Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120872
|
| Title: | 北方漢語分類詞數量之演變對分類詞起源之意涵
The Development of Chinese Numeral Classifiers’ Quantity in Northern China: Implication to the Origin of Numeral Classifiers |
| Authors: | 黃從嘉
Huang, Tsung-Chia |
| Contributors: | 何萬順
Her, One-Soon
黃從嘉
Huang, Tsung-Chia |
| Keywords: | 分類詞
量詞
語言接觸
分類詞單一起源假說
Sortal classifier
Mensural classifier
Language contact
Single origin hypothesis of sortal classifiers |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-11-09 15:43:48 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 分類詞是漢語中的一大主要詞性。然而，對於漢語分類詞的起源，目前尚無結論。一派說法認為漢語分類詞起源於東南亞的侗台語系，原因之一是南方漢語擁有比北方漢語更多的分類詞 (例如，Peyraube 1991)。另一方面，Her & Li (to appear)以及其他學者則認為漢語分類詞應該起源於漢語本身，是因為與阿爾泰民族語言接觸的關係，造成北方的分類詞減少。
為了證明這一項假說，我們尋找了兩個不同時期的分類詞，分別是分類詞語法成型的魏晉南北朝，以及統治者為阿爾泰民族的元朝。結果顯示雖然元朝統治者所講的蒙古語沒有分類詞，但是元朝的漢語分類詞卻比魏晉南北朝還要多，大約多了20個左右。
然而，現代南方漢語卻擁有比北方漢語更多的分類詞 (橋本萬太郎 1985, Yue 2003)。基於這項事實與本文研究的結果，我們提出以下推論。北方漢語的分類詞語法在魏晉南北朝已發展成熟，而到了元朝，此語法發展得更加茁壯，分類詞數量更多，並未因發生阿爾泰化的現象而減少，因此北方漢語的分類詞之所以到了現代會減少，應該是在被滿族統治近三百年的清代才發生。此項推論以及其他可能的原因，未來仍需要學者進行進一步的研究。
Sortal classifier is one of the major syntactic categories in Sinitic languages. However, there is no consensus on the origin of Chinese classifiers. It has been argued that Chinese sortal classifiers originated from Tai-Kadai in Southeast Asia, one of the reasons being that there are more sortal classifiers in the southern varieties of Sinitic languages than in northern Chinese (e.g. Peyraube 1991 among others). On the other hand, Her & Li (to appear), among others, argue that Chinese developed sortal classifiers indigenously, while language contact in the north with Altaic languages caused the decrease in the number of sortal classifiers in northern Chinese.
To verify the latter hypothesis, we collected and compared sortal classifiers in northern Chinese from two time periods: the period from Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, where the category of sortal classifier was firmly established, and Yuan Dynasty, an Altaic regime. The results show that there are about 20 more sortal classifiers in Yuan, even though the rulers’ language, i.e., Mongolian, is a non-classifier language.
However, contemporarily southern Chinese languages have more sortal classifiers than northern Chinese (Hashimoto 1985, Yue 2003). Taking this fact and our results together, we propose the following hypothesis. The classifier system in Northern Chinese had developed quite maturely in Wei Jin and continued to grow well into the Yuan Dynasty, and the effect of Altaicization in terms of the decrease of sortal classifiers did not occur until the 300-year rule of the Qing Dynasty. However, we leave this hypothesis and other possible reasons why sortal classifiers in northern Chinese decreased to future research. |
| Reference: | 白冰. 2001. 〈宋元時期個體量詞的變化和發展〉，《山西高等學校社會科學學報》13.7: 106-109
步連增. 2011. 〈南方漢語中量詞定指現象來源初探－以桂南平話為例〉，《語言研究》2011.3: 99-106
陳孟英. 2013. 《台灣閩南語中的分類詞》，國立政治大學語言學研究所碩士論文
陳羿如. 2013. 《量詞與分類詞：教學的反思與建議》，國立政治大學華語文教學碩博士學位學程碩士論文
鄧盛有. 2007. 《客家話的古漢語和非漢語成分分析研究》，國立中正大學中國文學研究所博士論文
郭錫良. 2005. 《漢語史論集》。北京：商務印書館
何萬順. 2009a. 〈語言與族群認同：從台灣外省族群的母語與台灣華語談起〉，《語言暨語言學》10.2: 375-419
何萬順. 2009b. 〈台灣華語與本土母語：衝突抑或相容？〉，《海翁台語文教學季
刊》2.1: 26-39
李若暉. 2000. 〈殷代量詞初探〉，《古漢語研究》2000.2: 79-84
梁敏. 1983. 〈壯侗語族量詞的產生和發展〉，《民族語文》1983.3: 8-16
劉世儒. 1965.《魏晉南北朝量詞研究》。北京：中華書局
彭文芳. 2001.《元代量詞研究》，廣西師範大學中文系碩士論文
橋本萬太郎著、余志鴻譯. 1985.《語言地理類型學》。北京：北京大學出版社
蘇瑞、李海英. 2011. 〈中國歷史上非漢族王朝的語言地位規劃〉，《長江學術》 6.3: 133-142
孫明. 2010. 〈關於漢語滿語量詞的比較研究〉，《民族翻譯》3.1 : 72-75
王力. 2013. 《漢語史稿》。北京：中華書局
徐丹、傅京起. 2011. 〈量詞及其類型學考察〉，《語言科學》10.6: 561-573
吳福祥、馮勝利、黃正德. 2006. 〈漢語“數+量+名”格式的來源〉，《中國語文》 5:387-400.
