政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/141674
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文筆數/總筆數 : 113311/144292 (79%)
造訪人次 : 50943276      線上人數 : 975
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜尋範圍 查詢小技巧：
  • 您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號"，以獲取較精準的檢索結果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜尋，建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位，可獲得較完整資料
    •  進階搜尋


    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141674


    題名: 從國際關係理論及歐盟法規範探討歐盟綠色政綱之發展與實踐
    A Study on the Development and Practice of the EU Green Deal from International Relations Theories and EU Law
    作者: 劉蕙綺
    Liu, Hui-Chi
    貢獻者: 許耀明
    Hsu, Yao-Ming
    劉蕙綺
    Liu, Hui-Chi
    關鍵詞: 歐盟綠色政綱
    國際關係理論
    國際關係理論與國際法
    歐盟法
    氣候變遷
    歐盟氣候變遷政策
    The EU Green Deal
    International Relations Theory
    International Relations Theory and International Law
    EU Law
    Climate Change
    EU Climate Change Policy
    日期: 2022
    上傳時間: 2022-09-02 15:12:20 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　本文旨在透過國際關係理論與歐盟法規範，分析歐盟及其成員國在氣候變遷議題上之合作原因，並進一步探討歐盟綠色政綱之發展與未來可能遭遇之挑戰。
    　　為了減緩全球暖化，各國展開氣候合作，共同在國際上透過簽訂國際氣候協定分擔溫室氣體減排義務。在簽訂《京都議定書》以後，歐盟為了實現其溫室氣體減排承諾，開始在歐盟內部施行一系列氣候政策。
    　　從國際關係理論分析歐盟氣候政策形成原因，現實主義觀點認為對歐盟之利益可能在於欲透過氣候議題對內凝聚歐盟成員國與人民之共識、進一步加強歐盟之一體性，對外重建歐盟在國際社會之領導地位。對成員國之利益則在於國家安全和經濟利益之考量。自由主義則認為除此之外，歐盟所建立之國際制度也是成員國願意與其他成員國合作之重要原因。建構主義則認為是由於歐盟社會有著應減緩氣候變遷之規範和認同。
    　　歐盟法規範因其具有直接適用性和優先效力，對於成員國之拘束力高於一般國際協定。歐盟在《歐洲聯盟運作條約》(Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union)條文文字中納入氣候變遷，又將歐盟綠色政綱之氣候目標立法，欲透過歐盟法規範中對成員國具有拘束力之法律類型要求成員國在實現目標上共同努力。
    　　然而想要順利達成歐盟綠色政綱之目標，對歐盟來說仍有幾個需克服的困難。首先，成員國在國情和環境等各方面之差異將考驗歐盟在協調溝通及督促成員國落實歐盟政策之能力。其次，雖然歐盟法對於成員國具有法律上之拘束力，但過往仍多有成員國未遵守歐盟規範之情形發生，如何使成員國合規也將是挑戰。最後，世界情勢隨時可能發生劇變，歐盟需保有隨時因應突發狀況之靈活性。
    This thesis aims to analyze the reasons for the cooperation between the EU and its member states on the issue of climate change through international relations theories and EU law, and to explore the development and the challenges of the EU Green Deal.
    In order to combat climate change, countries promoted international climate cooperation and shared obligations of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. After the Kyoto Protocol has adopted, the EU implemented a series of climate policies to meet its commitment.
    This thesis tries to analyze the establishment of EU climate policies through international relations theories. For realism, interest is the key point. Climate issue helps the EU promoting European identity and European integration. Furthermore, it helps the EU rebuilding its leadership in the international community. As for the member states, they are concerned about their national security and economic interests. For liberalism, the international regime created by the EU is also an important reason why the member states are willing to cooperate with others. For constructivism, the norms and the identity of EU society are the reason why the EU and the member states make efforts to slow down climate change.
    The principle of direct applicability and the supremacy makes EU law be further binding than general international agreements. To require the member states of achieving the goal of EU Green Deal, the EU writes into law the combat with climate change and the goal set out in the European Green Deal.
    However, to achieve the target of the European Green Deal, there are still several difficulties for the EU to overcome. First, the differences between the member states in terms of national conditions and environment will test the EU`s ability to coordinate, communicate and urge member states to implement EU policies. Moreover, although EU law is legally binding on member states, there are still many cases where member states have not abided by EU norms. How to make member states comply will also be a challenge. Finally, the world situation may change drastically at any time, and the EU needs to maintain the flexibility to respond to emergencies.
