政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/146273
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113451/144438 (79%)
造访人次 : 51310764      在线人数 : 885
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146273


    题名: 孔子學院在美國的成就與缺失：比較研究的觀點
    Achievements and Failures of the Confucius Institutes in the United States: A Comparative Study
    作者: 李建佑
    Lee, Chien-You
    贡献者: 李明
    Lee, Ming
    李建佑
    Lee, Chien-You
    关键词: 孔子學院
    中國
    美國
    中美關係
    公眾外交
    軟實力
    比較研究
    Confucius Institute
    China
    United States of America
    Sino-US Relations
    Public Diplomacy
    Soft Power
    Comparative Study
    日期: 2023
    上传时间: 2023-08-02 12:56:40 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 近年來，隨著中國的崛起以及美中間的權力角逐，作為中國語言文化推廣及公眾外交機構的孔子學院已成為國際舞台上的重要議題。本研究旨在分析孔子學院在美國的成就與缺失，透過內容分析方法探討相關資料，同時從比較研究的角度考察美國孔子學院與德國、泰國孔子學院之間的異同。研究結果顯示，作為教育機構方面，孔子學院在美國取得了許多成就。從中國的角度觀察，這些成就包括滿足美國人民學習中文的需求、增進美國人民對中國語言及文化的瞭解，以及促進中美兩國的教育及文化交流合作。而從美國的角度觀察，孔子學院提供了美國學生學習中文和接觸中國的機會、協助美國高等教育機構加速國際化並獲取中國資源，同時支援美國政府發展外語教育的目標。然而，作為公眾外交工具，美國的孔子學院卻存在著不少缺失。對中國而言，孔子學院未能進一步提升美國中文教育的品質、改善中國在美國大眾心目中的形象，以及加深中美之間的友好關係。對美國而言，孔子學院可能侵害美國高等教育的學術自由、威脅美國軟實力的發展，甚至可能存在情報竊取的風險。此外，本研究藉由公眾外交、攻勢現實主義以及社會建構主義等理論的應用，發現美國孔子學院的發展成敗關鍵在於中美關係和美國對中國的認知。
    The Confucius Institute has gained significant attention on the international stage amidst escalating tensions between China and the United States. This study aims to assess the achievements and failures of Confucius Institutes in the United States by employing content analysis to extract insights from various sources. It also utilizes a comparative study to examine the similarities and differences of Confucius Institutes in the United States, Germany, and Thailand. The findings of this study reveal that Confucius Institutes have achieved considerable success as educational organizations in the United States. For China, they have satisfied demand of Americans for Chinese language learning, enhanced their understanding of Chinese language and culture, and strengthened educational and cultural exchange and cooperation between China and the United States. For the United States, Confucius Institutes have provided individuals with better opportunities to learn Chinese and engage with China, facilitated the internationalization of universities and offered them access to Chinese resources, and supported the government in improving foreign language education. However, the Confucius Institutes have failed to function as effective tools of China’s public diplomacy in the United States. For China, they have not succeeded in enhancing the quality of Chinese education, improving China’s image among the American general public, and deepening friendly relationships between China and the US. For the United States, Confucius Institutes have raised concerns regarding the academic freedom within US higher education institutions, the potential threat to US soft power, and the possibility of intelligence breaches. Furthermore, employing the theories of public diplomacy, offensive realism, and constructivism, this study identifies that the survival of Confucius Institutes in the United States is primarily determined by Sino-US relations and the perceptions of the United States towards China.
    參考文獻: [English Sources]

    1. Government Documents
    Census Bureau. 2012. “The Asian Population: 2010.” The United States of America.
    Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate. 2011. “Another U.S. Deficit -China and America- Public Diplomacy in the Age of the Internet.” The United States of America.
    Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the United States Senate. 2019. “China’s Impact on the U.S. Education System.” The United States of America.
    Department of State. 2020. “Designation of the Confucius Institute U.S. Center as a Foreign Mission of the PRC.” The United States of America. Last modified August 13, 2020. https://2017-2021.state.gov/designation-of-the-confucius-institute-u-s-center-as-a-foreign-mission-of-the-prc/index.html.
    European Council on Foreign Relations. 2012. “China and Germany: Why the Emerging Special Relationship Matters for Europe.” European Union.
    Government Accountability Office. 2019. “China: Agreements Establishing Confucius Institutes at U.S. Universities are Similar, but Institute Operations Vary.” The United States of America.
    Kultusministerkonferenz. 2011. “Chinesisch an Schulen in Deutschland.” Germany.
    Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate. 2018. “Open Hearing on Worldwide Threats.” The United States of America.
    Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of House Committee on Foreign Affairs. 2012. “Confucius Institutes: Trojan Horses with Chinese Characteristics.” The United States of America.
    The White House. 2015. “Fact Sheet: Advancing the Rebalance to Asia and the Pacific.” The United States of America. Last modified November 16, 2015. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/fact-sheet-advancing-rebalance-asia-and-pacific.
    The White House. 2017. “National Security Strategy of the United States of America.” The United States of America.
    The White House. 2018. “Remarks by Vice President Pence on the Administration’s Policy Toward China.” The United States of America. Last modified October 4, 2018. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-administrations-policy-toward-china.
    United States Congress. 2018. “H.R.5515 - John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019.” The United States of America. Last modified August 13, 2018. https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5515.

    2. Books
    Allison, Graham. 2017. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
    Babbie, Earl. 2013. The Practice of Social Research. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
    Benner, Thorsten, Jan Gaspers, Mareike Ohlberg, Lucrezia Poggetti, and Kristin Shi-Kupfer. 2018. Authoritarian Advance: Responding to China’s Growing Political Influence in Europe. Berlin: Global Public Policy Institute and Mercator Institute for China Studies.
    Brady, Anne-Marie. 2011. China’s Thought Management. London: Routledge.
    Gil, Jeffrey. 2017. Soft Power and the Worldwide Promotion of Chinese Language Learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
    Hartig, Falk. 2016. Chinese Public Diplomacy: The Rise of the Confucius Institute. London: Routledge.
    Kurlantzick, Joshua. 2007. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power is Transforming the World. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
    Li, Linda Mingfang. 2018. Language Management and Its Impact: The Policies and Practices of Confucius Institutes. New York: Routledge.
    Mearsheimer, John J. 2014. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
    Melissen, Jan. 2005. The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    Nye, Joseph S. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.
    Peterson, Rachelle. 2017. Outsourced to China: Confucius Institutes and Soft Power in American Higher Education. New York: National Association of Scholars.
    Peterson, Rachelle. 2022. After Confucius Institutes: China’s Enduring Influence on American Higher Education. New York: National Association of Scholars.
    Sahlins, Marshall. 2015. Confucius Institutes: Academic Malware. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
    Shirk, Susan L. 2008. China: Fragile Superpower. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Simcox, Robin. 2009. A Degree of Influence: The Funding of Strategically Important Subjects in UK Universities. London: Henry Jackson Society.
    Stambach, Amy. 2014. Confucius and Crisis in American Universities: Culture, Capital, and Diplomacy in U.S. Public Higher Education. New York: Routledge.
    Tuch, Hans N. 1990. Communicating with the World: U.S. Public Diplomacy Overseas. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
    Wang, Gungwu and Yongnian Zheng. 2008. China and the New International Order. London: Routledge.
    Wang, Xiuli. 2020. Winning American Hearts and Minds: China’s Image Building Efforts in the 21st Century. Singapore: Springer.
    Wendt, Alexander. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Zhao, Suisheng. 2022. The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy. California: Stanford University Press.
    Zhu, Ying, Joseph S. Nye, Kingsley Edney, and Stanley Rosen. 2019. Soft Power with Chinese Characteristics: China’s Campaign for Hearts and Minds. London: Routledge.

    3. Periodicals
    Chew, Grace Chye Lay. 2007. “The Confucius Institute in the World: An Overview.” CHC Bulletin, vol. 9, May, pp. 13-19.
    Cull, Nicholas. 2008. “Public Diplomacy Taxonomies and Histories.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 616, March, pp. 31-54.
    Ding, Sheng and Robert A. Saunders. 2006. “Talking Up China: An Analysis of China’s Rising Cultural Power and Global Promotion of the Chinese Language.” East Asia, vol. 23, no. 2, Summer, pp. 3-33.
    Hughes, Christopher R. 2014. “Confucius Institutes and the University: Distinguishing the Political Mission from the Cultural.” Issues and Studies, vol. 50, no. 4, December, pp. 45-83.
    Kapustina, Larisa, Ľudmila Lipková, Yakov Silin, and Andrei Drevalev. 2020. “US-China Trade War: Causes and Outcomes.” SHS Web of Conferences, vol. 73, pp. 1-13.
    Kim, Woosang and Scott Gates. 2015. “Power Transition Theory and the Rise of China.” International Area Studies Review, vol. 18, no.3, September, pp. 219-226.
