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    题名: 從國際趨勢看智財策略管理與企業經營整合-以企業內部智財策略與實施為例
    Enterprise Strategic IP Management：Integrating IP and Business Management within Organization
    作者: 陳奕之
    Chen, Alex Yi-Chih
    贡献者: 馮震宇
    Jerry G. Fong
    陳奕之
    Alex Yi-Chih Chen
    关键词: 企業經營
    策略管理
    智慧財產權
    企業智財策略管理
    智財佈局
    智財管理
    智財授權
    智財訴訟
    企業併購
    策略聯盟
    Business management
    Strategic management
    Intellectual property
    Enterprise strategic IP management
    IP procurement
    IP management
    IP licensing
    IP litigation
    M&A
    Strategic alliance
    日期: 2016
    上传时间: 2017-04-05 15:42:22 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　從轟動全球的鴻海與夏普併購案、安謀與英特爾兩個直接競爭者間的晶片架構授權、蘋果與三星纏身多年仍難分難解的設計專利訴訟，再再都顯示智慧財產的重要性，及妥適的規劃與運用企業智財策略管理，能為企業帶來
    的競爭優勢與經營彈性，可惜的是相關文獻不僅相當少，既有策略管理文獻，對智慧財產層面之策略管理，又鮮有論述。為期許自己能夠對實務及學術領域皆盡棉薄之力，並推廣相關知識，本研究選擇企業智財策略管理為研究標的，以有無積極採取此面向策略管理之利弊分析為主軸，分別涉及之具體考量為核心，再輔以國際案例說明，以應證智財管理與企業經營整合之趨勢。
    　　為完整探討企業智財策略管理，本研究前兩章先思考廣泛認知的策略管理面向，並套用至智慧財產層面，說明智財策略管理為何及其重要性，與企業應將其導入日常經營；於第三章與第四章，倚賴客觀嚴謹之文獻解讀與專家訪談，搭配靈活之商業邏輯分析，試圖拉近古今中外類似策略思維，說明此概念實非前所未聞，毋寧係吾人未善加利用之競爭策略，並由具體事項整理欠缺企業智財策略管理之危機與積極採取企業智財策略管理之國際趨勢，以充分說明欠缺注意之問題與徹底落實之好處，本研究更利用柯達和全錄，說明企業是如何從默默無聞到高度成功，後續又為何日漸衰敗，並以波音與安謀，描述其係如何日益壯大，與善用智財策略管理更上一層，應證前述分析，係實質可期之策略應用；於第五章嘗試歸納、分析與整合相關資料，經過多次思考、討論與修正，提出企業宜進行之內部組織調整及12步驟之企業智財策略管理，給予企業一套有具體步驟的策略指引，嘗試協助企業成就更上一層，維持高度競爭力，並永續經營；透過深入探討企業智財策略管理議題，亦希冀能夠達到拋磚引玉之效，激發更多討論，補充本研究之不足。
    　　From recent Foxconn-Sharp merger, licensing deal among ARM and Intel, and dogfight be-tween Apple and Samsung; the importance of intellectual property (IP) is self-evident. Enterprises could gain competiveness and flexibility if strategic IP management is carefully planned and applied. Generous IP activities remained, but only a handful of scholarships dedicated to the topic; more likely than not, these papers focused on traditional perspectives, rather than strategic IP management. This research intends to provide an account broadly discuss relevant issues, including, what strategic IP management is, how it should be treated by enterprises, and guidelines of integrating it to business management. Hope the thoughts provided could benefit current practices as well as academics.
    Chapter I & II described how the research is done, delved into traditional perspectives of strate-gic management, and construed strategic IP management to show the necessities of proper integra-tion for enterprises. Banked on resources and professional insights, Chapter III & IV carefully drew connections between strategic IP management and ancient Chinese wisdoms, and shown threats, benefits, and trends on why enterprise should incorporate strategic IP management into business. Further, it used famous corporations including Eastman Kodak, Xerox, Boeing Company, and ARM Holdings to show how successful businesses have failed due to careless on strategic IP management, in contrast to businesses indeed can benefited from proper integration of such instrument. Chapter V scrutinized materials, and integrated different opinions and perspectives, then provided adjustments to organizations within corporations and formulated a 12-steps strategic IP management intended to provide enterprises a guideline that would lead to further success. Lastly, Chapter VI provided a ret-rospect of the research, and wished to set an example and to stimulate more discussions.