    參考文獻: 一、中文文獻
    (一) 專書
    丘宏達著、陳純一修訂，現代國際法，2019年4月，修訂3版。
    梁雲祥，國際關係與國際法，2012年。
    許慶雄、李明峻，國際法概論，2016年9月，2版。
    陳麗娟，里斯本條約後歐洲聯盟新面貌，2010年9月。
    楊惟任，氣候變遷、政治與國際關係，2015年。
    葉俊榮，氣候變遷治理與法律，2015年。
    (二) 專書論文與期刊論文
    吳建輝，歐盟做為全球環境行為者：以其在氣候變化綱要公約之參與為例，歐美研究，43卷1期，2013年3月。
    李河清，歐盟與環境：以京都議定書為例，張亞中主編，歐盟全球戰略與對外關係，2006年10月。
    李建良，歐盟環境法的演進與發展──從經濟合作到環境共榮，法學叢刊，55卷4期，2010年1月。
    李毓峰、劉書彬，歐洲憲法條約建構下的歐盟政體，人文及社會科學集刊，19卷1期，頁131，2007年3月。
    周佳宥，歐盟法院與各國憲法法院之合作與衝突，中華國際法與超國界法評論，12卷2期，頁，2016年。
    林子倫，全球氣候政治與歐盟角色初探－歐盟為何扮演領導之角色？，應用倫理評論，48期，2010年4月。
    施文真，永續發展評量系統中「制度回應指標」之理論基礎探討：制度量能提升與良善治理，都市與計劃，32卷2期，2005年6月。
    洪德欽，歐洲聯盟法的法源，華岡法粹，57期，2014年12月。
    洪德欽，歐盟氣候變遷政策的規範、策略與實踐，科技法學評論，9卷2期，2012年12月。
    洪德欽，歐盟憲法之法理分析，歐美研究，37卷2期，頁256-258，2007年6月。
    徐崇利，國際關系理論與國際法學之跨學科研究:歷史與現狀，世界經濟與政治，11期，2010年。
    高小升、嚴雙伍，歐盟氣候政策的動因分析，國際論壇，5期，2012年。
    莫大華，論國際關係理論中的建構主義，問題與研究，38卷9期，1999年9月。
    郭映庭，跨境大氣治理成敗因素之探析，全球政治評論，63期，2018年7月。
    曾文革、吳慶禹，後巴黎時代《歐洲氣候法》的治理變革及啟示，中華環境，Z1期，2021年。
    曾志隆，等待氣旋或不再躍起？──法、荷否決『歐洲憲法』之後的歐洲整合初探，台灣國際研究季刊，4卷1期，頁56-57，2008年。
    楊惟任，巴黎氣候談判與協議之分析，問題與研究，56卷1期，2017年3月。
    廖舜右，現實主義，張亞中、張登及主編，國際關係總論，2020年1月，5版。
    劉如慧，歐盟環境法制與司法實踐，洪德欽、陳淳文主編，歐盟法之基礎原則與實務發展(下)，2015年。
    劉哲良、吳珮瑛、朱敏嘉，歐盟面對氣候變遷的因應政策－排放交易機制之現況、發展及挑戰，臺灣國際研究季刊，13卷4期，頁125，2017年12月。
    劉博文，政策定向學說與國際法的跨學科研究，金融理論與教學，5期，2013年10月。
    鄭端耀，國際關係「新自由制度主義」理論之評析，問題與研究，36卷12期，1997年12月。
    鄭端耀，國際關係新古典現實主義理論，問題與研究，44卷1期，2005年2月。
    盧業中，新自由主義，張亞中、張登及主編，國際關係總論，2020年1月，5版。
    龔微、朱嫣然，論《里斯本條約》對歐盟參與氣候變化國際談判的影響，吉首大學學報(社會科學版)，5期，2011年。
    (三) 網際網路資料
    Daisy Chuang，全球各地燃起山火，正面臨有史以來最嚴峻野火季，TechNews科技新報，https://technews.tw/2021/08/13/climate-change-wildfire/ (最後瀏覽日：2022年7月5日)。
    Fiona Harvey(撰文)，姜唯(編譯)，聯合國氣候峰會COP26因COVID-19延期 專家：把握轉型低碳經濟良機，國家地理，https://www.natgeomedia.com/environment/article/content-10974.html (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月20日)。
    Greenpeace綠色和平，暴雨、熱浪、乾旱、大火，成為未來的新日常？，https://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/update/26815/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E3%80%81%E7%86%B1%E6%B5%AA%E3%80%81%E4%B9%BE%E6%97%B1%E3%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%90%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%EF%BC%9F/ (最後瀏覽日：2022年7月3日)。
    永續低碳聯盟，歐盟失而復得的拼圖：波蘭最快可望在2056年達成氣候中和，https://www.sale-greenlabel.com/cn/news/major_trend/detail/229 (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月20日)。
    何心宇，解析歐盟碳邊境調整機制發展與影響，財團法人資訊工業策進會，https://www.iii.org.tw/focus/FocusDtl.aspx?f_type=1&f_sqno=ZYxid5AQ1P851F7aTgJpQQ__&fm_sqno=12 (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月15日)。
    林綉娟，歐盟如何迎戰「能源貧窮」？合理電價阻止能效不足的惡性循環，環境資訊中心，https://e-info.org.tw/node/203540 (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月15日)。
    張雅涵，德國綠黨雖錯失綠色之年 仍具關鍵造王者地位，中央廣播電臺，https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2112473 (最後瀏覽日：2022年7月12日)。