    Li, Hsi Chang, Sam Mirmirani, and Joseph A. Ilacqua. 2009. “Confucius Institutes: Distributed Leadership and Knowledge Sharing in a Worldwide Network.” The Learning Organization, vol. 16, no. 6, September, pp. 469-482.
    Li, Shuai and G. Richard Tucker. 2013. “A Survey of the U.S. Confucius Institutes: Opportunities and Challenges in Promoting Chinese Language and Culture Education.” Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, vol. 48, no. 1, February, pp. 29-53.
    Lien, Donald, Chang Hoon Oh, and W. Travis Selmier. 2012. “Confucius Institute Effects on China’s Trade and FDI: Isn’t it Delightful when Folks afar Study Hanyu?” International Review of Economics and Finance, vol. 21, no. 1, January, pp. 147-155.
    Lien, Donald, Sucharita Ghosh, and Steven Yamarik. 2014. “Does the Confucius Institute Impact International Travel to China? A Panel Data Analysis.” Applied Economics, vol. 46, no. 17, February, pp. 1985-1995.
    Liu, Xin. 2019. “So Similar, So Different, So Chinese: Analytical Comparisons of the Confucius Institute with its Western Counterparts.” Asian Studies Review, vol. 43, no. 2, April, pp. 256-275.
    Lo, Joe Tin-yau and Suyan Pan. 2016. “Confucius Institutes and China’s Soft Power: Practices and Paradoxes.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 512-532.
    Lueck, Therese L., Val S. Pipps, and Yang Lin. 2014. “China’s Soft Power: A New York Times Introduction of the Confucius Institute.” Howard Journal of Communications, vol. 25, no. 3, July, pp. 324-349.
    McCord, Edward A. 2019. “Where’s the Beef? Confucius Institutes and Chinese Studies in American Universities.” Critical Asian Studies, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 426-432.
    Nguyen, Van Chinh. 2014. “Confucius Institutes in the Mekong Region: China’s Soft Power or Soft Border?” Issues and Studies, vol. 50, no. 4, December, pp. 85-117.
    Nye, Joseph S. 1990. “Soft Power.” Foreign Policy, vol. 1, no. 80, Autumn, pp. 153-171.
    Pan, Su-yan. 2013. “Confucius Institute Project: China’s Cultural Diplomacy and Soft Power Projection.” Asian Education and Development Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, January, pp. 22-33.
    Paradise, James F. 2009. “China and International Harmony: The Role of Confucius Institutes in Bolstering Beijing’s Soft Power.” Asian Survey, vol. 49, no. 4, July-August, pp. 647-669.
    Park, Jae. 2013. “Cultural Artefact, Ideology Export or Soft Power? Confucius Institute in Peru.” International Studies in Sociology of Education, vol. 23, no. 1, March, pp. 1-16.
    Ren, Zhe. 2012. “The Confucius Institutes and China’s Soft Power.” IDE Discussion Paper, vol. 330, March, pp. 1-22.
    Roy, Denny. 1996. “The ‘China Threat’ Issue: Major Arguments.” Asian Survey, vol. 36, no. 8, Summer, pp. 758-771.
    Starr, Don. 2009. “Chinese Language Education in Europe: the Confucius Institutes.” European Journal of Education, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 65-82.
    Tungkeunkunt, Kornphanat and Kanya Phuphakdi. 2018. “Blood is Thicker Than Water: A History of the Diplomatic Discourse ‘China and Thailand Are Brothers’.” Asian Perspective, vol. 42, October, pp. 597-621.
    Wang, Danping and Bob Adamson. 2015. “War and Peace: Perceptions of Confucius Institutes in China and USA.” Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, vol. 24, no. 1, March, pp. 225-234.
    Wang, Yujiao. 2019. “Confucius Institutes in Thailand: Revealing the Multi-dimensionality of China’s Public Diplomacy.” Journal of the Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, no. 37, March, pp. 99-113.
    Wendt, Alexander. 1992. “Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics.” International Organization, vol. 46, no. 2, Spring, pp. 391-425.
    Wendt, Alexander. 1995. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security, vol. 20, no. 1, Summer, pp. 71-81.
    Wheeler, Anita. 2014. “Cultural Diplomacy, Language Planning, and the Case of the University of Nairobi Confucius Institute.” Journal of Asian and African Studies, vol. 49, no. 1, February, pp. 49-63.
    Yang, Rui. 2010. “Soft Power and Higher Education: An Examination of China’s Confucius Institutes.” Globalisation, Societies and Education, vol. 8, no. 2, June, pp. 235-245.
    Yang, Yi Edward and Xinsheng Liu. 2012. “The ‘China Threat’ through the Lens of US Print Media: 1992-2006.” Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 21, no. 76, July, pp. 1-17.
