政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/150193

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题名:	極端女權的言說論戰——新浪微博中「反女權」論述的分析 The Discursive Contention of Extreme Feminism in China: Discourse Analysis of “Anti-Feminism” on Sina Weibo
作者:	單蔓婷 Shan, Man-Ting
贡献者:	方念萱 Fang, Nien-Hsuan 單蔓婷 Shan, Man-Ting
关键词:	女性主義在中國女性主義污名化反女性主義線上厭女性別論戰極端女權女性主義數位行動女性主義批判言說分析新浪微博中國社群媒體中國網路民族主義 Feminism in China Stigmatization of feminism Anti-feminism Online misogyny Gender-issue debate Extreme feminism Digital feminism activism Feminist critical discourse analysis Weibo Chinese social media Chinese cyber nationalism
日期:	2024
上传时间:	2024-03-01 13:49:54 (UTC+8)
摘要:	近年中國社群網站中的性別論戰空前激烈，「女權主義」遭污名與抹黑都已不是新鮮事，但在2022年4月12日「@共青團中央」官媒發文批「極端女權已成網絡毒瘤！」，仍在微博引發巨大爭議。本研究使用爬蟲軟體，收集4月12日「@共青團中央」發文後的24小時中，微博上與「極端女權」相關的網友討論。總計獲得23,507則貼文，經資料清洗，還原出2,140組網友對話。本研究嘗試搭配量化語料庫與女性主義批判言說分析（FCDA），先通過語料庫工具識別出文本的用詞概況，分析「極端女權」系列論述形成的輿論氛圍，在網民無數次轉發過程中，「女權」論述被框定為何種樣貌；再回到關鍵詞所在的上下文中，分析網民一來一回的言說論戰如何呈現出當前中國社會的性別對立議題，網民又會如何理解、附和、或回擊官方污名「女權主義」的手段；最後將言說特徵放入中國當代政治、社會脈絡進行詮釋。研究發現，雖然女權一詞的污名用法仍是主流，但特別強調「真女權」與「假女權、田園女權」之分的用法已明顯減少，取而代之的是直接將女權定調為「極端」。同時，看似與「@共青團中央」發文無關的婚姻家庭（如彩禮、聘金、婚前婚後財產等）與生育議題（如生育偏好、子女從姓、家事勞動分工），也成為這次性別論戰的熱點話題，男性網民將其標定為女性剝削、欺壓男性的罪證，女性網民則以反諷等策略點出女性的生存困境，這側面反應出女權主義已成為中國社會結構問題的替罪羔羊。最後，本研究也發現以民族主義為特徵的厭女話語被構建出來，女權主義被污名為出於政治目與西方勢力同流合污的極端主義，女權主義者則是非我族類的「他者」。這種民族主義話語與厭女言論的協同作用，使得反女權主義者們更加團結，提升偏見言論的正當性。 Lately, the gender-issue debate on Chinese social media has been exceptionally intense. Feminism often faces stigma and shame, but on April 12, 2022, the official media of "@The Communist Youth League" issued a document criticizing the idea that "extreme feminism has become the cancer", sparking controversy on Weibo. This study utilized Web-Crawler software to gather netizen discussions related to "extreme feminism" on Weibo within 24 hours after the document was issued by The Communist Youth League on April 12. A total of 23,507 posts were made. Following the data cleaning, 2,140 groups of online conversations by netizens were recovered. This study uses quantitative corpus and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA). The text's profile is first recognized using a corpus tool to analyze the public opinion atmosphere created by discussions on "extreme feminism" series. Through numerous forwards by netizens, the discussion on "feminism" took on a concrete form. This study revisits the context of keywords to analyze how discourse controversy among netizens reflects gender antagonism in contemporary Chinese society, and how netizens interpret, respond to, or challenge the official stigma surrounding "feminism." The speech feature is finally explained in the context of Chinese contemporary political and social. This study found that although the stigma of feminism is still mainstream, the use of the term that emphasizing the difference between "true feminism" and "false feminism" has apparently decreased. In contrast, feminism is directly deemed as "extremity." In addition, marriage and family matters (such as bride price, dowry, pre-marital and postnuptial property, etc.) and fertility issues (such as reproductive preferences, child's surname, and division of domestic labor) seemingly unrelated to the document issued by The Communist Youth League, have also become hot topics in the gender debate. Male netizens see it as evidence of crime that females exploit and oppress males, while female netizens use irony and other strategies to point out the plight of women's survival, which reflects that feminism has become the scapegoat of Chinese social problems. This study also found that a misogynistic discourse characterized by nationalism was constructed, whereby feminism was stigmatized as an extremist that was complicit with the West for political purposes, and feminists were the "other" who were not part of our community. This synergy between nationalist discourse and misogynistic speech has united anti-feminists and elevated the credibility of biased speech.
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