    梁曉昀，氣候治理下的公民參與機制，風險社會與政策研究中心，https://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/zh-tw/m01-3/climate-change/1497-1091028-climateparticipate.html (最後瀏覽日：2022年5月24日)。
    經濟部淨零辦公室，https://www.go-moea.tw/ (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月20日)。

    二、英文文獻
    (一) 專書
    CARR, E.H., THE TWENTY YEARS` CRISIS, 1919-1939: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (1946).
    CHALMERS, DAMIAN, GARETH DAVIES AND GIORGIO MONTI, EUROPEAN UNION LAW (4TH ED. 2019).
    DONNELLY, JACK, REALISM AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (2000).
    FINNEMORE, MARTHA, NATIONAL INTERESTS IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY (1996).
    KEOHANE, ROBERT O., INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND STATE POWER: ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY (1989).
    MORGENTHAU, HANS J. , POLITICS AMONG NATIONS: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER AND PEACE (1978).
    NYE, JOSEPH S. AND WELCH, DAVID A., UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL CONFLICT AND COOPERATION: AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORY AND HISTORY (8TH ED. 2011).
    TURNER, CHRIS, EU LAW (2013).
    WENDT, ALEXANDER, SOCIAL THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS (1999).
    (二) 期刊論文
    Amorim, Carlos Abreu and Ana Cardoso, European Climate Law – Real Changes or Postponed Future?, 7 EU LAW JOURNAL 138, 143, 146 (2021).
    Avrami, Lydia and Sprinz, Detlef F., Measuring and Explaining the EU`s Effect on National Climate Performance, 28 ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS 822 (2019).
    Bel, Germà and Stephan Joseph, Emission Abatement: Untangling the Impacts of the EU ETS and the Economic Crisis, 49 ENERGY ECONOMICS 531, 538 (2015).
    Borrás, Susana, and Claudio M. Radaelli, The Politics of Governance Architectures: Creation, Change and Effects of the EU Lisbon Strategy, 18 JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN PUBLIC POLICY 463, 463-466 (2011).
    Börzel, Tanja and Buzogány, Aron, Compliance with EU Environmental Law. The Iceberg is Melting, 28 ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS 315 (2019).
    Breckinridge, Robert E., Reassessing Regimes: The International Regime Aspects of the European Union, 35 JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES 173 (1997).
    Burgin, Alexander, The implementation of EU environmental policy: Why the scope conditions have improved?, 8 WORLD JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 1 (2018).
    Chen, Lung-chu, Perspectives from the New Haven School, 87 AM. SOC`Y INT`L L. PROC. 407 (1993).
    Farer, Tom J., Problems of an International Law of Intervention, 3 STAN. J. INT`L STUD. 20 (1968).
    Goebel, Roger J., Supranational: Federal: Intergovernmental: The Governmental Structure of the European Union after the Treaty of Lisbon, 20 COLUM. J. EUR. L. 77 (2013).
