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    Title: 台積電與聯電競爭策略之個案分析
    A Case Study on the Competitive Strategy of TSMC and UMC
    Authors: 鄭紹君
    Cheng, Shao-Chun
    Contributors: 邱奕嘉
    Chiu, Yi-Chia
    鄭紹君
    Cheng, Shao-Chun
    Keywords: 晶圓代工
    競爭策略
    商業模式
    競爭優勢
    台積電
    聯電
    Wafer manufacturing
    Competitive strategy
    Business model
    Competitive advantage
    Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)
    United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC)
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-08-05 12:09:35 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年來半導體產業蓬勃發展,不論在IC設計、IC製造、IC封測都有不小的發展空間,而台灣在其中也扮演了非常重要的角色,台灣積體電路製造公司(TSMC)以及聯華電子公司(UMC)便是重要的推手,聯華電子公司(UMC)為台灣首家半導體製造公司,台灣積體電路製造公司(TSMC)則是開創了晶圓代工的模式,為IC產業帶來極大的改變。在1980年代時,兩者一同為台灣的IC產業開創版圖,並稱晶圓雙雄,但直至現今,台灣積體電路製造公司(TSMC)已為市占率第一的龍頭廠商,故本研究將會探討在同樣背景下,兩者之間的動態競爭情況以及競爭策略為何,欲探究晶圓代工業之競爭優勢。

    由於發展為動態變化,因此本研究將分析過程分成三階段,分別為1980年至2000年、2000年至2010年、2010年至現今,首先,會先針對這兩間個案公司進行介紹,再以價值鏈架構詳列其重要策略,並以這三時期的時間軸劃分公司重要的發展里程碑。同時,在此三時期皆會進行外部以及內部分析,在外部分析面,會透過產業鏈、五力分析、PEST分析來使讀者了解外部環境以及當時的時代條件,在內部分析面,會透過商業模式九宮格來使讀者了解兩者分別在商業模式面有哪些相異之處,再透過杜邦分析來看出財務數字顯示了哪些資訊,最後再透過資源基礎觀點分析歸納出企業的核心能力。

    進行上述分析後,本研究期望歸納出台灣積體電路製造公司(TSMC)究竟有哪些競爭優勢,能夠在這場晶圓雙雄之爭中取得先機,一步步成為IC製造端不可或缺的角色,以及究竟有哪些戰略或是決策方向能夠使企業在晶圓代工業中站穩腳步。
    In recent years, the semiconductor industry has seen significant growth, with considerable opportunities in IC design, manufacturing, and packaging. Taiwan plays a crucial role in this landscape, with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) being key drivers. UMC was Taiwan's first semiconductor manufacturer, while TSMC pioneered the foundry model, revolutionizing the IC industry. In the 1980s, they jointly laid the foundation for Taiwan's IC industry, earning them the title of "Twin Pillars of Wafer Manufacturing." However, today TSMC has emerged as the leading wafer manufacturer in terms of market share. Therefore, this study aims to explore the dynamic competitive strategies between these two companies under the same backdrop, aiming to understand the competitive advantage in the foundry industry.

    Given the dynamic nature of development, this research will be divided into three phases: from 1980 to 2000, from 2000 to 2010, and from 2010 to the present. Firstly, an introduction to both case companies will be provided, detailing their key strategies within the value chain framework, and highlighting significant milestones in each of the three periods. Additionally, external and internal analyses will be conducted. External analysis will encompass industry chain, Porter's Five Forces, and PEST analysis to elucidate the external environment and prevailing conditions. Internally, the Business Model Canvas will be employed to illustrate the differences in their business models, while DuPont analysis will reveal financial insights. Finally, core capabilities will be analyzed from a resource-based perspective.

