniel-climate-intl/index.html Amormino, P., Ploe, M. L., & Marsh, A. A. (2022). Moral foundations, values, and judgments in extraordinary altruists. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26418-1 Andersson, P. A., Erlandsson, A., Västfjäll, D., & Tinghög, G. (2020). Prosocial and moral behavior under decision reveal in a public environment. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 87, 101561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2020.101561 Andrighetto, L., Vezzali, L., Bergamini, G., Nadi, C., & Giovannini, D. (2016). Inside the earthquake: Perceived disaster exposure and helping intentions among italian and immigrant victims of the 2012 italian earthquakes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 19(6), 753–768. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430215591040 Armineh Nourbakhsh, Li, Q., Liu, X., & Shah, S. (2017). “Breaking” disasters: Predicting and characterizing the global news value of natural and man-made disasters. ArXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.02510 Avdeyeva, T. V., Burgetova, K., & Welch, I. D. (2006). To help or not to help? Factors that determined helping responses to Katrina victims. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6(1), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2006.00113.x Aydinli, A., Bender, M., Chasiotis, A., Cemalcilar, Z., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2014). When does self-reported prosocial motivation predict helping? The moderating role of implicit prosocial motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 38(5), 645–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9411-8 Bailey, P. E., Henry, J. D., & Von Hippel, W. (2008). Empathy and social functioning in late adulthood. Aging & Mental Health, 12(4), 499–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802224243 Batson, C. D. (2014). The Altruism Question Toward A Social-psychological Answer. Psychology Press. Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., & Birch, K. (1981). Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(2), 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.2.290 Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imaging how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(7), 751–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297237008 Batson, C. D., Lishner, D. A., Cook, J., & Sawyer, S. (2005). Similarity and nurturance: Two possible sources of empathy for strangers. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2701_2 Batson, C. D., & Moran, T. (1999). Empathy-induced altruism in a prisoner’s dilemma. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(7), 909–924. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199911)29:7%3C909::aid-ejsp965%3E3.0.co;2-l Batson, C. D., & Powell, A. A. (2003). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In Personality and social psychology. Wiley. Beadle, J. N., & de la Vega, C. E. (2019). Impact of aging on empathy: Review of psychological and neural mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(331). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00331 Bekkers, R., & Ottoni‐Wilhelm, M. (2016). Principle of care and giving to help people in need. European Journal of Personality, 30(3), 240–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2057 Bénabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2004). Incentives and prosocial behavior. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.639043 Berglez, P. (2008). What is global journalism? Theoretical and empirical conceptualisations. Journalism Studies, 9(6), 845–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700802337727 Beyerlein, K., & Sikkink, D. (2008). Sorrow and solidarity: Why americans volunteered for 9/11 relief efforts. Social Problems, 55(2), 190–215. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2008.55.2.190 Borah, P. (2009). Comparing Visual Framing in Newspapers: Hurricane Katrina versus Tsunami. Newspaper Research Journal, 30(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290903000106 Bradley, D. T., McFarland, M., & Clarke, M. (2014). The effectiveness of disaster risk communication: A systematic review of intervention studies. PLoS Currents. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.349062e0db1048bb9fc3a3fa67d8a4f8 Brasini, M., Vecchio, S. D., Gregni, E., Casali, C., Mira, F., Capuano, N., Questa, V., Giacomantonio, M., & Mancini, F. (2018). Fairness is a more effective interpersonal motive than care for sustaining prosocial behaviour. Psychology, 09(06), 1426–1443. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.96087 Brown, C. L., West, T. V., Sanchez, A. H., & Mendes, W. B. (2020). Emotional empathy in the social regulation of distress: A dyadic approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(6), 1004–1019. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220953987 Carlo, G. (2006). Care-based and altruistically based morality. In Handbook of moral development (pp. 551–579). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014033032440 Chang , C., Huang, L., Lai , Y., & Yang, E. (2024). Two bodies retrieved, three more found on Shakadang Trail one week post-quake. Focus Taiwan - CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404100021 Chapman, M., Zahn-Waxler, C., Cooperman, G., & Iannotti, R. (1987). Empathy and responsibility in the motivation of children’s helping. Developmental Psychology, 23(1), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.140 Chen, S. (2020, April 2). Taiwan to donate 10 million masks to countries hit hardest by coronavirus. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/taiwan-donate-10-million-masks-countries-hit-hardest/story?id=69918187 Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). A theory of framing and opinion formation in competitive elite environments. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00331.x Cialdini, R. B., Kenrick, D. T., & Baumann, D. P. (1982). Effects of mood on prosocial behavior in children and adults. Elsevier EBooks, 339–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-234980-5.50018-3 Cikara, M., Bruneau, E. G., & Saxe, R. R. (2011). Us and them: Intergroup failures of empathy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(3), 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411408713 Coke, J. S., Batson, C. D., & McDavis, K. (1978). Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 752–766. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.752 Crockett, M. J., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Siegel, J. Z., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). Harm to others outweighs harm to self in moral decision making. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(48), 17320–17325. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408988111 Cutler, J., Nitschke, J. P., Lamm, C., & Lockwood, P. L. (2021). Older adults across the globe exhibit increased prosocial behavior but also greater in-group preferences. Nature Aging, 1(10), 880–888. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00118-3 Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. Dawson, S. L., & Tyson, G. (2012). Will Morality or Political Ideology Determine Attitudes to Climate Change. 24(2), 8–25. Decety, J., Bartal, I. B.-A., Uzefovsky, F., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2016). Empathy as a driver of prosocial behaviour: highly conserved neurobehavioural mechanisms across species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1686), 20150077. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0077 Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014). The complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 337–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.008 Depow, G. J., Francis, Z., & Inzlicht, M. (2021). The experience of empathy in everyday life. Psychological Science, 32(8), 1198–1213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621995202 Dickert, S., Sagara, N., & Slovic, P. (2010). Affective motivations to help others: A two-stage model of donation decisions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 24(4), 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.697 Duan, C., & Hill, C. E. (1996). The current state of empathy research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.3.261 Dymond, R. F. (1949). A scale for the measurement of empathic ability. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 13(2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061728 Ece Özlem Atikcan, & Hand, K. E. (2023). Moral framing and referendum politics: Navigating the empathy battlefield. Political Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12921 Echols, S., & Correll, J. (2011). It’s more than skin deep: Empathy and helping behavior across social groups. The MIT Press EBooks, 55–71. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262016612.003.0004 Eisenberg, N. (1983). Children’s differentiations among potential recipients of aid. Child Development, 54(3), 594. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130046 Eisenberg, N., Guthrie, I. K., Cumberland, A., Murphy, B. C., Shepard, S. A., Zhou, Q., & Carlo, G. (2002). Prosocial development in early adulthood: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 993–1006. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.993 Eisenberg, N., & Lennon, R. (1983). Sex differences in empathy and related capacities. Psychological Bulletin, 94(1), 100–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.100 Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101(1), 91–119. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.101.1.91 Eisenberg, N., & Strayer, J. (1990). Empathy and its development. Cambridge University Press. Eisenberg, N., & Valiente, C. (2019). Parenting and children’s prosocial and moral development. In Handbook of Parenting Volume 5: The Practice of Parenting (pp. 111–142). Routledge. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. Entman, R. M. (1994). Representation and reality in the portrayal of blacks on network television news. Journalism Quarterly, 71(3), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100303 Everett, J. A. C., Faber, N. S., & Crockett, M. J. (2015). The influence of social preferences and reputational concerns on intergroup prosocial behaviour in gains and losses contexts. Royal Society Open Science, 2(12), 150546. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150546 Everington, K. (2023, February 15). Taiwan team rescue man in Turkey 198 hours after quake. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/4810574 Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2013). The moral roots of environmental attitudes. Psychological Science, 24(1), 56–62. Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2015). From gulf to bridge: When do moral arguments facilitate political influence? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(12), 1665–1681. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215607842 Feshbach, N. D., & Roe, K. (1968). Empathy in six- and seven-year-olds. Child Development, 39(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127365 Feygina, I., Jost, J. T., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2009). System justification, the denial of global warming, and the possibility of “system-sanctioned change.