Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152026
|
| Title: | 跨性別他者：建構跨性別身體、心智與經驗的修辭
The Trans Other: Discursive Imaginaries of the Trans Body, Mind, and Experience |
| Authors: | 黃思穎
Houck, Skylar |
| Contributors: | 康庭瑜
黃思穎
Skylar Houck |
| Keywords: | 批判性話語分析
跨性別
他者
Critical Discourse Analysis
Transness
Othering |
| Date: | 2024 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-07-01 12:27:23 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 在現今的美國、跨性别恐慌已經蔓延開來。隨著更多壓迫性的反跨性别立法進入公共領域、討論跨性别在文本中的表現形式和有效的他者化方式就顯得尤為重要。諾曼-費爾克拉夫（Norman Fairclough）的「批判性話語分析」方法強調話語的社會理論、本文透過運用此方法、重點探討了文本、話語實踐和社會文化實踐如何共同構成和重構順式變性的社會主導地位。透過對保守派評論家邁克爾-諾爾斯（Michael Knowles）和跨性別排斥的激進女權主義者莎倫-伯恩（Sharon Byrne）的文本進行取樣，本文展示了反跨性別想像的力量、只要當前的性別規範在製度上和社會文化上得到加強、這種想像就會跨越意識形態領域而存在。總之、本文發現了我們與他們的他者化、對跨性別者的怪誕描述、以及在傳統主義和激進女性主義圈中將反跨性别作為道德義務的共同文本主題。本文也揭示了對跨性别邊緣化的複雜性進行更多研究的必要性。
Within the present-day United States, an expansive trans panic has taken hold. As more oppressive anti-trans legislation enters the public sphere, it is important to discuss the ways in which transness is textually represented and effectively Othered. By utilizing Norman Fairclough’s method of Critical Discourse Analysis, which emphasizes the social theory of discourse, this paper focuses on the ways in which texts, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice work in tandem to constitute and reconstitute cisheteronormative social dominance. In sampling the texts of conservative commentator, Michael Knowles, and trans-exclusionary radical feminist, Sharon Byrne, this paper exhibits the power of anti-trans imaginings to exist across ideological spheres as long as current gender norms are institutionally and socioculturally empowered. Overall, this paper finds common textual themes of us vs. them Othering, grotesque presentations of the transness, and the framing of anti-transness as a moral imperative in traditionalist and radical feminist circles. It also sheds light on the need for more research into the intricacies of trans marginalization. |
| Reference: | Abbott, T.B. (2022). The History of Trans Representation in American Television and Film Genres. Palgrave Macmillan.
ACLU. (2024). Mapping Attacks on LGBTQ Rights in U.S. State Legislatures in 2024. https://www.aclu.org/legislative-attacks-on-lgbtq-rights-2024
ACLU of Michigan. (2001, March 6). Male Correction Officers Should be Restricted From Some Areas of Women’s Prisons, ACLU Says. ACLU. https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/male-correction-officers-should-be-restricted-some-areas-womens-prisons-aclu-says
Ahmed, S. (2017). An Affinity of Hammers. In: Gossett, R., Stanley, E.A., & Burton, J. (Eds.), Trapdoor: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility (p. 221-234). MIT Press.
Ali, J. (2023, Feb. 28). Daily Wire host issues chilling call to ‘ban transgenderism entirely’. The Pink News. https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/02/28/daily-wire-michael-knowles-ban-transgender-entirely/
Amiri, M., Hashemi, M. R., Rezaei, J. (2015). The Representation of Islamophobia: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Yahoo News. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(2), pp. 599-618. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i28/87385
Amnesty International. (2014). Europe: The state decides who I am: Lack of legal gender recognition for transgender people in Europe. Retrieved Feb. 29, 2024, from
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/EUR01/001/2014/en/.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. (1968). Rabelais and His World. MIT Press.
Bandini, E. & Maggi, M. (2014). Transphobia. In: Corona, G., Jannini, E., Maggi, M. (Eds.), Emotional, Physical and Sexual Abuse (pp. 49-59). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06787-2_4
Barker-Plummer, B. (2013). Fixing Gwen: News and the mediation of (trans)gender challenges. Feminist Media Studies, 13(4), pp. 710-724. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2012.679289
Barrón-López, L. & Popat, S. (2024, March 27). How a second Trump presidency could impact the LGBTQ+ community. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-a-second-trump-presidency-could-impact-the-lgbtq-community
Bazerman, C. (2003). Textual Performance: Where the Action at a Distance Is. JAC, 23(2), pp. 379-396. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20866570
Benjamin, H. (1966). The Transsexual Phenomenon. The Julian Press, Inc. Publishers.