    Yao, Weiming. 2014. “The New Middle Kingdom: The Symbolic Power of the Confucius Institute’s Pedagogical Approach.” China Media Research, vol. 10, no. 1, January, pp. 4-12.
    Zheng, Bijian. 2005. “China’s Peaceful Rise to Great-Power Status.” Foreign Affairs, vol. 84, no.5, September-October, pp. 18-24.
    Zhou, Ying. 2021. “Confucius Institute in the Sino-Thai Relations: A Display of China’s Soft Power.” Asian Journal of Social Science, vol. 49, no. 4, December, pp. 234-243.

    4. News or Magazine Articles
    Anonymous. 2004. “Powell: China Ties Best in 30 Years.” China Daily, November 4. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-11/14/content_391265.htm.
    Anonymous. 2008. “Hu, Obama Discuss China-US Relations.” China Daily, November 9. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-11/09/content_7187311.htm.
    Anonymous. 2009. “A Message from Confucius.” The Economist, October 24. https://www.economist.com/special-report/2009/10/24/a-message-from-confucius.
    Anonymous. 2015. “Confucius Says, Xi Does.” The Economist, July 25. https://www.economist.com/china/2015/07/25/confucius-says-xi-does.
    Anonymous. 2020. “FBI Director: China is ‘Greatest Threat’ to US.” British Broadcasting Corporation, July 8. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53329755.
    Aratani, Lori. 2006. “With a Changing World Comes an Urgency to Learn Chinese.” The Washington Post, August 26. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/25/AR2006082501418.html?noredirect=on.
    Associated Press. 2017. “China’s Xi Warns Trump of ‘Negative Factors’ Hurting US Ties.” Voice of America, July 3. https://www.voanews.com/a/china-xi-trump-us-ties/3926017.html.
    Belkin, Douglas. 2014. “Penn State Latest School to Drop China’s Confucius Institute.” The Wall Street Journal, October 1. https://www.wsj.com/articles/penn-state-latest-school-to-drop-chinas-confucius-institute-1412196655.
    Blitzer, Wolf. 1997. “Clinton Defends ‘Constructive Engagement’ of China.” Cable News Network, October 24. https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/10/24/clinton.china.
    Capriccioso, Rob. 2006. “Bush Push on ‘Critical’ Foreign Languages.” Inside Higher Ed, January 6. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/01/06/bush-push-critical-foreign-languages.
    Cheng, Guangjin and Wa Zhou. 2012. “China, Thailand Enhance Strategic Relationship.” China Daily, April 18. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-04/18/content_15073240.htm.
    Chen, Teping. 2014. “Thanks, But No Thanks, University of Chicago Tells Confucius Institute.” The Wall Street Journal, September 26. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-CJB-24220.
    Chen, Yingqi, Wangshu Luo, and Yingzi Tan. 2012. “US Targets Confucius Institutes Over Visas.” China Daily, May 25. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-05/25/content_15382529.htm.
    Craggs, Samantha. 2013. “McMaster Cuts Chinese Institute, Worried by Discrimination.” Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, February 12. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/mcmaster-cuts-chinese-institute-worried-by-discrimination-1.1321862.
    Dickinson Press Staff. 2012. “DSU Confucius Institute No More.” The Dickinson Press, February 8. https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/dsu-confucius-institute-no-more.
    Editorial Board. 2014. “The Price of Confucius Institutes.” The Washington Post, June 21. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-price-of-confucius-institutes/2014/06/21/4d7598f2-f7b6-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html.
    Giang, Chi Viet. 2010. “Does Beijing Have a Grip on Germany`s Sinologists?” Deutsche Welle, December 22. https://www.dw.com/en/does-beijing-have-a-grip-on-germanys-sinologists/a-6367465.
    Lewin, Tamar. 2003. “College Placement Program Expands Language Offerings.” The New York Times, December 6. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/06/us/college-placement-program-expands-language-offerings.html.
    Lieberthal, Kenneth G. 2011. “The American Pivot to Asia.” Brookings, December 21. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-american-pivot-to-asia.
    Mangan, Dan. 2020. “Trump Blames China for Coronavirus Pandemic: ‘The World is Paying a Very Big Price for What They Did’.” Consumer News and Business Channel, March 19. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/19/coronavirus-outbreak-trump-blames-china-for-virus-again.html.
    Miller, Marla R. 2016. “MSU’s Confucius Institute Leads in Chinese-language Learning.” Capital Gains, October 19. https://www.secondwavemedia.com/capitalgains/features/MSUconf1020.aspx.