    Hardin, Garrett, The Tragedy of the Commons, 162 SCIENCE 1243 (1968).
    Hathaway, Oona A., The Continuing Influence of the New Haven School, 32 YALE J. INT`L L. 553 (2007).
    Hintermann, Beat, Sonja Petersony and Wilfried Rickels, Price and Market Behavior in Phase II of the EU ETS: A Review of the Literature, 10 REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY 108, 121-2 (2016).
    Hofmann, Andreas, Left to interest groups? On the prospects for enforcing environmental law in the European Union, 28 ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS 342 (2019).
    Keohane, Robert O., International Institutions: Two Approaches, 32 INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY 379 (1988).
    Keohane, Robert O., The Demand for International Regimes, 36 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 325 (1982).
    Koh, Harold Hongju, Is There a New New Haven School of International Law, 32 YALE J. INT`L L. 559 (2007).
    Krasner, Stephen D., International Law and International Relations: Together, Apart, Together, 1 CHI. J. INT`L. L. 93 (2000).
    Krasner, Stephen D., Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables, 36 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 185 (1982).
    Laing, Timothy, Misato Sato, Michael Grubb and Claudia Comberti, The Effects and Side-Effects of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, 5 WIRES CLIM CHANGE 509, 515-6 (2014).
    Lieven, Anatol, Climate Change and the State: A Case for Environmental Realism, 62 SURVIVAL 7 (2020).
    March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P., The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders, 52 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION 943 (1998).
    Marco, Siddi, The European Green Deal: Assessing its Current State and Future Implementation, 114 FIIA WORKING PAPER 1 (2020).
    Maris, Georgios and Flouros, Floros, The Green Deal, National Energy and Climate Plans in Europe: Member States’ Compliance and Strategies, 11 ADM. SCI. 1 (2021).
    Mearsheimer, John J., The False Promise of International Institutions, 19 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 5 (1994-1995).
    Morgenthau, Hans J., Positivism, Functionalism, and International Law, 34 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 260 (1940).
    Nicolaidis, Kalypso, The Struggle for Europe, 52 DISSENT 11 (2005).
    Oberthür, Sebastian and Kelly, Claire Roche, EU Leadership in International Climate Policy:Achievements and Challenges, 43 THE INTERNATIONAL SPECTATOR 35 (2008).
    Paleari, Susanna, The Impact of the European Green Deal on EU Environmental Policy, 31 THE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT & DEVELOPMENT 196 (2022).
    Pîrvu, Elena Loredana, The European Green Deal–a Feasible Ambitious Initiative?, 10 JOURNAL OF DANUBIAN STUDIES AND RESEARCH 276 (2020).
    Reisman, W. Michael and Wiessner, Siegfried and Willard, Andrew R., The New Haven School: A Brief Introduction, 32 YALE J. INT`L L. 575 (2007).
    Schlacke, Sabine, Helen Wentzien, Eva-Maria Thierjung and Miriam Köster, Implementing the EU Climate Law via the ‘Fit for 55’ package, 1 OXFORD OPEN ENERGY 1, 3 (2022).
    Schmidt, Tobias S., Malte Schneider, Karoline S. Rogge, Martin J.A. Schuetz and Volker H. Hoffmann, The Effects of Climate Policy on the Rate and Direction of Innovation: A Survey of The EU ETS and the Electricity Sector, 2 ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 23, 38-9 (2012).
    Schwartz, Barry, Tyranny for the Commons Man, 102 The National Interest 64 (2009).
    Schweller, Randall L., Bandwagoning for Profit, 19 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 72 (1994).
    Skjærseth, Jon Birger and Jørgen Wettestad, Fixing the EU Emissions Trading System? Understanding the Post-2012 Changes, 10 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS 101, 107-110, 116 (2010).
    Skjærseth, J.B. and Wettestad, J., Understanding the Effectiveness of EU Environmental Policy: How Can Regime Analysis Contribute?, 11 ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS 99 (2002).
    Slaughter, Anne-Marie, International Law and International Relations Theory: A Dual Agenda, 87 AM. J. INT`L L. 205-239 (1993).
    Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Tulumello, Andrew S. and Wood, Stepan, International Law and International Relations Theory: A New Generation of Interdisciplinary Scholarship, 92 AM. J. INT`L L. 367-397 (1998).