Berger, J. & Milkman, K.L. (2012). What Makes Online Content Viral? Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), pp. 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.10.0353
Berger, J., Moe, W.W., & Schweidel, D.A. (2023). What Holds Attention? Linguistic Drivers of Engagement. Journal of Marketing, 87(5), pp. 793-809. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429231152880
Bettcher, T.M. (2014). Transphobia. Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(1-2), pp. 249-251, https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2400181
Billard, T.J. (2016). Writing in the margins: Mainstream news media representations of transgenderism. International journal of communication, 10, pp. 4193-4218. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3262789
Billard, T.J. (2023). “Gender-Critical” Discourse as Disinformation: Unpacking TERF Strategies of Political Communication. Women’s Studies in Communication, 46(2), pp. 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2023.2193545
Bird, J. (2019). Sorted: Growing Up, Coming Out, and Finding My Place [eBook Edition]. Tiller Press.
Block, M. (2022, May 11). Accusations of 'grooming' are the latest political attack — with homophobic origins. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/05/11/1096623939/accusations-grooming-political-attack-homophobic-origins
Boles, J., & Elifson, K.W. (1994). The social organization of transvestite prostitution and AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 39(1), pp. 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90168-6
Boor, C & Cremins, R. (2020). The Transgender Talk Show Phenomenon: How Our Society Has Failed Transgender Individuals in Public Conversations [Thesis, Ohio State University]. OSU, https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/e/94929/files/2021/01/Gender-Pop-Culture-Thesis-Paper-1.pdf
Branigin, A. (2022, July 8). 10 anti-LGBTQ laws just went into effect. They all target schools. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/07/08/anti-lgbtq-education-laws-in-effect/
Brown, K. (2024). New opportunities for discourse studies: Combining discourse theory, critical discourse studies and corpus linguistics. Journal of Language and Politics, Online-First Articles, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.23066.bro
Bustos, V. P., Bustos, S. S., Mascaro, A., Del Corral, G., Forte, A. J., Ciudad, P., Kim, E. A., Langstein, H. N., & Manrique, O. J. (2021). Regret after Gender-affirmation Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 9(3), e3477. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003477
CAWP – Center for American Women and Politics. (2024). Current Numbers. Rutgers. https://cawp.rutgers.edu/facts/current-numbers
Chapman, A. (2024, March 8). The Dangerous Scam of “the Women’s Bill of Rights”. Slate. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2024/03/womens-bill-rights-anti-transgender-scam.html
Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., Guzman, R., & Katz, M. (2001). HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of transgender persons: Implications for public health intervention. American Journal of Public Health, 91(6), pp. 915–921. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.91.6.915
Collins, F. (2002). Brazen Brides, Grotesque Daughters, Treacherous Mothers: Women’s Funny Business in Australian cinema from Sweetie to Holy Smoke. In: French, L. (Ed.), Womenvision: Women and the Moving Image in Australia. Damned Publishing.
Conley, B. (2022). Democracy and Disinformation: An Analysis of Trump’s 2020 Reelection Campaign. In: Gillies, J. (Ed.), Political Marketing in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election: Palgrave Studies in Political Marketing and Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86559-7_6
CPAC. (2023, March 11). @michaeljknowles speech at @CPAC was all about the left's attempt to erase biological women from modern society [Video attached]. Facebook. https://fb.watch/rQcpQD6E5X/
Daily Wire. (n.d.). About. https://www.dailywire.com/about
Daly, M. (1978). Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminsim. Beacon Press. https://www.feministes-radicales.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/mary-daly-gyn-ecology-the-metaethics-of-radical-feminism.pdf
Dastagir, A.E. (2016, April 29). The imaginary predator in America’s transgender bathroom war. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/04/28/transgender-bathroom-bills-discrimination/32594395/
Dirks, D.A. (2016). Transgender People at Four Big Ten Campuses: A Policy Discourse Analysis. The Review of Higher Education, 39(3), pp. 371-393.
https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2016.0020.