    Moody, Oliver. 2020. “Swedes Axe China-Backed Confucius School Scheme as Relations Sour.” The Times, April 21. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/swedes-axe-china-backed-confucius-school-scheme-as-relations-sour-7n56ld2v3.
    Morris, Emma-Jo. 2015. “German University Breaks Ties with Chinese-Sponsored Institute.” The Washington Free Beacon, June 4. https://freebeacon.com/issues/german-university-breaks-ties-with-chinese-sponsored-institute.
    Nye, Joseph S. 2005. “The Rise of China’s Soft Power.” The Wall Street Journal Asia, December 29. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113580867242333272.
    Ramzy, Austin. 2006. “Get Ahead, Learn Mandarin.” Time Asia, June 19. https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2047305,00.html.
    Ricking, Christoph. 2012. “Party Mouthpiece.” Deutsche Welle, January 25. https://www.dw.com/en/critics-fear-influence-of-chinese-state-on-confucius-institute-affiliates/a-15688977.
    Ruan, Lotus. 2014. “Chinese Doubt Their Own Soft Power Venture: They Think Confucius Institutes are a Waste of Money.” Foreign Policy, October 17. https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/10/17/chinese-doubt-their-own-soft-power-venture.
    Sahlins, Marshall. 2013. “China U.” The Nation, October 30. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/china-u.
    Siriphon, Aranya and Fanzura Banu. 2022. “Chinese Students in Thailand: Cash Cow, At a Cost.” Yusof Ishak Institute, February 11. https://fulcrum.sg/chinese-students-in-thailand-cash-cow-at-a-cost.
    Siriphon, Aranya, Fanzura Banu, and Pagon Gatchalee. 2022. “New Chinese Migrants in Chiang Mai: Parallel Paths for Social Interaction and Cultural Adjustment.” Yusof Ishak Institute, April 6. https://fulcrum.sg/new-chinese-migrants-in-chiang-mai-parallel-paths-for-social-interaction-and-cultural-adjustment.
    Valera, Stephanie. 2009. “Hillary Clinton: ‘We Are Ready to Listen’ to Asia.” Asia Society, February 13. https://asiasociety.org/new-york/hillary-clinton-we-are-ready-listen-asia.
    Von Hein, Matthias. 2012. “Sino-German Relations.” Deutsche Welle, November 10. https://www.dw.com/en/40-years-of-sino-german-relations/a-16299632.
    Xi, Chen. 2020. “New NGO to Operate China’s Confucius Institutes, ‘Disperse Misinterpretation’.” Global Times, July 5. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1193584.shtml.
    Xing, Zhigang. 2006. “NPC Deputy Calls for Promoting Chinese.” China Daily, March 20. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-03/10/content_530648.htm.
    Xu, Jodi Klein. 2018. “US Lawmakers Seek to Force Confucius Institutes to Register as Foreign Agents.” South China Morning Post, March 22. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/2138313/us-lawmakers-seek-force-confucius-institutes-register-foreign-agents.

    5. Website Contents
    American Association of University Professors. “On Partnerships with Foreign Governments: The Case of Confucius Institutes.” Accessed March 20, 2023. https://www.aaup.org/report/confucius-institutes.
    American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “Foreign Language Enrollments in K–12 Public Schools: Are Students Prepared for a Global Society?” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20200409111344/https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/ReportSummary2011.pdf.
    Asia Society. “Expanding Chinese-Language Capacity in the United States.” Accessed March 15, 2023. http://www.internationaled.org/Chinese%20Lang%20Mtg%20Report%20081005.pdf.
    China File. “The Debate Over Confucius Institutes.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/debate-over-confucius-institutes.
    China File. “The Debate Over Confucius Institutes PART II.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/debate-over-confucius-institutes-part-ii#comment-601.
    Chinese International Education Foundation. “Global Network.” Accessed October 10, 2021. https://www.cief.org.cn/qq.
    Confucius Institute. “History.” Accessed February 9, 2023. https://ci.cn/#/bottomDetail/Process.
    Confucius Institute. “Network: The CI Worldwide.” Accessed July 1, 2023. https://ci.cn/en/qqwl.
    European Commission. “Countries and Regions - China.” Accessed June 1, 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/china.
    Goethe University Frankfurt. “New Framework for Cooperation with Confucius Institute Frankfurt.” Accessed June 10, 2023. https://aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de/en/english/new-framework-for-cooperation-with-confucius-institute-frankfurt.