    參考文獻: 一、　中文部分
    　　　　(一)、　專書
    1. 周延鵬，智慧財產全球行銷獲利聖經，2010年1月。
    2. 唐彥博、張甫任，策略管理，2011年5月。
    3. 張緯良，企業概論：掌握本質創造優勢，2015年6月，6版。
    4. 楊照，亂世裡的南方智慧：老子，2011年6月。
    5. 戴國良，策略管理-策略分析與本土個案實務，2010年2月，3版。

    　　　　(二)、　期刊論文
    1. 吳修辰，不賣晶片　只賣腦袋，商業周刊，第1234期，2011年7月。
    2. 吳修辰，安謀模式為何威脅英特爾，商業周刊，第1234期，2011年7月。
    3. 杜慧玲，以無形資產評價檢視我國智慧財產判決損害賠償計算方式之研究，2012年，國立政治大學智慧財產研究所。
    4. 車慧中，以美國專利侵權訴訟判決建構專利鑑價模型之研究，2009年，中華大學科技管理所。
    5. 林宏達，專利八國聯軍圍攻台灣！，商業周刊，第1240期，2011年8月。
    6. 陳良榕，「夢幻技術」OLED的敗部復活，天下雜誌，第587期，2015年12月8日。
    7. 陳蕙君，論專利權的價值—以選擇最適鑑價機制為基礎，2015年，國立中正大學法律研究所。
    8. 黃守萬，專利事業體Acacia Research Corporation的專利指標及訴訟之實證分析，2012年，國立交通大學科技法律研究所。
    9. 葉柏宏，以專利訴訟進行專利價值影響因素之分析，2007年，中華大學科技管理研究所。
    10. 詹炳耀，智慧財產估價的法制化研究，2003年，國立臺北大學法律研究所。

    　　　　(三)、　其他
    1. 阮啟殷、程永順、許維夫、李德育、潘飛、陸義淋，企業智財管理與運用策略經驗分享，104年度智慧財產專業人員培訓計畫-企業智慧財產價值創造戰略高峰會演講內容，2015年11月05日。
    2. 國際版權交易中心，開放於www.cbice.com/.
    3. 宿文堂，Do’s and Don’ts Concerning Patents，103學年度智慧財產契約研究講義—Drafting Patent License Agreements-Appendix A，2014年11月1日。
    4. 宿文堂，Independent Development條款，103學年度智慧財產契約研究講義—MUTUAL NONDISCLOSURE AGREEMENT，2014年10月25日。
    5. 黃俊欽，挑戰LCD王朝的新興顯示技術—OLED，2000年9月14日，開放於www.moneydj.com/report/zd/zdc/zdcz/zdcz_AF65E3C4-89CB-11D4-A1
    A4-00E018B00AED.djhtm。
    6. 鄭秀娟，[跟著教練學管理]用行動學習打造「團隊腦」，經理人，2013年7月8日，開放於www.managertoday.com.tw/columns/view/32643。
    7. 新聚能科技顧問，專利策略的課題：「創新的兩難」與專利委員會，2013年8月19日，開放於synergytek.com.tw/blog/2013/08/19/專利策略的課題：「創新的兩難」與專利委員會/。
    8. 王柏翔，跨國智慧財產權布局戰略及專利交易，104年度智慧財產專業人員培訓計畫-企業智慧財產價值創造戰略高峰會演講內容，2015年10月31日。
    9. 宋皇志，103學年度智財交易與行銷課程講義—智財交易與行銷課程介紹，2015年2月26日。
    10. 宋皇志，103學年度智財交易與行銷課程講義—智財交易與行銷策略研發，2015年3月26日。
    11. 蘇瓜藤，104學年度企業評價與評價準則課程—Prospective Analysis: Fore-casting，2015年10月29日。
    12. 蘇宇庭，已經打贏行動戰爭的ARM　下一步是擁抱硬體新創迎接IoT浪潮，2015年11月19日，開放於www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/38005。
    13. 張建中，切進富士廠供應鏈 太極股價揚，中央通訊社，2015年12月28日，開放於www.cnabc.com/news/aall/201512280115.aspx。
    14. 王逸芯，《通信網路》引進陸資搶食紅色供應鏈，美律股東會過了，中時電子報，2016年1月22日，開放於www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/
    20160122004190-260410。
    15. 王中一，蘋力覺醒台供應鏈振奮，工商時報，A1版，2016年1月25日。
    16. 崔绮雯，这个复印机公司，曾经有机会比苹果和微软加起来还大，好奇心日報，2016年2月26日，開放於www.qdaily.com/articles/22915.html。
    17. 史孟康，台灣為何難養出國際級品牌？問題出在這3個經營盲點！，經理人，2016年3月1日，開放於www.managertoday.com.tw/columns/view/
    52143。


    二、　英文部分
    　　　　(一)、　專書
    1. BABETTE BENSOUSSAN & CRAIG FLEISHER, ANALYSIS WITHOUT PARALYSIS: 12 TOOLS TO MAKE BETTER STRATEGIC DECISIONS (2012).
    2. CHARLES HILL ET AL., STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: THEORY: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH (2014).
    3. DANIEL GROSS, GREAT BUSINESS STORIES OF ALL TIME (1996).
    4. DAVID BROCK AND GORDON MOORE, UNDERSTANDING MOORE`S LAW: FOUR DECADES OF INNOVATION (2006).
    5. DAVID KLEIN, ASSETS & FINANCE: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS (2015).
    6. DOUGLAS K. SMITH AND ROBERT C. ALEXANDER, FUMBLING THE FUTURE: HOW XEROX INVENTED, THEN IGNORED, THE FIRST PERSONAL COMPUTER (1988).
