Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118560
|
| Title: | 穆斯林產油國的性別不平等及其對馬來西亞婦女地位之意涵
Gender Inequality in Muslim Majority Petro-States: Implications for Women’s Status in Malaysia |
| Authors: | 游央
Juhas, Jan |
| Contributors: | 林永芳
Lin, Yung-Fang
游央
Jan Juhas |
| Keywords: | 性別不平等
石油收入
伊斯蘭地區
中東及北非
馬來西亞
Gender inequality
Oil revenues
Islamic religion
MENA
Malaysia |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-07-10 15:36:45 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 大多數石油產出國的社會內都有性別不平等的現象。考慮到問題的複雜性，一些宗教規範和傳統以及石油收入都可能是造成這些國家的婦女社會低位較低的原因。本文採用質性研究方法來闡述影響穆斯林世界中石油產出國的婦女地位之變因。礦產等自然資源帶來的巨大財富以及伊斯蘭教信仰可能是導致穆斯林世界中大多數石油國家性別不平等的原因。中東和北非的性別不平等指數位居全球首位，但是一些盛產石油的穆斯林國家的婦女地位較中東和北非的婦女來得高，本研究分析了石油收入和伊斯蘭教對性別不平等的影響，並針對此現象作一回應。本研究對馬來西亞為例，深入分析自然資源豐富且國內多數人口信奉穆斯林的馬國，是如何被視為一個性別相對平等的社會。馬來西亞的案例是一反論證，造成中東和北非地區性別鴻溝的是產油收入以及伊斯蘭教，不過這兩者在馬國卻沒有明顯的作用。根據研究的分析結果確定了石油收入是造成一定程度上的性別不平等之因，也為自然資源豐富的穆斯林國家──馬來西亞，相較於中東和北非地區，性別不平等程度較低的現象找到解答，藉以確定影響大多數穆斯林國家婦女地位非量化的變因。
Admitting the complexity of the issues, some religious norms and traditions together with the inflow of oil revenues might contribute to the subordination of women in the society. This thesis uses qualitative research methods to elaborate the variables influencing the status of women in Muslim majority Petro-states. The extraordinary wealth flowing from mineral and natural resources mixed with Islamist religion can contribute to the formation of gender inequalities in Muslim majority Petro countries. The study is analyzing the effect of oil revenues and Islam on gender inequality in order to answer why women in some of the Muslim oil abundant countries are doing better than in the Middle East and North Africa, where women suffer from highest gender inequality indexes. Research provides a complex analysis of the case of Malaysia, as a country rich in natural resources, having Muslim majority population, but still considered as a relatively gender equal society. The case of Malaysia serves as the counter-argument, proving the existence of counter variables, mitigating the negative influence of oil revenues and Islam religiosity in Malaysia, causing deep gender gaps in countries of MENA. This analysis identifies to what extent oil revenues are causing gender inequality, answering why Malaysia as a Muslim country, rich on natural resources, can enjoy a lower level of gender inequality compared to the Middle East and North African region; in order to identify not quantifiable variables impacting the status of women in Muslim majority countries. |
| Reference: | Abu Bakar, Nor’Aznin; Abdullah, Norehan. “Labor Force Participation of women in Malaysia.” http://repo.uum.edu.my/2469/1/Nor%E2%80%99Aznin_Abu_Bakar.pdf
Ang, Helen. “Honey, I shrunk the Chinese.” (December 9, 2009). Availiable at : https://web.archive.org/web/20120525132129/http://english.cpiasia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1804:honey-i-shrunk-the-chinese-&catid=198:helen-ang&Itemid=156.
Bank Pembangunan. “Report on Malaysia Oil and Gas Exploration and production.” (2011). Available at: http://www.bpmb.com.my/documents/21475/33700/20.pdf/3723eecd-5976-4fd2-9b10-c1375fbdd4cc.
Barlas, Asma. “"Believing Women" in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur`an.” (University of Texas: 2016).
BBC. “Malaysia country profile.” BBC. (20 July 2017). Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15356257
BBC, “Saudi Arabia detains seven activists agead of lifting of driving ban.” BBC News. (May 18, 2018).