    Hanban. “About Confucius Institute.” Accessed July 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20200711024254/http://english.hanban.org/node_10971.htm.
    Hanban. “Agreement on the Establishment of Confucius Institute (Template).” Accessed February 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20150106100055/http://res.chinese.cn/hanban/kongzixueyuan/ky.doc.
    Hanban. “Application Procedure.” Accessed February 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20150106100055/http://english.hanban.org/node_7879.htm.
    Hanban. “Chinese President Xi Jinping Sends a Letter to Congratulate Confucius Institute on its 10th Anniversary and First Global ‘Confucius Institute Day’.” Accessed February 16, 2023. http://web.archive.org/web/20151018050512/http://english.hanban.org/article/2014-10/16/content_557308.htm.
    Hanban. “Constitution and By-Laws of the Confucius Institutes.” Accessed July 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20200711044844/http://english.hanban.org/node_7880.htm.
    In the Name of Confucius. “In the Name of Confucius Synopsis.” Accessed February 16, 2023. https://inthenameofconfuciusmovie.com.
    Modern Language Association. “Enrollments in Languages Other Than English in United States Institutions of Higher Education, Summer 2016 and Fall 2016: Preliminary Report.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://www.mla.org/content/download/83540/file/2016-Enrollments-Short-Report.pdf.
    National Association of Scholars. “How Many Confucius Institutes are in the United States?” Accessed March 20, 2023. https://www.nas.org/blogs/article/how_many_confucius_institutes_are_in_the_united_states.
    National Bureau of Statistics of China. “National Data.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=C01.
    Observatory of Economic Complexity. “China.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/chn.
    Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Germany.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/deu.
    Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Thailand.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/tha.
    Office of the United States Trade Representative. “The People’s Republic of China.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china.
    Pew Research Center. “Global Indicators Database: China Image, Opinion of China, Germany.” Accessed April 20, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/database/indicator/24/country/de.
    Pew Research Center. “Global Indicators Database: China Image, Opinion of China, Thailand.” Accessed April 20, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/database/indicator/24/country/th.
    Pew Research Center. “Global Indicators Database: China Image, Opinion of China, United States.” Accessed April 20, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/database/indicator/24/country/us.
    Thai Websites. “Thailand Tourism Statistics for 2022: Arrivals by Countries and Regions of Origin.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://www.thaiwebsites.com/tourists-nationalities-Thailand.asp.
    The Confucius Institute Munich. “Confucius Institutes in Germany: Organisations and Tasks.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://www.konfuzius-muenchen.de/fileadmin/documents/Positionspapier_Konfuzius-Institute_4.8.20.pdf.
    The World Bank. “GDP (current US$) - China.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN.
    United States Census Bureau. “Foreign Trade: Top Trading Partners.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/top/index.html.
    United States Department of State. “100,000 Strong Educational Exchange Initiatives.” Accessed March 20, 2023. https://2009-2017.state.gov/100k/index.htm.
    USC Center on Public Diplomacy. “What’s PD?” Accessed December 1, 2021. https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/page/what-is-pd.
    William & Mary. “Study Abroad.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20190812071534/https://www.wm.edu/as/modernlanguages/chinese/studyabroad/index.php.
    World Integrated Trade Solution. “China Exports, Imports, Tariff by Year.” Accessed March 15, 2023. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CHN/Year/2004/SummaryText.

    [Chinese Sources]

    1. Periodicals
    Chao, Chien-min (趙建民) and Chih-chia Hsu (許志嘉). 2009. “Zhonggong disidai lingdao jiti de ‘hexieshijiequan’: lilun yu yihan” (中共第四代領導集體的「和諧世界觀」：理論與意涵, China’s Harmonious World: Theory and Significance). Yuanjingjijinhuijikan (遠景基金會季刊, Prospect Quarterly) (Taipei), vol. 10, no. 1, January, pp. 1-44.
    Cheng, You-ping (鄭又平) and Yen-chi Lin (林彥志). 2008. “Zhongguo ‘zouchuqu zhanlue’ zhi fenxi: kuashiji zhongguo jingji de zhuanbian” (中國「走出去戰略」之分析：跨世紀中國經濟的轉變, An Analysis of China’s ‘Go Global Strategy’: China’s Economic Transformation in the 21st Century). Zhanwang yu tansuo (展望與探索, Prospect & Exploration) (New Taipei), vol. 6, no. 8, August, pp. 45-62.