Duan, N., Bhaumik, DK., Palinkas, LA., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling and optimal design. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp. 524-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0596-7
Dumitrescu, R.G. (2022). Tell Me Who Your Enemies Are and I Will Tell You Who You Are: Populism and The Creation of The Political Self. Journal of Governance, 7(1), pp. 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31506/jog.v6i3.13499
Edwards, J. D. and Graulund, R. (2013). Grotesque. Routledge.
Elliot, P. (2016). Debates in Transgender, Queer, and Feminist Theory. Routledge.
Enke, A. (2012). Transfeminist Perspectives in and Beyond Transgender and Gender Studies. Temple University Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/18983
Eom, Y.J., Lee, H., Kim, R., Choo, S., Yi, H., & Kim, S.S. (2022). Discrimination keeps transgender people awake at night: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 583 transgender adults in South Korea. Sleep Health, 8(6), pp. 580-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.012
Evans, S., Crawley, J., Kane, D., & Edmunds, K. (2021). The process of transitioning for the transgender individual and the nursing imperative: A narrative review. JAN: Leading Global Nursing Research, 77(12), pp. 4599-4962. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14943
Evon, D. (2021, Feb. 17). Did Rush Limbaugh's 'AIDS Update' Mock the Deaths of Gay People? Snopes. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rush-limbaugh-mock-aids-gays/
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
-------- (1995). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. Longman.
-------- (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. Routledge.
-------- (2012). Critical discourse analysis. International Advances in Engineering and Technology, 7, pp. 452-487. https://web.archive.org/web/20170918164532id_/http://scholarism.net:80/FullText/2012071.pdf
Fasoli, F., Maass, A., Paladino, M.P., & Sulpizio, S. (2017). Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-0962-0
Ferré-Pavia, C. & Zaldivar, G. (2022). Trans exclusionary feminism on Twitter: a biased monologue in #AgainstTheDeletionOfWomen. ICON 14, Journal of communication and emerging technologies, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v20i2.1865
Finley, L. LGBTQ activism to counter “Don't Say Gay,” trans athlete bans and other attacks on affirming education in US public schools. In Global LGBTQ Activism (pp. 198-214). Routledge.
Foss, S.K. (2018). Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice (5th ed.). Waveland Press, Inc.
Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge & the Discourse on Language (A.M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.). Pantheon Books. https://monoskop.org/images/9/90/Foucault_Michel_Archaeology_of_Knowledge.pdf
FRA – European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2013). EU LGBT survey. European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey. Results at a glance. Retrieved March 1, 2024, from http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eu-lgbt-survey-results-at-a-glance_en.pdf.
Fradella, H.F. (2023). The Imperative of Rejecting “Gender-Critical” Feminism in the Law. William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, & Social Justice, 30(2), pp. 1-38. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4419750
Free State Justice. (n.d.). The Disproportionate Abuse Suffered By Transgender Inmates. https://freestate-justice.org/the-disproportionate-abuse-suffered-by-transgender-inmates/
Funke, M. & Trebesch, C. (2017). Financial Crises and the Populist Right. ifo DICE Report, ifo Institut - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, 15(4), pp. 6-9. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/181253
Gamson, J. (1998). Publicity Traps: Television Talk Shows and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Visibility. Sexualities, 1(1), pp. 11-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346098001001002
GLADD. (2012). Victims or Villains: Examining Ten Years of Transgender Images on Television. https://glaad.org/publications/victims-or-villains-examining-ten-years-transgender-images-television
Grant, J.M., Mottet, L.A., Tanis J., & Min, D. (2011). Injustice at every turn: a report of the national transgender discrimination survey. National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Washington, DC.
Greven, T. (2016). The Rise of Right-wing Populism in Europe and the United States. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/12892.pdf
Griffin, P. & Ouellett, M. (2003). From Silence to Safety and Beyond: Historical Trends in Addressing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Issues in K-12 Schools. Equity & Excellence in Education, 36, pp. 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665680390224512
Håkansson, J. (2012). The Use of Personal Pronouns in Political Speeches: A comparative study of the pronominal choices of two American presidents. Linnæus University School of Language and Literature.