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(3), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209351435 Fishbein, M. (1967). Attitude and prediction of behavior. In Readings in attitude theory and measurement. New York, Wiley. Fleming, L. (2023, September 12). Libya floods: Entire neighbourhoods dragged into the sea. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66785466 Franks, S. (2008). Getting into bed with charity. British Journalism Review, 19(3), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956474808097346 Frey, B. S., & Meier, S. (2004). Pro-social behavior in a natural setting. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 54(1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2003.10.001 Friesen, A. (2019). Generational change? The effects of family, age, and time on moral foundations. The Forum, 17(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1515/for-2019-0005 Fuchs, C. (2014). Freedom, fried: Why Taiwanese are getting fed up with the island’s salacious, in-your-face media. Foreign Policy Magazine. https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/02/21/freedom-fried/ Galea, S., Nandi, A., & Vlahov, D. (2005). The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiologic Reviews, 27(1), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxi003 Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the congo, cuba and cyprus crises in four norwegian newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), 64–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336500200104 Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37. Ghosh, P. (2023, February 10). Turkey earthquake: Where did it hit and why was it so deadly? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64540696 Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice : psychological theory and women’s development. Harvard University Press. Gilmartin, P., & Lloyd, R. (1991). The effects of map projections and map distance on emotional involvement with places. The Cartographic Journal, 28(2), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1179/000870491787859241 Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching : Mass media in the making & unmaking of the new left (p. 7). University of California Press. Gladstein, G. A. (1983). Understanding empathy: Integrating counseling, developmental, and social psychology perspectives. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30(4), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.30.4.467 Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807 Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience (p. 30). Boston Northeastern Univ. Press. Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47(47), 55–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4 Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015141 Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847 Guan, C. (2020). The lack of international perspective in Taiwan? United Daily News. https://udncollege.udn.com/3477/ Guéguen, N., & De Gail, M. (2003). The effect of smiling on helping behavior: Smiling and good samaritan behavior. Communication Reports, 16(2), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210309384496 Guo, X.-W. (2024). Yiming high school launches campaign aid Hualien disaster relief. Central News Agency. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202404240264.aspx Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize. Social Justice Research, 20(1), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2004). Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues. Daedalus, 133(4), 55–66. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027945 Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.613 Happé, F. G. E., Winner, E., & Brownell, H. (1998). The getting of wisdom: Theory of mind in old age. Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 358–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.2.358 Harcup, T., & O’Neill, D. (2017). What is News? Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1470–1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193 Hardy, S. A. (2006). Identity, reasoning, and emotion: An empirical comparison of three sources of moral motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9034-9 Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2020). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5 Hayes, A. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Journal of Educational Measurement, 51(3), 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12050 Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100 Hoffman, M. L. (1977). Sex differences in empathy and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 84(4), 712–722. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.712 Hoffman, M. L. (1982). Affect and moral development. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1982(16), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219821605 Hoffman, M. L. (1990). Empathy and justice motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 14(2), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00991641 Hoffman, M. L. (1993). The contribution of empathy to justice and moral judgment. Readings in Philosophy and Cognitive Science. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5782.003.0038 Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511805851 Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027580 Höijer, B. (2004). The discourse of global compassion: The audience and media reporting of human suffering. Media, Culture & Society, 26(4), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443704044215 Hoover, J., Johnson, K., Boghrati, R., Graham, J., & Dehghani, M. (2018). Moral framing and charitable donation: Integrating exploratory social media analyses and confirmatory experimentation. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.129 Hornstein, H. A., LaKind, E., Frankel, G., & Manne, S. (1975). Effects of knowledge about remote social events on prosocial behavior, social conception, and mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(6), 1038–1046. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.32.6.1038 Houston, J. B., Pfefferbaum, B., & Rosenholtz, C. E. (2012). Disaster news: Framing and frame changing in coverage of major U.S. natural disasters, 2000–2010. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(4), 606–623. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012456022 Hua, Y. (2020). On this day in history: 681 deaths caused by Typhoon Morakot. SET News Channel. https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8A%E5%A4%A9-%E5%85%AB%E5%85%AB%E9%A2%A8%E7%81%BD%E9%87%80681%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%A1-101531999.html Huang, J., Yang, J. Z., & Chu, H. (2022). Framing climate change impacts as moral violations: The pathway of perceived message credibility. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5210. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095210 Huang, L. Y. (2024, April 4). Hualien earthquake: 9 dead, 1038 injured, 96 trapped, 48 missing. Central News Agency. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202404040023.aspx Huang, Y. (2024, January 9). Taiwan donates over 150 million for Japan earthquake, netizens recall 3/11 with tears. Yahoo News. https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BC%B7%E9%9C%87-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%8D%90%E6%AC%BE%E7%A0%B41-5%E5%84%84-%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%B2%E6%86%B6311%E6%B7%9A-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A7%8B%E7%B5%82%E7%AC%AC-093012156.html Irarrázaval, L., & Kalawski, J. P. (2022). Phenomenological considerations on empathy and emotions in psychotherapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1000059 Jancenelle, V. E., & Javalgi, R. (Raj) G. (2018). The effect of moral foundations in prosocial crowdfunding. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 36(8), 932–951. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618793200 Joye, S. (2009). The hierarchy of global suffering. Journal of International Communication, 15(2), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2009.9674750 Juujärvi, S., Myyry, L., & Pesso, K. (2010). Does care reasoning make a difference? Relations between care, justice and dispositional empathy. Journal of Moral Education, 39(4), 469–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2010.521381 Kaur, R., & Sasahara, K. (2016). Quantifying moral foundations from various topics on Twitter conversations. https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2016.7840889 Keightley, M. L., Winocur, G., Burianova, H., Hongwanishkul, D., & Grady, C. L. (2006). Age effects on social cognition: Faces tell a different story. Psychology and Aging, 21(3), 558–572. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.558 Khalatian, P. (2023). Adult age, moral foundations, and moral stereotyping. Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects. https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/etd/1301 Khanjani, Z., Mosanezhad Jeddi, E., Hekmati, I., Khalilzade, S., Etemadi Nia, M., Andalib, M., & Ashrafian, P. (2015). Comparison of cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and social functioning in different age groups. Australian Psychologist, 50(1), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12099 Kim, H. J., & Cameron, G. T. (2011). Emotions matter in crisis: The role of anger and sadness in the publics’ response to crisis news framing and corporate crisis response. Communication Research, 38(6), 826–855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210385813 Kim, K., & Barnett, G. A. (1996). The determinants of international news flow. Communication Research, 23(3), 323–352. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023003004 Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of moral development : moral stages and the idea of justice. Harper & Row. Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. Harper & Row. Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Iyer, R., Ditto, P. H., & Haidt, J. (2012). Tracing the threads: How five moral concerns (especially Purity) help explain culture war attitudes. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(2), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.01.006 Kraus, M. W., & Callaghan, B. (2016). Social class and prosocial behavior: The moderating role of public versus private contexts. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(8), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616659120 Krevans, J., & Gibbs, J. C. (1996). Parents’ use of inductive discipline: Relations to children’s empathy and prosocial behavior. Child Development, 67(6), 3263. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131778 Lacetera, N., & Macis, M. (2010). Social image concerns and prosocial behavior: Field evidence from a nonlinear incentive scheme. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.08.007 Lai, Y., & Chao , Y. (2024). Donations for Hualien earthquake relief top NT$30 million. Focus Taiwan - CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404050006 Law, K. F., Campbell, D., & Gaesser, B. (2021). Biased benevolence: The perceived morality of effective altruism across social distance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 48(3), 014616722110027. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211002773 Lecheler, S., Bos, L., & Vliegenthart, R. (2015). The mediating role of emotions: News framing effects on opinions about immigration. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), 812–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015596338 Lee, J., Kang, D., & Kim, J. (2023). The auxiliary role of virtual reality in enhancing the effects of disaster news on empathy and fear: The mediating role of presence. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(4), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0243 Lee, S., Winterich, K. P., & Ross, W. T. (2014). I’m moral, but I won’t help you: The distinct roles of empathy and justice in donations. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), 678–696. https://doi.org/10.1086/677226 Leng, J., Guo, Q., Ma, B., Zhang, S., & Sun, P. (2020). Bridging personality and online prosocial behavior: The roles of empathy, moral identity, and social self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575053 Liou, G. (2023). Taiwan donates over 900 million NT dollars for Turkey earthquake relief. Central News Agency. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202302180222.aspx Loa , L., Mo , Y., & Shan, S. (2009). Morakot toll may surpass 500: officials. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2009/08/15/2003451170 Maclean, M. S., & Pinna, L. (1958). Distance and news interest: Scarperia, Italy. Journalism Quarterly, 35(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769905803500104 Marjanovic, Z., Struthers, C. W., & Greenglass, E. R. (2011). Who helps natural-disaster victims? Assessment of trait and situational predictors. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 12(1), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2011.01262.x Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. (1972). A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality, 40(4), 525–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00078.x Meyer, M. L., Masten, C. L., Ma, Y., Wang, C., Shi, Z., Eisenberger, N. I., & Han, S. (2012). Empathy for the social suffering of friends and strangers recruits distinct patterns of brain activation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(4), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss019 Mill, J. (1984). High and low self-monitoring individuals: Their decoding skills and empathic expression. Journal of Personality, 52(4), 372–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00358.x Miller, A., & Goidel, R. (2009). News organizations and information gathering during a natural disaster: Lessons from hurricane katrina. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 17(4), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2009.00586.x Miller, J. G. (1994). Cultural diversity in the morality of caring: Individually oriented versus duty-based interpersonal moral codes. Cross-Cultural Research, 28(1), 3–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/106939719402800101 Miller, J. T., & Verhaeghen, P. (2022). Mind full of kindness: Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence as vehicles for compassion. BMC Psychology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00888-4 Mobayed, T., & Sanders, J. G. (2022). Moral foundational framing and its impact on attitudes and behaviours. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050118 Mokhberian, N., Abeliuk, A., Cummings, P., & Lerman, K. (2020). Moral framing and ideological bias of news. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12467, 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_16 Montealegre, A., Bush, L., Moss, D., Pizarro, D., & Jimenez-Leal, W. (2020). Does maximizing good make people look bad? https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2zbax Nagamine, M., Shigemura, J., Fujiwara, T., Waki, F., Tanichi, M., Saito, T., Toda, H., Yoshino, A., & Shimizu, K. (2018). The relationship between dispositional empathy, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress responses among Japanese uniformed disaster workers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1915-4 Napier, J. L., & Luguri, J. B. (2013). Moral mind-sets: Abstract thinking increases a preference for “individualizing” over “binding” moral foundations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(6), 754–759. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550612473783 Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge : news and the construction of political meaning. University Of Chicago Press. Nilsson, A., Erlandsson, A., & Västfjäll, D. (2020). Moral foundations theory and the psychology of charitable giving. European Journal of Personality, 34(3), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2256 Oliver, M. B., Dillard, J. P., Bae, K., & Tamul, D. J. (2012). The effect of narrative news format on empathy for stigmatized groups. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(2), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012439020 Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Christensen, K. J. (2010). Empathy and self-regulation as mediators between parenting and adolescents’ prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(3), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00695.x Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963 Parihar, P., Kumar Tiwari, G., Pandey, R., & Kumar Rai, P. (2018). Assessing the relative impacts of gender and educational levels on the moral foundations of the students. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.25215/0604.082 Park, G., & Ishii, K. (2023). Empathy and need for closure are linked to moral foundations and political orientation: A replication study in japan. The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 63, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.2218 Penner, L., Craiger, J. P., Fritzsche, B. A., & Freifeld, T. S. (2014). Measuring the prosocial personality. In Advances in Personality Assessment (pp. 147–164). Psychology Press. Phillips, L. H., MacLean, R. D. J., & Allen, R. (2002). Age and the understanding of emotions: Neuropsychological and sociocognitive perspectives. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(6), P526–P530. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.p526 Price, V., Tewksbury, D., & Powers, E. (1997). Switching trains of thought. Communication Research, 24(5), 481–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365097024005002 Pujiastuti, S. I., Schwarz, M., & Holodynski, M. (2019). Socialization goals of preschool teachers for moral education: A cross-cultural comparison between urban contexts of Germany and Indonesia. Early Child Development and Care, 191(3), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1621307 Pyles, L., & Harding, S. (2011). Discourses of post-Katrina reconstruction: a frame analysis. Community Development Journal, 47(3), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsr023 Quarantelli, E. L. (1997). Ten criteria for evaluating the management of community disasters. Disasters, 21(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00043 Rand, D. G., & Nowak, M. A. (2013). Human cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(8), 413–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.003 Rauchfleisch, A., Vogler, D., & Eisenegger, M. (2020). Transnational news sharing on social media: Measuring and analysing twitter news media repertoires of domestic and foreign audience communities. Digital Journalism, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1835511 Reniers, R. L. E. P., Corcoran, R., Drake, R., Shryane, N. M., & Völlm, B. A. (2011). The QCAE: A questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2010.528484 Rest, J. R., Narvez, D., Thoma, S. J., & Bebeau, M. J. (2014). Postconventional Moral Thinking A Neo-kohlbergian Approach. Psychology Pr. Ruiz-Junco, N. (2017). Advancing the sociology of empathy: A Proposal. Symbolic Interaction, 40(3), 414–435. https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.306 Sakiko, S. (2018). Who’s more indifferent? To make the world see Taiwan, but how much do we care about the world? Crossing. https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/9550 Scheufele, B. (2006). Frames, schemata, and news reporting. Communications, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/commun.2006.005 Schieman, S., & Gundy, K. V. (2000). The personal and social links between age and self-reported empathy. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(2), 152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695889 Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 221–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60358-5 Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25(25), 1–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6 Schwartz, S. H., & Fleishman, J. A. (1982). Effects of negative personal norms on helping behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616728281013 Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the Message. Allyn & Bacon. Sleesman, D. J., & Conlon, D. E. (2016). Encouraging prosocial decisions: The role of fairness salience and uncertainty. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30(2), 502–515. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1970 Söchting, I., Skoe, E. E., & Marcia, J. E. (1994). Care-oriented moral reasoning and prosocial behavior: A question of gender or sex role orientation. Sex Roles, 31(3-4), 131–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01547711 Sperber, D., & Baumard, N. (2012). Moral reputation: An evolutionary and cognitive perspective. Mind & Language, 27(5), 495–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12000 Stotland, E. (1969). Exploratory investigations of empathy. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 4, 271–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60080-5 Strombach, T., Jin, J., Weber, B., Kenning, P., Shen, Q., Ma, Q., & Kalenscher, T. (2013). Charity begins at home: Cultural differences in social discounting and generosity. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 27(3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1802 Strong, M. (2021, December 16). Super Typhoon Rai closest to Taiwan Dec. 21-22. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4378702 Strupp-Levitsky, M., Noorbaloochi, S., Shipley, A., & Jost, J. T. (2020). Moral “foundations” as the product of motivated social cognition: Empathy and other psychological underpinnings of ideological divergence in “individualizing” and “binding” concerns. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0241144. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241144 Stürmer, S., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (2005). Prosocial emotions and helping: The moderating role of group membership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 532–546. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.532 Taipei Times. (2023). Hawaii death toll at 99, could double. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2023/08/16/2003804828 Taiwan News. (2023). Taiwan pledges US$500,000 in aid to Hawaii after devastating wildfires. Taiwan News. https://taiwannews.com.tw/news/4976060 Tang, S., & Gray, K. (2021). Feeling empathy for organizations: Moral consequences, mechanisms, and the power of framing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 96, 104147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104147 Thomas, G. C., Batson, C. D., & Coke, J. S. (1981). Do good samaritans discourage helpfulness? Self-perceived altruism after exposure to highly helpful others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(1), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.1.194 Thurman, N., Hensmann, T., & Fletcher, R. (2020). Large, loyal, lingering? An analysis of online overseas audiences for UK news brands. Journalism, 146488491989241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919892411 Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. R. (2005). Gender differences in the relationship between empathy and forgiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), 673–685. https://doi.org/10.3200/socp.145.6.673-686 Tsujiuchi, T., Yamaguchi, M., Masuda, K., Tsuchida, M., Inomata, T., Kumano, H., Kikuchi, Y., Augusterfer, E. F., & Mollica, R. F. (2016). High prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms in relation to social factors in affected population one year after the fukushima nuclear disaster. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0151807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151807 Underwood, B., & Moore, B. (1982). Perspective-taking and altruism. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 143–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.1.143 Vasterman, P., Yzermans, C. J., & Dirkzwager, A. J. E. (2005). The role of the media and media hypes in the aftermath of disasters. Epidemiologic Reviews, 27(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxi002 Vaughan, E., & Seifert, M. (1992). Variability in the framing of risk issues. Journal of Social Issues, 48(4), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01948.x von Bieberstein, F., Essl, A., & Friedrich, K. (2021). Empathy: A clue for prosocialty and driver of indirect reciprocity. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0255071. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255071 Wei, J., & Marinova, D. (2015). The orientation of disaster donations: Differences in the global response to five major earthquakes. Disasters, 40(3), 452–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12160 Wise, K., Eckler, P., Kononova, A., & Littau, J. (2009). Exploring the hardwired for news hypothesis: How threat proximity affects the cognitive and emotional processing of health-related print news. Communication Studies, 60(3), 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970902956024 Wolsko, C., Ariceaga, H., & Seiden, J. (2016). Red, white, and blue enough to be green: Effects of moral framing on climate change attitudes and conservation behaviors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 65, 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.02.005 Wright, J. C., & Baril, G. (2011). The role of cognitive resources in determining our moral intuitions: Are we all liberals at heart? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), 1007–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.014 Xu, W. W., Sang, Y., & Kim, C. (2020). What drives hyper-partisan news sharing: Exploring the role of source, style, and content. Digital Journalism, 8(4), 486–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1761264 Yan, Y., & Bissell, K. (2015). The sky is falling: Predictors of news coverage of natural disasters worldwide. Communication Research, 45(6), 862–886. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215573861 Yang, Y., Liu, X., Fang, Y., & Hong, Y. (2013). Unresolved world war II animosity dampens empathy toward 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(2), 171–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113509118 Yell, S. (2012). Natural disaster news and communities of feeling: the affective interpellation of local and global publics. Social Semiotics, 22(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2012.693295 Yoeli, E., Hoffman, M., Rand, D. G., & Nowak, M. A. (2013). Powering up with indirect reciprocity in a large-scale field experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(Supplement_2), 10424–10429. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301210110 Zuckerman, M., & Reis, H. T. (1978). Comparison of three models for predicting altruistic behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(5), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.5.498
描述:	碩士國立政治大學國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) 109461003
資料來源:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109461003
資料類型:	thesis
顯示於類別:	[國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文

文件中的檔案:

檔案	描述	大小	格式	瀏覽次數
100301.pdf		2574Kb	Adobe PDF	0	檢視/開啟

在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.

社群 sharing

著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement

1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.

DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004 MIT & Hewlett-Packard / Enhanced by NTU Library IR team Copyright © - 回饋