    Following this analysis, the study aims to summarize the competitive advantages of TSMC and identify the strategic directions that can help them maintain a dominant position in the foundry industry, becoming an indispensable player in IC manufacturing.
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    二、 中文文獻
    [1] 中央銀行 (2023),「美元之國際地位 過去 、 現在及未來 」, 央行理監事會後記者會參考資料 6月 15日。
    [2] 中國文化大學科技發展與人物編委會,《科技發展與人物》,中國文化大學出版部,民國89年。
    [3] 中研院財團法人中技社 (2021)。台灣半導體產業面對國際政經環境變動的挑戰及因應,中研院財團法人中技社。
    [4] 王仁傑(2018),台灣半導體科技的幕後推手與展望,科學發展,541期。
    [5] 王立廷(2023),半導體整合元件(IDM)廠競爭策略調整之研究 -以I公司為例,學術論文,國立政治大學,經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)。
    [6] 朱韻如(2018),台積電平台經營模式之個案分析,學術論文,國立政治大學,企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)。
    [7] 李佳純(2001)。以資源基礎理論探討持久競爭優勢形成之因素--以「ePaper電子報聯盟」為例,傳播與管理研究,93-120。
    [8] 林佩璇(2000)。個案研究及其在教育研究上的運用。載於中正大學主編,質的教育研究方法,239-262。
    [9] 林發祥(2006),從價值網、財務績效來分析購物中心之關鍵成功因素-以台茂、大江購物中心為例. 國立政治大學, 經營管理碩士學程。
    [10] 吳錦錩,2006。企業持續性競爭優勢構面—以台灣自有品牌企業為例,中華管理評論國際學報,第九卷第二期,1-34。
    [11] 吳佩勳 利尚仁 劉忠賢 (2004)。以資源基礎理論觀點分析通路品牌與競爭策略經營:突破八國聯軍的本土量販霸主-大潤發,科技整合管理國際研討會。
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    [13] 邱憶惠(1999)。個案研究:質化取向。國立高雄師範大學教育系教育研究,7,113-127。
    [14] 司徒達賢,2005。策略管理新論—觀念架構與分析方法,台北:智勝文化。
    [15] 柯俊宏(2016),晶圓代工產業之五力分析與企業策略規劃研究─以T公司為例,東海大學, 高階經營管理碩士在職專班。
    [16] 張君君(2001)。以策略性成本管理方法分析晶圓代工業之價值鏈-以台積電與聯電為例,學術論文,東吳大學,企業管理學系。
    [17] 徐逸齡 (2024),杜邦方程式財務績效與ESG指標關聯性基於ETF成分股的實證研究,學術論文,銘傳大學,財務金融學系碩士在職專班。
    [18] 黃瑞鴻 (2014),企業競爭優勢之研究--以台積電及聯電為例,學術論文,國立中山大學,企業管理學系研究所。
    [19] 賴素惠(2006),台積電經營策略之個案研究,學術論文,國立臺灣科技大學,財務金融研究所。
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    [21] 莊竣皓(2019),動態競爭之研究: 以Walmart和Amazon為例,國立政治大學,科技管理與智慧財產研究所。
    [22] 姜慰慈(2020),動態能力與商業模式之個案分析,國立政治大學,科技管理與智慧財產研究所。

    三、 網站及其他部分
    [1] Digitimes: https://www.digitimes.com.tw/
    [2] Gartner: https://www.gartner.com/en
    [3] IC Insight: https://technews.tw/tag/ic-insights/
    [4] Semi: https://www.semi.org/zh
    [5] Stockfeel: https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/
    [6] 工研院: https://www.itri.org.tw/
    [7] 天下雜誌: https://www.cw.com.tw/
    [8] 半導體產業年鑑,工研院產經中心
    [9] 台積電公司網站 : https://www.tsmc.com/chinese
    [10] 台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司年報與財務報表,1987-2024
    [11] 台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司2000Q4營運報告與財務報表
    [12] 台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司2010Q4營運報告與財務報表
    [13] 台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司2023Q4營運報告與財務報表
    [14] 商業週刊: https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/
    [15] 聯電公司網站 : https://www.umc.com/zh-TW/Home/Index
    [16] 聯華電子股份有限公司年報與財務報表,1980-2024
    [17] 聯華電子股份有限公司2000Q4營運報告與財務報表
    [18] 聯華電子股份有限公司2010Q4營運報告與財務報表
    [19] 聯華電子股份有限公司2023Q4營運報告與財務報表
    [20] 遠見雜誌: https://www.gvm.com.tw/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
    111363009
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111363009
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)] 學位論文

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