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:531167/fulltext01.pdf
Hartmann-Mahmud, L. (2010). War as Metaphor. Peace Review, 14(4), pp. 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040265022000039213
Hasenbush, A., Flores, A.R. & Herman, J.L. (2019). Gender Identity Nondiscrimination Laws in Public Accommodations: a Review of Evidence Regarding Safety and Privacy in Public Restrooms, Locker Rooms, and Changing Rooms. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 16, pp. 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0335-z
Heyes, C. (2003). Feminist Solidarity after Queer Theory: The Case of Transgender. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(4), pp. 1093–1120. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/343132
Hotine, E. (2021). Biology, Society and Sex: Deconstructing anti-trans rhetoric and trans-exclusionary radical feminism. Journal of the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, 2(3), pp.1-5. https://journal.nds.ox.ac.uk/index.php/JNDS/article/view/176
Howarth, D. (2005). Applying Discourse Theory: the Method of Articulation. In: Howarth, D. & Torfing, J. (Eds.), Discourse Theory in European Politics: Identity, Policy and Governance (pp. 316-349). Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523364_14
HRC. (2023). Fatal Violence Against the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community in 2023. The Human Rights Campaign. https://www.hrc.org/resources/fatal-violence-against-the-transgender-and-nonbinary-community-in-2023
Hubert, K. (2020). Transgender representation: Common themes found in ten children’s books. Emerging Library & Information Perspectives, 3, pp. 113–139. https:/doi.org/10.5206/elip.v3i1.8638
Hussein, M.A. & Tormala, Z.L. (2024). You versus we: How pronoun use shapes perceptions of receptiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 110, 104555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104555
ILGA – International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. (2023, March 22). ILGA World Maps. ILGA World. Retrieved March 1, 2024, from https://ilga.org/ilga-world-maps
ILO – International Labour Organization. (2015). Discrimination at work on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity: results of the ILO’s PRIDE Project. Retrieved March 1, 2024, from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/%2D%2D-dgreports/%2D%2D-gender/documents/briefingnote/ wcms_368962.pdf.
Independent Women’s Law Center. (n.d.). The Women’s Bill of Rights In 60 Seconds. Independent Women’s Voice. https://www.iwv.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/IWLC_In-60-Seconds_WBOR_web.pdf
Ivana, P.S.I. & Suprayogi, S. (2020). The Representation Of Iran And United States In Donald Trump’s Speech: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Linguistics and Literature Journal, 1(2), pp. 40-45. http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/linguistics_and_literature/index
Janks, H. (1997). Critical Discourse Analysis as a Research Tool. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 18(3), pp. 329-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/0159630970180302
Jedrzejewski, B., Marsiglio, M., Guerriero, J., & Penkin, A. (2023). Regret after Gender Affirming Surgery – A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Multifaceted Patient Experience. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000010243
Jones, M. (2013). Tentacles and Teeth: The Lovecraftian Being in Popular Culture. In: Simmons, D. (Ed.), New Critical Essays on H.P. Lovecraft. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137320964_13
Jones, T. (2024). Trans Bans Expand: Anti-LGBTIQ+ Lawfare and Neo-fascism. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, pp. 1-16. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-024-00948-x
Johnson, M. (2010). Transgender Subject Access: History and Current Practice. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 48(8), pp. 661–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639370903534398
Kaczynski, A. & Gordon, A. (2023, Oct. 27). New speaker of the House Mike Johnson once wrote in support of the criminalization of gay sex. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/25/politics/mike-johnson-gay-sex-criminalization-kfile/index.html
Kayser, W. (1963). The Grotesque in Art and Literature. Indiana University Press.
Kellner, M. (2020). Queer* and Unusual: Capital Punishment, LGBTQ+ Identity, and the Constitutional Path Forward. Tulane Journal of Law & Sexuality, 29, pp. 1-24. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/lsex29&id=9&collection=journals&index=
King, M.E., Winter, S., & Webster, B. (2009). Contact Reduces Transprejudice: A Study on Attitudes towards Transgenderism and Transgender Civil Rights in Hong Kong. International Journal of Sexual Health, 21(1), pp.17-34.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19317610802434609
Knowles, M.J. [@michaeljknowles]. conservatives: "You know, I don't think it's quite right for Husky Hank over there to strip down in the little[Tweet]. Twitter/X. https://twitter.com/michaeljknowles/status/1630608415297884160?lang=en
Kolanyane-Kesupile, K. & McAllister, J. (2021). Indigeneity and ‘authenticity’ in African trans* activism. Sexualities, 24(1-2), pp 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460720958928
Konopka, K., Prusik, M., & Szulawski, M. (2020). Two Sexes, Two Genders Only: Measuring Attitudes toward Transgender Individuals in Poland. Sex Roles, 82, pp. 600–621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01071-7
Legislator Lookup. (n.d.). Women’s Bill of Rights. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://womensbillofrightsaction.com/
Levin, S. & Beckett, L. (2021, July 28). ‘A nightmare scenario’: how an anti-trans Instagram post led to violence in the streets. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/28/anti-trans-video-los-angeles-protest-wi-spa
Littlefield, R.S. & Quenette, A.M. (2007). Crisis Leadership and Hurricane Katrina: The Portrayal of Authority by the Media in Natural Disasters. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(1), pp. 26-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880601065664
Lombardi, E.L. (2009). Varieties of Transgender/Transsexual Lives and Their Relationship with Transphobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 56(8), pp. 977-992.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00918360903275393
Lombardi, E.L., Wilchins, R.A., Priesing, D., & Malouf, D. (2008). Gender Violence. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), pp. 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v42n01_05
Luneau, D. (2023, March 6). Human Rights Campaign: Extremists at CPAC Laid Bare Hatred at Root of Vile Legislation Targeting Trans People. Human Rights Campaign.