British Dictionary. “Multiculturalism,” Dictionary. Available at: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/multiculturalism
Bristow, Michael. “Ethnic harmony on show in Malaysian street,” BBC News. Malacca. (10 May 2016). Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36125534.
Boulton, William; Pecht, Michael; Tucker, William; Wennberg, Sam. “Electronics Manufacturing in the Pacific Rim, World Technology Evaluation Center, Chapter 4: Malaysia.” The World Technology Evaluation Center, Inc. (May 1997).
Central Intelligence Agency. “The World Factbook.” CIA. (last upadate: Nov 14, 2017). Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html
Chaudhuri, Sarbajit. “Foreign capital, non-traded goods and welfare in a developing economy in the presence of externalities.” International Review of Economics & Finance. Elsevier. (published: 2014).
Coontz, Stephanie. “Why Gender Equality Stalled?.” The New York Times. (February, 16, 2013). Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/17/opinion/sunday/why-gender-equality-stalled.html
Cultural Infusion. “We Can Now Measure Cultural Diversity?.” (Retrieved: April 2, 2018). Available at: https://culturalinfusion.org.au/can-now-measure-cultural-diversity/.
Departments of Statistics Malaysia. “Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristic Report.” (29, July 2011). Available at: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=117&bul_id=MDMxdHZjWTk1SjFzTzNkRXYzcVZjdz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09
Devex. “How gender equality can boost economic growth.” Devex. (October 21, 2013). Available at: https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/how-gender-equality-can-boost-economic-growth-82130
Donovan, Dan. “Politics and Islam in Central Asia and MENA.” International Policy Digest. (April 24, 2012). Available at: https://intpolicydigest.org/2012/04/24/politics-and-islam-in-central-asia-and-mena
Ebrahimzadeh, Christine. “Dutch Disease: Wealth Managed Unwisely.” International Monetary Fund. (March 28, 2012). Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/dutch.htm
Economic Transformation Programme. “New Economic Model of Malaysia.” (Kuala Lumpur: 2010). Available at: http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/upload/etp_handbook_chapter_1-4_economic_model.pdf
El-Erian; Eken; Fennell; Chauffour. “Growth and Stability in the Middle East and North Africa.” International Monetary Fund. (March, 1996). Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/mena/04econ.htm.
Embong R., Abdul. “Malaysia as a Multicultural Society.” (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2012).
Financial Times. “Opinion: UAE ´Dutch Disease´ offers lesson.” Financial Times. (February 21, 2016). Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/ef972c46-4ad1-11de-87c2-00144feabdc0
Frederiksen, Elisabeth. “Labor Mobility, Household Production and Dutch Disease.” (May, 2007). Available at: http://www.feem-web.it/ess/ess07/files/frederiksen_fp.pdf
Friedman L., Thomas. “Hot, Flat, and Crowded 2.0: Why We Need a Green Revolution--and How It Can Renew America.” (New York: Picador, 2009).
Guisoa; Sapienzad; Zingales. “People’s opium? Religion and economic attitudes.” Journal of Monetary Economics 50. (September 6th, 2002).
Goldin, Claudia. Kerr, P. Sari. Olivetti, Claudia; Barth, Erling. “The Expanding Gender Earnings Gap. “Evidence from the LEHD-2000 Census.” (2015). Available at: file:///C:/Users/Acer/Downloads/TheExpandingGenderEarningsGapEvide_preview.pdf
Gruber, J. “Religious market structure, religious participation, and outcomes: is religion good for you?.” Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 5. (2005).
Hausmann, Ricardo; Tyson, D. Laura; Zahidi, Saidi. “The Global Gender Gap Report 2012.” World Economic Forum. (Switzerland: 2013). Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2012.pdf
Hays, Jeffrey. “Minorities, Ethnic Issues, Discrimination and Government Policies in Malaysia,” (June, 2015), Available at: http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Malaysia/sub5_4c/entry-3644.html
Holm, Jean. “Women in Religion.” (Bloomsbury Academic – 1994).
Hroub, Khaled. “The Curse of Religiosity.” Islam in the Middle East. (June 30, 2017). Available at: https://en.qantara.de/content/islam-in-the-middle-east-the-curse-of-religiosity
Inglehart, Ronald; Norris, Pippa. “Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World.” (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
International Bussines Publications. “Malaysia Recent Economic and Political Developments Yearbook Volume I.” (Washington D.C., 2015).
