政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/149463

政大典藏 > College of Liberal Arts > Doctor`s / Master`s Program in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language > Theses > Item 140.119/149463

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/149463

Title:	探究語境因素與個人語境敏銳度對於選擇華語否定詞「不」與「沒」的影響 Investigating the effects of sentential context and individual context-sensitivity in the choice between negators bu and mei in Mandarin
Authors:	陳薌如 Chen, Xiang-Ru
Contributors:	賴瑶鍈 Lai, Yao-Ying 陳薌如 Chen, Xiang-Ru
Keywords:	華語否定詞語句處理語境整合個體差異語境敏銳度 Mandarin negators sentence processing contextual integration individual differences context sensitivity
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2024-02-01 10:53:15 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	「不」與「沒」作為最常使用的否定詞，兩否定詞的使用常因為語境的不同而產生差異，這便造成華語學習者使用兩否定詞上的困難。一般而言，「不」的語意特徵包括 [＋意願性] 和 [－有界性] ，「沒」的語意特徵為 [－意願性] 和 [＋有界性]。本研究旨在探討語境因素 [±意願性] 、 [±有界性] 和個人語境敏銳度對華語母語者使用「不」與「沒」的影響，以及處理負荷上的差異。研究者操控 [±意願性] 和 [±有界性] 兩項自變項於目標句前的語境句，以計時問卷 (timed questionnaire) 記錄實驗參與者 (i) 目標句所選擇的否定詞 (「不」或「沒」) ，以及 (ii) 作答反應時間。另考量到每個人語境敏銳度的不同，本研究以自閉症指數量表 (Autism-spectrum Quotient, AQ) 作為語境敏銳度的指標，探討個人差異是否影響兩否定詞的選擇。實驗結果發現，語境中的 [±有界性] 顯著影響否定詞的選擇，而 [±意願性] × [±有界性] ，以及高低AQ組 × [±意願性] 的交互作用，亦顯著影響否定詞的選擇。在處理負荷上， [±意願性] 顯著影響反應時間，且AQ組別 × [±意願性] × [±有界性] 三者呈顯著交互作用。研究結果主要發現有三： (i) 語境中的 [±有界性] 訊息對選擇「不」或「沒」的影響強度大於 [±意願性] ； (ii) 低AQ組 (語境敏銳度高) 選擇否定詞時，因較易考量語境中的主語 [±意願性] ，而較容易選擇與 [＋意願性] 語意特徵相符的「不」; (iii) 高AQ組在面對需要思考主語 [＋意願性] 時，會產生較大的處理負荷。華語教學時，可先就兩否定詞在 [±有界性] 的語意差異進行教學，當學習者程度提高時，再帶入 [±意願性] 的解讀。由於個人對語句的解讀存在差異，教師應以更大的語境脈絡釐清學習者欲表達的內容，選出最合適的否定詞。本研究不僅在語言層次上看到選擇「不」或「沒」時，語境中 [±有界性] 訊息的影響力大於 [±意願性] ，也從個人對 [±意願性] 敏銳度的差異中看到個人語境敏銳度對語言使用的影響，以及語句解讀中處理負荷的差異。 This study investigates the influence of contextual factors [±volition], [±boundedness] and individuals’ context-sensitivity on the choice of two negators, bu and mei, among native Mandarin speakers, as well as differences in processing load. Generally, bu matches the semantic features of [+volition] and [-boundedness], while mei is characterized by [-volition] and [+boundedness]. However, individuals may interpret sentences containing bu and mei differently. The investigator manipulated two semantic features, [±volition] and [±boundedness], in context sentences preceding target negative sentences. Recording the participants' (i) choice of bu and mei in the target sentences and (ii) response times. Considering variations in individuals’ context-sensitivity, the investigator measured the participants’ Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) as an index and examined its effect on negator processing. The main findings are threefold: (i) the influence of [±boundedness] in context was greater than that of [±volition] on the choice between bu and mei; (ii) lower-AQ individuals (indexing higher context sensitivity) were more inclined to consider [±volition] in context, choosing bu more often when the context signaled [+volition] of the subject referent; and (iii) higher-AQ individuals took longer when incorporating this [+volition] feature in context. This study shows that the influence of contextual [±boundedness] information is greater than [±volition] when choosing between bu and mei for negative sentences. Additionally, results reveal the influence of individuals’ context-sensitivity to [±volition] in context when sentence processing requires contextual integration.