https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/human-rights-campaign-extremists-at-cpac-laid-bare-hatred-at-root-of-vile-legislation-targeting-trans-people
Marcelo, P. (2023, April 22). Toddlers can’t get gender-affirming surgeries, despite claims. AP. https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-transgender-surgery-medicine-legislation-LGBTQ-491630629027
Martin, D. (2020). Third Spaces, Sequencing, and Intertextuality: (De)Constructing Misinformation and Fake News. In: Jones, J. & Trice, M. (Eds.), Rhetoric, Politics and Society: Platforms, Protests, and the Challenge of Networked Democracy (pp. 135-156). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36525-7_8
Matias, C. (2014, Nov. 18). New York’s Largest Jail To Open Housing Unit For Transgender Women. Huffpost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/rikers-transgender-women_n_6181552
McComiskey, B. (2017). Post-Truth Rhetoric and Composition. Utah State University Press.
McGuire, J. K., Okrey Anderson, S., & Michaels, C. (2022). “I don’t think you belong in here:” The impact of gender segregated bathrooms on the safety, health, and equality of transgender people. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 34(1), pp. 40–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2021.1920539
McLaren, J. T., Bryant, S., & Brown, B. (2021). “See me! Recognize me!” An analysis of transgender media representation. Communication Quarterly, 69(2), pp. 172–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2021.1901759
Media Match. (n.d.). Bentkey Ventures. https://www.media-match.com/usa/directory/bentkey-ventures-2018373
Media Matters. (2023, Feb. 27). Daily Wire host: “You have to ban transgenderism entirely”. https://www.mediamatters.org/daily-wire/daily-wire-host-you-have-ban-transgenderism-entirely
Meek, A. (2022, April 9). The Daily Wire, For The First Time, Reveals The Size Of Its Paid Subscriber Base. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/andymeek/2022/04/09/the-daily-wire-for-the-first-time-reveals-the-size-of-its-paid-subscriber-base/?sh=4550a0ff4a2a
Merone, L., Tsey, K., Russell, D., & Nagle, C. (2022). Sex Inequalities in Medical Research: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Literature. Women’s Health Reports, 3(1), pp. 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0083
Mertus, J. (2007). The Rejection of Human Rights Framings: The Case of LGBT Advocacy in the US. Human Rights Quarterly, 29(4), pp. 1036-1064. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072835
Michelson, N. (2011, June 14). Transphobia Rears Its Ugly Head In The Hangover: Part II. Out. https://www.out.com/entertainment/popnography/2011/06/transphobia-rears-its-ugly-head-in-the-hangover-part-ii-.html
Moe, T.M. (2005). Power and Political Institutions. Perspectives on Politics, 3(2), pp. 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592705050176
Monteil, A. (2024, Feb. 20). Nonbinary Teen Nex Benedict Dies After Being Attacked By Peers in a School Bathroom. them. https://www.them.us/story/nex-benedict-nonbinary-teen-oklahoma-died-attacked-at-school
Nagoshi, J.L., Adams, K.A., Terrell, H.K. Hill, E.D., Brzuzy, S., & Nagoshi, C.T. (2008). Gender Differences in Correlates of Homophobia and Transphobia. Sex Roles, 59, pp. 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9458-7
The National WWII Museum. (2020, June 30). From GI Joe to GI Jane: Christine Jorgensen’s Story. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/christine-jorgensen
Nemoto, T., Operario, D., Keatley, J., Han, L., and Soma, T. (2004a). HIV risk behaviour among male-to-female transgender persons of color in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 94, pp. 1193–1199. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.7.1193
Nemoto, T., Operario, D., Sevelius, J., Keatley, J., Hung, L., & Sugano, E. (2004b). Role of transphobia on psychological vulnerability among male-to-female transgenders. Unpublished manuscript.