International Monetary Fund. “Economic Diversification in Oil-Exporting Arab
Countries.” Annual Meeting of Arab Ministers of Finance. (Bahrain: April 2016). Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2016/042916.pdf
Institut Montaigne. “Saudi Arabia: Curing the Dutch disease.” Montaigne. (November 27, 2017). Available at: http://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/saudi-arabia-curing-dutch-disease#.
Islamicity Foundation. “Islamicity Indices.” Available at: http://islamicity-index.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Over-All-Muslim.pdf
Islamswomen. “Marriage.” (retrived: May 25, 2018) Available at: http://www.islamswomen.com/marriage/intro_to_marriage.php.
Istizada. “MENA Region Countries List 2017.” Istizada. 2017. Available at: http://istizada.com/mena-region/
Khalid, Hassana; Abdullah, Azrai. “Effect of Oil Revenue and the Sudan Economy: Econometric Model for Services Sector GDP.” Global Conference on Business & Social Science, (published: Elsevier, 2015). Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187704281500395X
Klingorova, Kamila; Havlicek, Tomáš. “Religion and gender inequality: The status of women in the societies of world religions.” Moravian Geographical Reports 2/2015. Vol. 23 (Prague: February, 2015).
Kotsadam, Andrea; Tolonen, Anja; “African Mining, Gender, and local employment.” World Development Vol. 83. (New York – 2016).
Lamrabet, Asma. “What does the Qur’an say about the interfaith marriage?.” (Jan 18, 2013). Available at: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.asma-lamrabet.com/articles/what-does-the-qur-an-say-about-the-interfaith-marriage/.
Larsen, Erling. “Escaping the Natural Resource Curse and the Dutch Disease?.” (Berkeley University Press, 2002).
Liang, Wei. Goh; “Gender inequality and women in Malaysia.” (8 Mar, 2015). Available at: https://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/291333
Lyons, Kate. “Majority of men in Middle East survey believe a woman`s place is in the home.” The Guardian. (May 2, 2017). Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/may/02/majority-of-men-in-middle-east-north-africa-survey-believe-a-womans-place-is-in-the-home.
Malik, Kenan. “Multuculturalism undermines diversity.” The Guradian. (March 17, 2017). Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/17/multiculturalism-diversity-political-policy
Miller, Erica. “The Role of Islam in Malaysian Political Practice.” Al Nakhlah. (Fall, 2004). Available at: http://fletcher.tufts.edu/~/media/Fletcher/Microsites/al%20Nakhlah/archives/pdfs/miller.pdf.
Mir-Hosseini, Ziba. “Towards Gender Equality: Muslim Family Laws and the Shari`ah, Wanted: Equality and Justice in the Muslim Family.” ( Musawah, Kuala Lumpur: 2009).
Musawah. “CEDAW and Muslim Family Laws.” (Vilin Press: Selangor – 2012).
PEW Research Centre. “Middle East-North Africa Overview.” PEW. (OCTOBER 7, 2009). Avaialble at: http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population10/
Ross L., Michael. “Oil, Islam, and Women.” American Political Science Review. (New York, 2008).
Ross L., Michael. “The Oil Curse: How the Petroleum Wealth Shapes Development of the Nations.” (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2012).
Sacerdote, Bruce; Glaeser, Edward. “Education and Religion.” National Bureau of Economic Research. (January, 2001).
Sachs, J. D.; Warner, A. M. “Fundamental Sources of Long-run Growth.” Amer. Econ. Rev. 1997.
Safra project. “sexuality, gender and islam.” (Updated : 2013). Available at: http://www.safraproject.org/sgi-genderroles.htm.
Sayyid, Ali Al-Husseini, Al-Sassini. “Women´s issues.” (retrieved: April 28, 2018). Available at: https://www.sistani.org/english/book/46/2065/.
Seguino, Stephanie; Lovinsky, James. “The Impact of Religiosity on Gender Attitudes and Outcomes.” (University of Vermount: Feb 24, 2009). Available at: http://www.uvm.edu/~sseguino/pdf/Religiosity.pdf
Selin, Helaine. “Parenting Across Cultures – Childrearing, Motherhood and Fatherhood in Non Western Countries.” (Springer: New York, 2013).