    Duan, Yi (段奕). 2008. “Yingshili-ruanshilililun kuangjiaxia de yuyan: wenhua guojituiguang yu kongzixueyuan” (硬實力-軟實力理論框架下的語言：文化國際推廣與孔子學院, Language-Culture International Promotion and Confucius Institute: Under the Theoretical Framework of Hard Power-Soft Power). Fudanjiaoyuluntan (復旦教育論壇, Fudan Education Forum) (Shanghai), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 48-51.
    Guo, Fugeng (郭扶庚). 2007. “Kongzixueyuan: zhongguo ‘ruanshili’ de biaozhi” (孔子學院：中國「軟實力」的標誌, Confucius Institutes: China’s Soft Power Symbol). Dongbei zhichuang (東北之窗, Window of the Northeast) (Liaoning), vol. 10, pp. 56-57.
    Han, Zhaoying (韓召穎). 2011. “Kongzixueyuan yu zhongguo gonggongwaijiao” (孔子學院與中國公共外交, Confucius Institute and China’s Public Diplomacy). Gonggongwaijiao jikan (公共外交季刊, Public Diplomacy Quarterly) (Beijing), vol. 3, Autumn, pp. 14–20.
    Ji, Lili (汲立立). 2012. “Chuantong wenhua yu zhongguo gonggongwaijiao” (傳統文化與中國公共外交, Traditional Culture and China’s Public Diplomacy). Wuhan kejidaxue xuebao shehuikexue ban (武漢科技大學學報社會科學版, Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology Social Science Edition) (Sichuan), vol. 14, no. 3, June, pp. 327-330.
    Li, Ruiqing (李瑞晴). 2008. “Haiwai kongzixueyuan fazhan qianxi” (海外孔子學院發展淺析, Short Analysis of the Development of Overseas Confucius Institutes). Bagui qiaokan (八桂僑刊, Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui) (Guangxi), vol. 3, March, pp. 52–56.
    Lu, Yu-nu (呂郁女) and Chung-chian Teng (鄧中堅). 2008. “Zhongguo dalu ruanquanli de fazhan yu yingxiang” (中國大陸軟權力的發展與影響, The Development and Impact of China’s Soft Power). Quanqiu zhengzhi pinglun (全球政治評論, Review of Global Politics) (Taichung), no. 21, January, pp. 1-18.
    Wang, Ping (王平). 2006. “Cong kongzixueyuan de sheli kan zhonghuawenhua yu waiyujiaoxue” (從孔子學院的設立看中華文化與外語教學, Confucius Institute: Traditional Chinese Culture and Foreign Language Teaching). Zhaoqing xueyuan xuebao (肇慶學院學報, Journal of Zhaoqing University) (Guangdong), vol. 27, no. 6, December, pp. 86-88.
    Wu, Ying (吳瑛). 2012. “Zhongguo wenhua duiwaichuanbo xiaoguo yanjiu: dui wuguo shiliusuo kongzixueyuan de diaocha” (中國文化對外傳播效果研究：對5國16所孔子學院的調查, On the International Communication Effects of Chinese Culture: Survey of Sixteen Confucius Institutes in Five Countries). Zhejiang shehuikexue (浙江社會科學, Zhejiang Social Sciences) (Zhejiang), no. 4, April, pp. 144-151.

    2. News or Magazine Articles
    Cao, Chengyuan (曹晟源) and Zihang Xia (夏子航). 2010. “3520wan zhongbiao: kongzixueyuan wangzhan shishangzuigui” (3520萬中標：孔子學院網站史上最貴, 35.2 Million Bid: the Most Expensive Confucius Institute Website). Meirijingjixinwen (每日經濟新聞, National Business Daily), January 22. https://m.nbd.com.cn/articles/2010-01-22/264253.html.
    Du, Junling (杜軍玲). 2011. “Kongzixueyuan ‘wenhua shizhe’: rang shijie duoyidian xiangzhi” (孔子學院「文化使者」：讓世界多一點相知, Confucius Institutes as ‘Cultural Ambassadors’: Promoting Mutual Understanding in the World). Renminzhengxiebao (人民政協報, CPPCC Daily), September 15. https://www.chinanews.com/cul/2011/09-15/3330742.shtml.
    Tian, Yanhui (田延輝). 2014. “Kongzixueyuan: cong wenhuazhichuang dao xinlingzhiqiao” (孔子學院：從文化之窗到心靈之橋, Confucius Institute: From the Cultural Window to the Spiritual Bridge). Guangmingribao (光明日報, Guangming Daily), September 28. http://cpc.people.com.cn/n/2014/0928/c87228-25748685.html.