Nguyen, A. (2023, May 1). “A death sentence”: Trans Texas teen plots his future as proposed ban on hormone therapy progresses. Texas Tribune. https://www.texastribune.org/2023/05/01/transgender-texas-gender-affirming-care/
Nirta, C. (2018). Marginal Bodies, Trans Utopias. Routledge.
Nolan, I.T., Kuhner, C.J., & Dy, G.W. (2019). Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery. Translational Andrology and Urology, 8(3), pp.184-190. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.04.09
Palinkas L.A., Horwitz S.M., Green C.A., Wisdom J.P., Duan N., & Hoagwood K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp. 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Pan, S. & Honig, S.C. (2018). Gender-Affirming Surgery: Current Concepts. Current Urology Reports, 19(8), no. 62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-018-0809-9
Pang, B., Tang, D.T.S., & Law, S. (2022). Trans*, female bodybuilding and racial equality: narratives from a Hong Kong Chinese gender-fluid bodybuilder, Sport, Education and Society. Sport, Education and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2022.2030699
Paterson, A. & Gingerich, M. (2022, April 8). “Doom & Groom”: Fox News has aired 170 segments discussing trans people in the past three weeks. Media Matters. https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/doom-groom-fox-news-has-aired-170-segments-discussing-trans-people-past-three-weeks
Patton, M.Q. (2002). Research Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed.). Sage Publications.
Paz, A.I. (2013). Discourse Theory. In: McGee, R.J. & Warms, R.L. (Eds.) Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: An Encyclopedia. (pp. 191-196).
Pearce, R., Erikainen, S., & Vincent, B. (2020). TERF wars: An introduction. The Sociological Review Monographs, 68(4), pp. 677-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026120934713
Pellicane, M. J. & Ciesla, J. A. (2022). Associations between minority stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102113
Pennebaker, J.W. (2011). The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us. Bloomsbury Press.
Picq, M. L. (2019). Decolonizing Indigenous Sexualities: Between Erasure and Resurgence. In The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics (pp. 168-184). Oxford Handbooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.23
Polat, A., Yuksel, S., Discigil, A. G., & Meteris, H. (2005). Family Attitudes toward Transgendered People in Turkey: Experience from a Secular Islamic Country. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 35(4), pp. 383-393. https://doi.org/10.2190/BHLY-K1ML-JDCB-H04W
Postmes, T. & Smith, L.G.E. (2009). Why Do the Privileged Resort to Oppression? A Look at Some Intragroup Factors. Journal of Social Issues, 65(4), pp. 769-790. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01624.x
Purcell, D., MacArthur, K.R., & Samblanet, S. (2010). Gender and the Glass Ceiling at Work. Sociology Compass, 4(9), pp. 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00304.x
Respaut, R. & Terhune, C. (2022, Oct. 6). Putting numbers on the rise in children seeking gender care. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-transyouth-data/
Rogers, R., Malancharuvil-Berkes, E. Mosley, M., Hui, D., & Joseph, G.O. (2005). Critical Discourse Analysis in Education: A Review of the Literature. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), pp. 365-416. https://www.umsl.edu/~rogersrl/review_lit.pdf
Rothberg, E. (n.d.). Marsha P. Johnson. National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/marsha-p-johnson
Rowland, D. (2023, Oct. 19). 150 minutes on Ohio’s bathroom bill: Naked fat ‘man’ in locker room, other ‘perverts’. ABC 6. https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/150-minutes-on-ohios-bathroom-bill-naked-fat-man-emotional-claims-and-perverts
Ryan, J. R. (2009). Reel Gender: Examining the Politics of Trans Images in Film and Media [Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245709749
Safavian, D. (2021, June 8). Transgender Prison Inmates Need Protection. Here’s How. Governing. https://www.governing.com/now/transgender-prison-inmates-need-protection-heres-how
Sarkisian, J. (2020, Jan. 30). Lil Nas X had the best response to a homophobic rant from rapper Pastor Troy. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/lil-nas-x-best-response-homophobic-rant-rapper-pastor-troy-2020-1
S.B. 249, 2023-2024 88th Legislature, 88(R). (Texas 2023). https://legiscan.com/TX/text/SB249/id/2614453.