    Snyder, Francis, The effectiveness of European Community law: institutions, processes, tools and techniques, 56 THE MODERN LAW REVIEW 19 (1993).
    Toshkov, Dimiter, Transposition of EU social policy in the new member states, 17 JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY 335 (2007).
    Ullman, Richard H., Redefining Security, 8 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 129 (1983).
    Voigt, Christina, Differentiation in the Paris Agreement, 6 CLIMATE L. 58 (2016).
    Wendt, Alexander, Collective Identity Formation and the International State, 88 AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW 384 (1994).
    Ziegler, Katja, The Relationship between EU Law and International Law, 15-04 LEICESTER SCHOOL OF LAW RESEARCH PAPER 1 (2015).
    (三) 專書論文
    RISSE, THOMAS, Social Constructivism and European Integration, in EUROPEAN INTEGRATION THEORY 144 (2004).
    (四) 學位論文
    Dennis Rubing, Are the ‘laggard states’ obstinate or just inefficient? A study of the EU member states’ compliance with EU environmental legislation 2012- 2016, M.D. diss., Lund University (2018).
    (五) 法律資料
    Commission of the European Communities v. Council of the European Communities, Case 22/70,　(ECR 1971).
    Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, OJ L 307.
    en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend & Loos v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration, Case 26-62 (ECR 1963), available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61962CJ0026 (last visited Jun. 10, 2022).
    Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L., Case 6-64 (ECR 1964), available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61964CJ0006 (last visited Jun. 10, 2022).
    Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr, Case 11-70 (ECR 1970), available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61970CJ0011 (last visited Jun. 10, 2022).
    Opinion 1/91, Opinion delivered pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 228 (1) of the Treaty, [1991] ECR I-6079, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:61991CV0001_SUM&from=EN (last visited Jun. 10, 2022)。
    Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’).
    Sabine von Colson and Elisabeth Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, Case 14/83 (ECR 1984), available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61983CJ0014 (last visited Jun. 11, 2022).
    Salvatore Grimaldi v Fonds des maladies professionnelles, Case C-322/88 (ECR 1989), available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61988CJ0322 (last visited Jun. 11, 2022).
    (六) 條約
    Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union - Protocols - Declarations annexed to the Final Act of the Intergovernmental Conference which adopted the Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007 - Tables of equivalences (2012/C 326/01)
    Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - Protocols - Annexes - Declarations annexed to the Final Act of the Intergovernmental Conference which adopted the Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007 - Tables of equivalences (2012/C 326/01)
    Glasgow Climate Pact (2021), available at https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cop26_auv_2f_cover_decision.pdf (last visited Jun. 20, 2022).
    The Berlin Mandate (FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1)
    United Nations, Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1998).
    United Nations, Paris Agreement (2015), available at https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf (last visited Jun. 20, 2022).
    United Nations, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992).
    (七) 官方資料及報告
    Council of the EC, 1436th Joint Meeting of the Council (Energy/Environment). Council Press Release 9482/90 (Presse 167), Luxembourg, 29 October 1990, available at http://aei-dev.library.pitt.edu/69255/1/CPR1256.pdf (last visited May 30, 2022) and Council of the EC, 1544th Meeting of the Council (Environment/Energy). Council Press Release 9916/91 (Presse 231), Brussels, 13 December 1991, at 4, available at http://aei-dev.library.pitt.edu/69283/1/CPR1281.pdf (last visited May 30, 2022).
    Council of the European Union, Council Adopts Climate-Energy Legislative Package, 8434/09 (presse 77) (Apr. 6, 2009).
    EUR-Lex, The direct effect of European Union law, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l14547 (last visited Jun. 11, 2022).
    Eurobarometer, Attitudes of Europeans towards the Environment (1999), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/186 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission , How can households help tackle the energy and climate crisis?, https://europa.eu/climate-pact/events/how-can-households-help-tackle-energy-and-climate-crisis-2022-06-07_en (last visited Jul. 6, 2022).
    European Commission, 20 20 by 2020 - Europe`s climate change opportunity, COM(2008) 30 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0030:FIN:en:html (last visited Apr. 14, 2022).
    European Commission, A European Green Deal, https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (last visited Jun. 15, 2022).
    European Commission, A European Green Deal: Striving to Be the First Climate-Neutral Continent, 　https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (last visited May 24, 2022).
    European Commission, A Policy Framework for Climate and Energy in the Period from 2020 to 2030, COM(2014) 015 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0015&from=EN (last visited Apr. 17, 2022).