Reference:	王欣 (2007)。「不」和「沒(有)」的認知語義分析。語言教學與研究，(4)，26-33。石毓智 (2001)。肯定和否定的對稱與不對稱。北京語言文化大學出版社。呂叔湘 (2007)。現代漢語八百詞（增訂本）。商務印書館。沈家煊 (1995)。「有界」與「無界」。中國語文，(5)，367-380。李瑛 (1992）。「不」的否定意義。語言教學與研究，(2)，61-70。李曉丹 (2012)。對外漢語語法教學中的否定詞教學.。宜賓學院學報，(10)，73-76。李鐵根 (2003)。「不」、「沒(有)」的用法及其所受的時間制約。漢語學習，(2)，1-7。林若望 (2002）。論現代漢語的時制意義。語言暨語言學，3(1)，1-25。國立台灣大學醫學院附設醫院精神醫學部 (2015)。與自閉症特質同行。衛生福利部。陳海生 (2005)。先秦漢語否定副詞與他類副詞雙項連用考察。阜陽師範學院學報(社會科學版），(3)，38-40。陳淑芬、陳力綺 (2017）。現代漢語否定詞「不」和「沒」的句法、語意和言談/語用特點及其教學應用。University System of Taiwan Working Paper in Linguistic，(9)，189-202。賀倩 (2015)。否定副詞「不」和「沒」的用法辨析。亞太教育，(1)，75-76。劉月華、潘文娛、故韡 (1996)。實用現代漢語語法。師大書苑。劉愛群 (2004)。「構造化輸入」日本漢語初級階段教學中的應用—從否定副詞「不」和「沒」的習得到教學活動設計。中國語教育，(2)，82-106。鄧守信、王佩卿、陳慶華、黃桂英 (2015)。當代中文課程課本1。聯經出版公司。謝佳玲 (2006)。漢語情態詞的語意界定: 語料庫為本的研究。中國語文研究，1，45-63。蔣國輝 (1994)。漢語否定結構說略。求是學刊，(1)，88-93。戴耀晶 (2000）。試論現代漢語的否定範疇。語言教學與研究，(3)，45-49。聶仁發 (2001)。否定詞「不」與「沒有」的語義特徵及其時間意義。漢語學習，(1)，21-27。 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5™ (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. Baayen, R. (2008). Analyzing Linguistic Data: A Practical Introduction to Statistics using R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baron-Cohen, S. (2001). Theory of mind in normal development and autism. Prisme, 34(1), 74-183. Baron-Cohen, S. (2015, May 14). ASD vs. ASC: Is one small letter important [Oral presentation]. International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR), London. https://insar.confex.com/imfar/2015/webprogram/Paper19861.html Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21(1), 37-46. Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, malesand females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5-17. Bates, Douglas; Martin Mächler; Ben Bolker; and Steve Walker. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67(1).1–48. Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (1975). Sentence comprehension: a psycholinguistic processing model of verification. Psychological Review, 82(1), 45. Chen, P. (1988). On the ternary structure of the time system of modern Chinese (論現代漢語時間系統的三元結構). Studies of the Chinese Language, 401-421. Dennis, M., Lazenby, A. L., & Lockyer, L. (2001). Inferential language in high-function children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 47-54. Depraetere, I. (1995). On the necessity of distinguishing between (un) boundedness and (a) telicity. Linguistics and Philosophy, 18(1), 1-19. Frith, U., & Happé, F. (1994). Autism: Beyond “theory of mind”. Cognition, 50(1-3), 115-132. Hagoort, P., & Brown, C. (1994). Brain responses to lexical ambiguity resolution and parsing. Perspectives on Sentence Processing, 14, 45-80. Singmann, H., Bolker, B., Westfall, J., Aust, F., & Ben-Shachar, M. S. (2023). afex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments (R Package Version 1.3-0) [Computer software]. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=afex Howard, P. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Benson, V. (2017). Investigating the use of world knowledge during on-line comprehension in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(7), 2039-2053. Huang, C. R., & Shi, D. (Eds.). (2016). A reference grammar of Chinese. Cambridge University Press. Kaup, B., Yaxley, R. H., Madden, C. J., Zwaan, R. A., & Lüdtke, J. (2007). Experiential simulations of negated text information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(7), 976-990. Lai, Y. Y., & Lai, H. L. (2023). Impact of social cognitive propensity on the processing of nontransparent sentential meaning. Journal of Pragmatics, 205, 33-62. Lai, Y. Y., Sakai, H., & Makuuchi, M. (2023). Neural underpinnings of processing combinatorial unstated meaning and the influence of individual cognitive style. Cerebral Cortex, 33(18), 10013-10027. Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar: Theoretical prerequisites (Vol. 1). Stanford University Press. Lau, W. Y. P., Gau, S. S. F., Chiu, Y. N., Wu, Y. Y., Chou, W. J., Liu, S. K., & Chou, M. C. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(1), 294-305. Li, C. N., & Thompson, S. A. (1989). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar (Vol. 3). University of California Press. Lin, J., & Peck, J. (2016). Classification of Mandarin Chinese simple adjectives: A scale-based analysis of their quantitative denotations. Language and Linguistics, 17(6), 827-855. Mayo, R., Schul, Y., & Burnstein, E. (2004). “I am not guilty” vs “I am innocent”: Successful negation may depend on the schema used for its encoding. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(4), 433-449. Pijnacker, J., Geurts, B., Van Lambalgen, M., Buitelaar, J., & Hagoort, P. (2010). Exceptions and anomalies: An ERP study on context sensitivity in autism. Neuropsychologia, 48(10), 2940-2951. Ruzich, E., Allison, C., Smith, P., Watson, P., Auyeung, B., Ring, H., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2015). Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females. Molecular Autism, 6(1), 1-12. Teng, S. H. (1974). Verb classification and its pedagogical extensions. Journal of the Chinese Teachers Association, 9, 84-92. Tian, Y., & Breheny, R. (2016). Dynamic pragmatic view of negation processing. Negation and Polarity: Experimental Perspectives, 21-43. Vendler, Z. (1957). Verbs and times. The Philosophical Review, 66(2), 143-160. Wang, Y. F. (2008). Beyond negation—the roles of meiyou and bushi in Mandarin conversation. Language Sciences, 30(6), 679-713. Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: Epidemiology and classification. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9, 11-29. Xiao, Z., & McEnery, A. (2004). A corpus-based two-level model of situation aspect. Journal of Linguistics, 40(2), 325-363. Zhang, H., Wang, Y., & Vanek, N. (2022). Negation processing in Chinese–English bilinguals: insights from the Stroop paradigm and an orientation task. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 1-18. Zhang, M., Piñango, M.M., & Deo, A. (2022). Word-meaning variation in English have-sentences: The impact of cognitive versus social factors on individuals' linguistic context-sensitivity. Language, 98(1), 123-156. Zhang, Z., & Shikun, L. (2021). Chinese does have independent tense elements: Zai and guo as tense markers. Chinese Semiotic Studies, 17(1), 45-69.
Description:	碩士國立政治大學華語文教學碩博士學位學程 109161003
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109161003
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Doctor`s / Master`s Program in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language] Theses

Files in This Item:

File	Description	Size	Format
100301.pdf		3240Kb	Adobe PDF	2	View/Open

社群 sharing

Loading...