Schilt, K. & Westbrook, L. (2009). Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity. Gender & Society, 23(4), pp. 440-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243209340034
Schuster, M. A., Reisner, S. L., & Onorato, S. E. (2016). Beyond bathrooms—Meeting the health needs of transgender people. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375(2), pp. 101–103. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1605912
Seelman, K. L. (2014). Transgender Individuals’ Access to College Housing and Bathrooms: Findings from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 26(2), pp. 186–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2014.891091
Selvaraj, A.R. (2023). "OK, Groomer":(Post) Truth Rhetoric and Transphobia (138) [Master's thesis, Nova Southeastern University]. NSUWorks, https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/138.
Sharp, S. (2024). Monstrosity and Trans Literature. In: Vakoch, D.A. & Sharp, S. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Trans Literature (pp. 175-184). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003365938
Sidiropoulou, K. (2020). Gender Identity Minorities and Workplace Legislation in Europe. In: Zimmermann, K. (Ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. (pp. 1-25). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_34-1
Silverblatt, A. (2004). Media as Social Institution. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(1), pp. 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204267249
Slater, D. (2015, Jan. 29). The Fire on the 57 Bus in Oakland. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/magazine/the-fire-on-the-57-bus-in-oakland.html
Sloop, J.M. (2000). Disciplining the Transgendered: Brandon Teena, Public Representation, and Normativity. Western Journal of Communication, 64(2), pp. 165-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310009374670
Smith, D.L. (2021). Making Monsters: The Uncanny Power of Dehumanization. Harvard University Press.
Smith, J.L. (2007). Critical discourse analysis for nursing research. Nursing Inquiry, 14(1), pp. 60-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2007.00355.x
Srikummoon P., Thanutan Y., Manojai N., Prasitwattanaseree S., Boonyapisomparn N., Kummaraka U., Pateekhum C., Chiawkhun P., Owatsakul C., Maneeton B., et al. (2022). Discrimination against and Associated Stigma Experienced by Transgender Women with Intersectional Identities in Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24):16532. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416532
Stryker, S. (2006). (De)Subjugated Knowledges: An Introduction to Transgender Studies. In: Skryker, S. & Whittle, S. (Eds.), The Transgender Studies Reader. (pp. 1-18).
Sugano, E., Nemoto, T. & Operario, D. (2006). The Impact of Exposure to Transphobia on HIV Risk Behavior in a Sample of Transgendered Women of Color in San Francisco. AIDS and Behavior, 10, pp. 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-005-9040-z
Sule, J.M. (2023). Bodies, Bodies, and More Bodies: The Femal Body in Horror Media (Order No. 30540605) [Master’s Thesis, Bowling Green State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/bodies-more-female-body-horror-media/docview/2814879056/se-2
Suprayogi, S., Lestiani, S., & Sa’adah, R.A. (2023). Representation of Gender Ideology Issue in Matt Walsh’s Speech: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Journal of English Teaching & Applied Linguistics, 4(2), pp. 145-152. https://doi.org/10.36655/jetal.v4i2.1116
Świder, M., & Winiewski, M. (2017). Sytuacja Społeczna Osób LGBTA w Polsce. Raport za lata 2015–2016 [The social situation of LGBTA people in Poland. The report from 2015-2016]. Warszawa: Kampania przeciw Homofobii.
Taylor, D.M. & Raadt, J. (2020). Gay- and Straight-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Sterotyping About Teaching Effectiveness. Journal of Research in Music Education, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429420948229
Thomson, P. (1972). The Grotesque. Methuen & Co. Ltd.
Tebbe, E. N., & Moradi, B. (2012). Anti-transgender prejudice: A structural equation model of associated constructs. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(2), pp. 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026990
Tobia, J. (2017, March 23). Why All Bathrooms Should Be Gender Neutral. Time. https://time.com/4702962/gender-neutral-bathrooms/
Tracy, S.J. (2020). Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact (2nd ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
Two-Spirited People of Manitoba Inc. (2016). Author Joseph Boyden and the two-spirit human rights movement [Press release]. Retrieved March 1, 2024, from http://2spirits.com/PDFolder/Two%20Spirited%20People%20of%20Manitoba%20Inc%20%20F or%20Immediate%20Release%2012%2030%202016.pdf.