    Wang, Jing (王晶). 2007. “Wuqiannian wenming weihe budi haolaiwu? jiuda yuanyin daozhi ruanshili buzu” (五千年文明為何不敵好萊塢？九大原因導致軟實力不足, Why Five Thousand Years of Civilization Loses to Hollywood? Nine Factors Lead to the Lack of Soft Power). Zhongguoribao (中國日報, China Daily), March 4. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/2007npc/2007-03/04/content_819103.htm.
    Wang, Zhe (王喆). 2008. “Kongzixueyuan zhutui shijie liaojie zhongguo” (孔子學院助推世界了解中國, Confucius Institute Helps the World to Understand China). Zhongguoyufeizhou (中國與非洲, Chinafrica), March 12. http://www.chinafrica.cn/chinese/jl/txt/2008-03/12/content_104268.htm.
    Yang, Fang (楊芳). 2015. “Hanxuejia mashufen tan ‘hanyure’ beihoude taiguojiaoyu” (漢學家馬淑芬談「漢語熱」背後的泰國教育, Sinologist Ma Shufen Discusses Thai Education behind ‘Chinese Fever’). Renminwang (人民網, People’s Daily Online), July 14. http://culture.people.com.cn/n/2015/0714/c172318-27303757.html.
    Yang, Guiqing (楊桂青). 2013. “Kongzixueyuan gei shijie dailaishenme” (孔子學院給世界帶來什麼, What does the Confucius Institute Bring to the World). Zhongguojiaoyubao (中國教育報, China Education Daily), December 9. https://www.edu.cn/edu/yiwujiaoyu/201312/t20131209_1049858.shtml.
    Yao, Yi (易杳). 2004. “Hanyu jueqi: shiniannei bixue 2050 zhan hulianwang yuwen 40%” (漢語崛起：10年內必學 2050占互聯網語文40%, The Rise of Chinese Language: Must Learn within 10 Years and will Count for 40% of Internet Language). Xinhuawang (新華網, Xinhua Net), June 10. http://news.sohu.com/2004/06/10/94/news220469494.shtml.
    Xiao, Ting (肖亭). 2007. “Meiguo nanjiazhou diqu diyisuo kongzixueyuan zai luoshanji” (美國南加州地區第一所孔子學院在洛杉磯, The First Confucius Institute in South California Located in Los Angeles). Zhongguoribao (中國日報, China Daily), August 17. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqzg/2007-08/17/content_6031713.htm.
    Xu, Danei (徐達內). 2012. “Meitizhaji: kongzi he renquan” (媒體札記：孔子和人權, Media Notes: Confucius and Human Rights). Jinrongshibao zhongwenwang (金融時報中文網, Financial Times Chinese Online), May 25. https://www.ftchinese.com/story/001044741.
    Zheng, Bijian (鄭必堅). 2003. “Zhongguo hepingjueqi xindaolu he yazhou de weilai” (中國和平崛起新道路和亞洲的未來, New Path of China’s Peaceful Rise and the Future of Asia). Xinhuawang (新華網, Xinhua Net), November 24. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-11-24/12541176473s.shtml.

    3. Website Contents
    Hanban (漢辦). “Changjianwenti” (常見問題, FAQ). Accessed February 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20190626214115/http://www.hanban.org/node_6460.htm.
    Hanban (漢辦). “Guanyu kongzixueyuan/ketang” (關於孔子學院/課堂, About Confucius Institutes and Confucius Classrooms). Accessed February 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113044953/http://www.hanban.org/confuciousinstitutes/node_10961.htm.
    Hanban (漢辦). “Xiangmu zijin qidong zijin shenqingshu” (項目資金啟動資金申請書, Annual and Initial Funds Application Form). Accessed December 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20200627235511/http://resnew.chinese.cn/hanban/kongzixueyuan/xiangmuzijinshenqingshu.doc.
    Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (中華人民共和國教育部). “Guowai hanyujiaoxue qingkuangjianjie” (國外漢語教學情況簡介, Introduction to Foreign Chinese Language Teaching Situation). Accessed February 1, 2023. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_zt/moe_357/s3579/moe_1017/tnull_10584.html.
    Zhejiang Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese (浙江省歸國華僑聯合會). “’Hanyure’ zai meiguo chixushengwen yi zoujin pingchangbaixing” (「漢語熱」在美國持續升溫 已走進平常百姓, ‘Hanyure’ Heats Up Constantly in the US, Entering Ordinary People Lives). Accessed March 15, 2023. http://www.zjsql.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=101&id=9268.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
    108862002
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108862002
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[國際研究英語碩士學位學程] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 描述 大小格式浏览次数
    200201.pdf2420KbAdobe PDF2160检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