Singh, Ankita. “Why Religion Is The Hardest Barrier Women Must Overcome For Gender Equality.” Elite Daily. (March 9, 2016). Available at: http://elitedaily.com/women/religion-women-barrier-equality/1412604/.
Smith, Christian. “American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving.” (University of Chicago Press: 1998).
Stump, David. “Book Review: Evolution and Religious Creation Myths: How Scientists Respond.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology. (December 29, 2009).
The Atlas Media. “The Observatory of Economic Complexity 2016.” (Retrieved: April 26, 2018). Available at: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/
Torvik, Ragnar. “Why do some resource-abundant countries succeed while others do not?” (Oxford University Press, 2009). Available at: http://www.svt.ntnu.no/iso/Ragnar.Torvik/OXREP.pdf.
Voas, David; McAndrew, Siobhan. “Three Puzzles of Non-religion in Britain.” In Arweck, Elisabeth; Bullivant, Stephen; Lee, Lois. Secularity and Non-religion. (Routledge Press, London: 2014).
Ouarraki, Abdel-Jaouad. “How to Mesuare Islam.” (Leiden University: May 19, 2017). Available at: https://msanl.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Capstone_Ouarraki_Final.pdf.
Revolvy. “Gender Roles in Islam.” Revolvy. (retrieved: April 28, 2018). Available at: https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Gender+roles+in+Islam.
Qinfen, Ma. “Female Labour Force Participation in Malaysia: Time-series Evidence,” South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law. Vol. 14, (Dec 3, 2017). Available at: http://seajbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ECON-51.pdf.
United Nations. “The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World.” Human Development Report 2013. (New York, 2013).
United States State Department. “Malaysia.” USSD. (14 July 2010).
U.S. Department of State. “U.S. Relations With Malaysia.” (February 25, 2016). Available at: https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm
U.S. Energy Information Administration. “International Energy Statistics.” Available at: http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=57&aid=6&cid=regions&syid=2010&eyid=2014&unit=BB.
Yee, Tan Hui. “Malaysia election: Pollster Merdeka Center expects BN to win poll, but not popular vote.” Straits Time. (Kuala Lumpur: May 8,2018). available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-election-pollster-merdeka-center-expects-bn-to-win-poll-but-not-popular-vote.
Yousef, T.M. “Development, Growth and Policy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa since 1950.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol. 18, No 3. (Summer, 2004).
Yusof, Amir “Malaysia election: Winds of change in Kelantan as voters return home in droves.” (May 8, 2018). Available at: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-election-wind-of-change-in-kelantan-as-voters-return-10212170.
Yusof, Z. Aznam; Bhattasali, Deepak. “Economic Growth and Development in Malaysia: Policy Making and Leadership.” The World Bank. (Washington D.C.: 2008).
World Bank. “Economic Growth in 1990s: Learning from Decade of Reform.” (Washington D.C: The World Bank, 2003).
World Bank. “Gender Equality and Development.” World Development Report 2012. (Washington DC, 2012).
World Bank. Global Gender Gap Index 2015. World Development Indicators. (Washington DC, 2015).
World Bank. “World Development Indicators – Labour Force Participation Rate, Female (% of women population)”. DataBank. Available at: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS&country=
W.,C. “What Dutch disease is, and why it`s bad.” The Economist. (Nov 5th 2014). Available at: http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/11/economist-explains-2.
World Economic Forum. “The Case for Gender Equality.” WEF. (2015). Available at: http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/the-case-for-gender-equality/
World Economic Report. “The Global Gender Gap Report 2016.” WEF. (2016). Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR16/WEF_Global_Gender_Gap_Report_2016.pdf
World Economic Forum. “Why gender equality makes business sense.” WEF. (January 20, 2016). Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/why-gender-equality-makes-business-sense/
Zagha, Roberto; Nankami T, Gobind. “Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform.” (Washington: The World Bank, 2005). |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
105862018 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105862018 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMPIS.006.2018.A06 |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際研究英語碩士學位學程] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 201801.pdf | 1885Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 318 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