Tzouvala, N. (2021, Feb. 3). Salvaging the ‘RF’: Radical Feminism and Trans Exclusion. Critical Legal Thinking. https://criticallegalthinking.com/2021/02/03/salvaging-the-rf-radical-feminism-and-trans-exclusion/
van Dijk, T.A. (1995). Aims of Critical Discourse Analysis. Japanese Discourse, 1, pp. 17-27. https://discourses.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Teun-A.-van-Dijk-1995-Aims-of-critical-discourse-analysis.pdf
Violet, M. (2018). Yes, You Are Trans Enough [eBook edition]. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Walch, S.E., Ngamake, S.T., Francisco, J., Stitt, R.L., & Shingler, K.A. (2012). The Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale: Psychometric Properties. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, pp. 1283–1291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9995-6
Wålinder, J. (1968). Transsexualism: Definition, prevalence and sex distribution. Acta, Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 203, pp. 255-257.
Ward, A.F., Zheng, J., & Broniarczyk, S. (2022). I Share, Therefore I Know? Sharing—Even Without Reading—Inflates Subjective Knowledge. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 33(3), pp. 469-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1321.
Wesolek, J. (2023, May 11). Republican Party of Texas Calls for Passage of SB 14 to Ban the Gender Modification of Children. Republican Party of Texas. https://texasgop.org/gender-mod-call/
White, J.B. (1987). Heracles’ Bow: Persuasion and Community in Sophocles’ Philoctetes. Law Quadrangle, 32(1), 25-31. https://repository.law.umich.edu/lqnotes/vol32/iss1/6
White, J.B. (1984). When Words Lose Their Meaning: Constitutions and Reconstitutions of Language, Character, and Community. The University of Chicago Press.
Wiggins, T.B.D. (2020). The Pervert on Your Couch. In: Jacobsen, G.J., Niemira, J.C., & Violeta, K.J. (Eds.), Sex, Sexuality, and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors (pp. 155-181). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Williams, C. & Rawson, K.J. (2014). Transgender*: The Rhetorical Landscape Of A Term. Present Tense: A Journal of Rhetoric in Society, 3(2), pp. 1-10. https://www.presenttensejournal.org/volume-3/transgender-the-rhetorical-landscape-of-a-term/
Willoughby, B. L. B., Hill, D. B., Gonzalez, C. A., Lacorazza, A., Macapagal, R. A., Barton, M. E., & Doty, N. D. (2010). Who Hates Gender Outlaws? A Multisite and Multinational Evaluation of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale. International Journal of Transgenderism, 12(4), pp. 254–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2010.550821
Winston, G. T. (1901). The Relation of the Whites to the Negroes. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 18, 105–118. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1009885.
WoLF – Women’s Liberation Front. (n.d). Herstory of WoLF. https://womensliberationfront.org/herstory-of-wolf
WoLF – Women’s Liberation Front. (2022). Impact Report 2021. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f232ea74d8342386a7ebc52/t/62fd230ddde4d5283e51bb50/1660756750706/Revised+FINAL_+WoLF+Impact+Report+2021.pdf
Worthen, M.G.F. (2016). Hetero-cis-normativity and the gendering of transphobia. International Journal of Transgenderism, 17(1), pp. 31-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1149538
Worthen, M.G.F. (2021). Why Can’t You Just Pick One? The Stigmatization of Non-binary/Genderqueer People by Cis and Trans Men and Women: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory. Sex Roles, 85, pp. 343-356. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01216-z
Yamada, H. GID as an Acceptable Minority; or, The Alliance between Moral Conservatives and “Gender Critical” Feminists in Japan. Transgender Studies Quarterly, 9(3), pp. 501-506. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9836162
Yang, X., Wang, L., Hao, C., Gu, Y., Song, W., Wang, J., Chang, M.M., & Zhao, Q. (2015). Sex Partnership and Self-Efficacy Influence Depression in Chinese Transgender Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLOS ONE, 10(9): e0136975.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136975
Yi, S., Tuot, S., Chhim, S., Chhoun, P., Mun, P., & Mburu, G. (2018). Exposure to gender-based violence and depressive symptoms among transgender women in Cambodia: findings from the National Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey 2016. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0206-2
Zimman, L. (2013). Hegemonic masculinity and the variability of gay-sounding speech: The perceived sexuality of transgender men. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 2(1), pp. 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.2.1.01zim |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
111461002 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111461002 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 100201.pdf | | 5246Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