    European Commission, A Resource-Efficient Europe – Flagship Initiative Under The Europe 2020 Strategy, COM(2011) 21 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0021:FIN:EN:PDF (last visited Apr. 16, 2022).
    European Commission, A Roadmap for Moving to a Competitive Low Carbon Economy in 2050, COM(2011) 112 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0112:FIN:en:PDF (last visited Apr. 16, 2022).
    European Commission, About the InvestEU Fund, https://investeu.europa.eu/what-investeu-programme/investeu-fund/about-investeu-fund_en (last visited Jun. 15, 2022).
    European Commission, An EU-Wide Assessment of National Energy and Climate Plans. Driving Forward the Green Transition and Promoting Economic Recovery through Integrated Energy and Climate Planning, available at https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2020/EN/COM-2020-564-F1-EN-MAIN-PART-1.PDF (last visited May 24, 2022).
    European Commission, Attitudes of Europeans towards the Environment (2005), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/444 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Attitudes of Europeans towards the Environment (2008), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/673 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Attitudes of Europeans towards the Environment (2011), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/993 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Attitudes of Europeans towards the Environment (2014), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2008 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Climate change - Towards an EU post-Kyoto strategy, COM(1998) 353 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:51998DC0353&from=EN (last visited Apr. 8, 2022).
    European Commission, Climate Change (2017), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2140 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Climate Change (2021), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2273 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Construction Products Regulation (CPR), https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/construction/construction-products-regulation-cpr_en (last visited Jun. 15 2022).
    European Commission, Development of EU ETS (2005-2020), https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/development-eu-ets-2005-2020_en (last visited Jun. 1, 2022).
    European Commission, Establishing the Framework for Achieving Climate Neutrality and Amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law), COM(2020) 80 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1588581905912&uri=CELEX:52020PC0080 (last visited Jun. 18, 2022).
    European Commission, EU policies and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: towards a European Climate Change Programme (ECCP), COM (2000) 88 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52000DC0088&from=EN (last visited Apr. 9, 2022).
    European Commission, Europe 2020, COM(2010) 2020, available at https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf (last visited Apr. 16, 2022).
    European Commission, European Climate Change Programme, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/european-climate-change-programme_en (last visited Apr. 12, 2022).
    European Commission, European Climate Pact, COM(2020) 788 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0788&from=EN (last visited Jul. 6, 2022).
    European Commission, Europeans` Attitudes towards Climate Change (2009), https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/703 (last visited May 3, 2022).
    European Commission, Events (European Climate Pact), https://europa.eu/climate-pact/events_en?f%5B0%5D=oe_event_status%3Apast&f%5B1%5D=oe_event_status%3Aupcoming (last visited Jul. 6, 2022).
    European Commission, `Fit for 55`: delivering the EU`s 2030 Climate Target on the way to climate neutrality, COM(2021) 550 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0550 (last visited Jun. 16, 2022).
    European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/info/index_en (last visited Jun. 20, 2022).
    European Commission, Implementing Community Environmental Law, COM(96) 500 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:51996DC0500&from=EN (last visited Jul. 10, 2022).
    European Commission, Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism, COM/2021/564 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0564 (last visited Jul. 7, 2022).
    European Commission, Resource Efficiency - The Roadmap - The Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/resource_efficiency/about/roadmap/index_en.htm (last visited Apr. 16, 2022).
    European Commission, Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe, COM(2011) 571 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0571&from=EN (last visited Apr. 16, 2022).
    European Commission, Single European Sky, https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-modes/air/single-european-sky_en (last visited Jun. 15 2022).
    European Commission, The European Constitution: Post-referendum survey in France (2005), available at http://www.proyectos.cchs.csic.es/euroconstitution/library/working%20papers/eurobarometer,%20referendum,%20France.pdf (last visited May 31, 2022).
    European Commission, The European Constitution: post-referendum survey in The Netherlands (2005), available at http://www.proyectos.cchs.csic.es/euroconstitution/library/working%20papers/eurobarometer,%20referendum,%20netherlands.pdf (last visited May 31, 2022).
    European Commission, The European Green Deal, COM(2019) 640 final.
    European Council, Presidency Conclusions of the Brussels European Council (8/9 March 2007), 7224/1/07 REV 1 (May 2, 2007).