楊通銀、郝建微. 2017. 〈侗台語含“一”數量名特殊短語結構研究〉，《百色學院學報》30.4: 31-37
游汝杰. 1982. 〈論台語量詞在漢語南方方言中的底層遺存〉，《民族語文》4.2: 33-45
游汝杰. 1995. 《中國南方語言裡的鳥蟲類名詞詞頭及相關問題》
張赬. 2012. 《類型學視野的漢語名量詞演變史》。北京：北京大學出版社
鄭邵琳. 2013. 《魏晉南北朝石刻名量詞研究》，華東師範大學中國語言文學系博士論文
周振鶴、游汝杰. 1986. 《方言與中國文化》。上海：上海人民出版社
Adams, Karen Lee. 1991. The influence of non-Austroasiatic languages on numeral classification in Austroasiatic. Journal of the American Oriental Society 111.1: 62-81
Behr, Wolfgang. 2009. Classifiers, lexical tone, determinatives: a look at their emergence and diachrony in Old Chinese and beyond. Handout from Diachrony of CLF Workshop, NIAS Wassenaar, 2009
Cheng, Lisa L. and Rint Sybesma. 2005. Classifiers in four varieties of Chinese. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax, eds.by G. Cinque and R. S. Kayne, pp. 259-262. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cheng, Robert L.. 1985. A Comparison of Taiwanese, Taiwan Mandarin, and Peking Mandarin. Language 61.2: 352-377
Ebert, Karen H.. 1994. The structure of Kiranti languages: Comparative grammar and texts. Zurich: University of Zurich dissertation.
Erbaugh, Mary S.. 1986. Taking stock: The development of Chinese noun classifiers historically and in young children. Noun Classes and Noun Categorization: Proceedings of a Symposium on Categorization and Noun Classification, eds. by C. Craig, pp. 399-436. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gil, David. 2013. Numeral Classifiers. The World Alias of Language Structures Online, eds. by Matthew S. Dryer and Martin Haspelmath. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/55, Accessed on 2018-04-14)
Hashimoto, Mantaro. 1977. The genealogy and the role of the classifier in Sino-Tibetan. Computational Analyses of Asian and African Languages 7: 69-78
Hashimoto, Mantaro. 1980. Typography of phonotactics and suprasegmentals in languages of the East Asian continent. Computational Analysis of Asian and African Languages 13.153-164
Hashimoto, Mantaro. 1986. The Altaicization of Northern Chinese. Contributions to Sino-Tibetan Studies, eds. by John McCoy and Timothy Light, pp. 76-97. Leiden: E. J. Brill
Her, One-Soon. 2012. Distinguishing Classifiers and Measure Words: a Mathematical Perspective and Implications. Lingua 122.14: 1668-1691
Her, One-Soon and Chen-Tien Hsieh. 2010. On the semantic distinction between classifiers and measure words. Language and Linguistics 11.3: 527-550
Her, One-Soon & Bing-Tsiong Li. to appear. A single origin of numeral classifiers in Asia, Pacific, and Europe: A hypothesis. Nominal Classification in Asia: Functional and diachronic perspectives, eds. by Marc Tang and Marcin Kilarski, to appear. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Huang, Zaipin. 1964. Origin and development of Chinese classifiers in accordance with materials of inscriptions on bones and turtle shells and old manuscripts up to Jin period. Zhongguo Yuwen 6.
Jones, Robert B. 1970. Classifier constructions in Southeast Asia. Journal of the American Oriental Society 90.1: 1-12
LaPolla, Randy. 2010. Language Contact and Language Change in the History of the Sinitic Languages. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2.5: 6858–6868.
Lu, Tian-Qiao. 2012. Classifiers in Kam-Tai Languages: A Cognitive and Cultural Perspective. Irvine: Universal Publishers.
McWhorter, John. 2007. Language Interrupted: Signs of Non-Native Acquisition in Standard Language Grammars. New York: Oxford University Press.
Morev, Lev. 2000. Some afterthoughts on classifiers in the Tai languages. Mon-Khmer Studies 30, 2000, 75-82
Peyraube, Alain. 1991. Some remarks on the history of Chinese classifiers. Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics 3:106-126
Peyraube, Alain. 1998. On the history of classifiers in Archaic and Medieval Chinese. Studia Linguistica Serica, eds. by Benjamin K. T’sou, pp. 131–145. Hong Kong: Language Information Sciences Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong.
Tang, Chih-Chen Jane. 1996. ta mai-le bi shizhi and Chinese phrase structure. The Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology 67.3: 445-502
Wang, Jun. 1991. Language Interaction in China, pp. 161-186
Wang, Lianqing. 1994. Origin and Development of Classifiers in Chinese. Columbus: Ohio State University dissertation.
Yue, Anne O. 2003. Chinese Dialects: Grammar. The Sino-Tibetan Languages, eds. by Randy J. LaPolla and Graham Thurgood, pp. 84-125. London: Psychology Press.
Zhang, Gongjin. 1980. About the markers of singularity in Chinese and Chuang-Dong languages. Selected Articles of the Central Institute for Nationalities. Beijing: Publication of the Central Institute for Nationalities. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
104555008 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104555008 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/THE.NCCU.GIL.006.2018.A07 |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 500801.pdf | 1364Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 391 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