    European Parliament, Lisbon European Council 23 and 24 March 2000 Presidency Conclusions, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/lis1_en.htm (last visited Apr. 28, 2022).
    European Union, Country profiles, https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/country-profiles_en (last visited May 6, 2022).
    European Union, Schuman declaration May 1950, https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/history-eu/1945-59/schuman-declaration-may-1950_en (last visited May 6, 2022).
    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, About the IPCC, https://www.ipcc.ch (last visited Apr. 2, 2022).
    IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, available at https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4_syr.pdf (last visited May 23, 2022).
    IPCC, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis - Summary for Policymakers, available at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf (last visited May 23, 2022); IPCC, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability - Summary for Policymakers, available at https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg2/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf (last visited May 23, 2022).
    IPCC, Sixth Assessment Report, available at https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/ (last visited May 23, 2022).
    Issue-based Coalition on Environment and Climate Change, Summary recommendations by the Coalition on COVID-19 recovery, The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/RCM_Website/IBCs/IBC_Environment/Final_IBC_Summary_recommendations_COVID-19_Recovery.pdf (last visited Jul. 7, 2022).
    Official Journal of the European Union, 2004/C 310/1, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=OJ%3AC%3A2004%3A310%3ATOC (last visited May 31, 2022).
    Polish Economic Institute, https://pie.net.pl/en/ (last visited Jun. 20, 2022).
    Social Climate Fund Regulation Proposal, COM(2021) 568 final.
    The European Convention, http://european-convention.europa.eu/EN/bienvenue/bienvenue2352.html?lang=EN (last visited May 31, 2022).
    The Kyoto Protocol - Status of Ratification, UNFCCC Sites and platforms, https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification (last visited Nov. 12, 2021).
    United Nations Environment Programme, https://www.unep.org/ (last visited Apr. 2, 2022).
    World Meteorological Organization, https://public.wmo.int/en (last visited Apr. 2, 2022).
    (八) 網際網路資料
    Angela Dewan & Amy Cassidy, COP26 ended with the Glasgow Climate Pact. Here`s where it succeeded and failed, CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/14/world/cop26-glasgow-climate-pact-intl-cmd/index.html (last visited Apr. 5, 2022).
    EURACTIV, Warming in Europe reached 2°C on average in 2021, EU data shows, https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/warming-in-europe-reached-2c-on-average-in-2021-eu-data-shows/ (last visited Jul. 5, 2022).
    Euronews, European Parliament gives final approval to EU`s 2050 climate neutrality target, https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2021/06/24/european-parliament-gives-final-approval-to-eu-s-2050-climate-neutrality-target (last visited Jul. 7, 2022).
    Fiona Harvey, Damian Carrington & Libby Brooks, COP26 Ends In Climate Agreement Despite India Watering Down Coal Resolution, THE GUARDIAN, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/13/cop26-countries-agree-to-accept-imperfect-climate-agreement (last visited Apr. 4, 2022).
    Frédéric Simon and Kira Taylor, The Green Brief: Floods, heat and fire, EURACTIV, https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/the-green-brief-floods-heat-and-fire/ (last visited Jul. 5, 2022).
    Fridays for Future website, https://fridaysforfuture.org/ (last visited Jun. 15, 2022).
    Matthew Taylor, Global climate strike: thousands join coordinated action across world, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/24/people-in-99-countries-take-part-in-global-climate-strike (last visited Jul. 12, 2022).
    Mindy Weisberger, In global climate strike, youth demand action worldwide, Live Science, https://www.livescience.com/global-climate-strike-youth (last visited Jun. 15, 2022).
    Tweet from António Guterres (@antonioguterres) at 04:13 on Nov. 14, 2021, “The #COP26 outcome is a compromise, reflecting the interests, contradictions & state of political will in the world today.”, https://twitter.com/antonioguterres/status/1459615542764093447?s=20&t=p-Yqx5M_ctuK8wdNuaIUwQ (last visited Apr. 5, 2022).
    World Health Organization, Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it (last visited May 25, 2022)
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法學院碩士在職專班
    108961017
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108961017
    資料類型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202201420
    顯示於類別:[法學院碩士在職專班] 學位論文

    文件中的檔案:

    檔案 描述 大小格式瀏覽次數
    101701.pdf3098KbAdobe PDF2145檢視/開啟


    在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回饋