    7. IVONA SKULTETYOVA, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN MERGERS AND ACQUISI-TIONS: DEAL MAKER OR DEAL BREAKER?--A SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSES OF DUE DILIGENCE IN IP DRIVEN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS, TILBURG UNIVERSITY LL.M. DEGREE THESIS (2012).
    8. JOHN PARNELL, STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE (2013).
    9. JOHN TRIANTIS, NAVIGATING STRATEGIC DECISIONS: THE POWER OF SOUND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING (2016).
    10. LANNING BRYER & MELVIN SEMINSKY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSETS IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS (Dec. 2001).
    11. MICHAEL KEATING AND PIERRE BREACAUD, REUSE METHODOLOGY MANUAL FOR SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP DESIGNS (3d, 2004).
    12. OLIVER GASSMANN AND FIONA SCHWEITZERK, MANAGEMENT OF THE FUZZY FRONT END OF INNOVATION (2013).
    13. SCOTT MOELLER AND CHRIS BRADY, INTELLIGENT M & A: NAVIGATING THE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS MINEFIELD (2d, May 2014).
    14. SIMON WOOTTON AND TERRY HORNE, STRATEGIC THINKING: A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO STRATEGY AND LEADERSHIP (2010).
    15. STEVE HEATH, MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES, SECOND EDITION: RISC, CISC AND DSP (2d, 2014).
    16. SUZANNE S. HARRISON AND PATRICK H. SULLIVAN, EDISON IN THE BOARDROOM REVISITED: HOW LEADING COMPANIES REALIZE VALUE FROM THEIR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (2011).
    17. TAKATOSHI TSUJIMURA, OLED DISPLAY FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS (2012).
    18. Tomoko Saiki, Intellectual Property in Mergers & Acquisitions, in ENCYCLOPE-DIA OF BUSINESS ANALYTICS AND OPTIMIZATION (John Wang ed., Feb. 2014).
    19. V S RAMASWAMY & S NAMAKUMARI, MARKETING MANAGEMENT (2013).

    　　　　(二)、　期刊論文
    1 Abdulrahman Al-Aali and David Teece, Towards the (Strategic) Management of Intellectual Property, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013).
    2 Adi Ignatius, Strategy’s Minefield, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 93, Issue 3(2015).
    3 Aija Leiponen, Control of intellectual assets in client relationships: implications for innovation, STRAT. MGMT. J., Vol. 29, Issue 13 (2008).
    4 Barbara LaSusa and Lawrence LaSusa, Intellectual Property “Best Practice” Tips for Small Law Departments, 86 MI BAR IN. 32 (Jan. 2007).
    5 Barry Newstead and Laura Lanzerotti, Can You Open-Source Your Strategy?, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 88, Issue 10 (2010).
    6 Bart Leten et al, IP Models to Orchestrate Innovation Ecosystems: IMEC, A PUBLIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN NANO-ELECTRONICS, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013).
    7 Bogdan A. Dobrescu and Don Lincoln, Mystery of the Hidden Cosmos, SCIEN-TIFIC AMERICAN, Vol. 313, Nos. 1 (July 2015).
    8 Ching W Tang, Steven Van Slyke, C.H. Chen, Electroluminescence of doped organic thin films, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol. 65, Nos. 9 (1989).
    9 Ching W Tang, Steven Van Slyke, Organic Electroluminescent Diodes, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol. 51, Nos. 12 (1987).
    10 David Kappos and Stuart Graham, The Case for Standard Measures of Patent Quality, MIT SLOAN MGMT. REV., Vol. 53, Issue. 3, (2012).
    11 David Kline, Sharing the corporate crown jewels, MIT SLOAN MGMT. REV., Vol. 44, Issue. 3 (2003).
    12 David Michael et al., Models of Intellectual Property Collaborations Between Mature and Emerging Market Companies, MIT SLOAN MGMT. REV., Vol. 56, Issue. 4 (2015).
    13 Doug Kinneard, The New Gold – INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, BOEING FRON-TIERS, Vol.5, Issue 4 (Aug. 2006).
    14 Fabrizio Cesaroni and Andrea Piccaluga, Operational Challenges and ST’s Pro-posed Solutions to Improve Collaboration between IP and R&D in Innovation Processes, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013).
    15 Harry J. Gwinell and Katherine S. Boyle, Ascending the Intellectual Property Management Pyramid, 5 CYBARIS 118 (2014).
    16 James Conley, Peter Bican, Holger Ernst, Value Articulation: A Framework for the Strategic Management of Intellectual Property, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013)
    17 Jeffrey D. Sullivan, First Steps in Building an Intellectual Property Program and Portfolio, 17 J. INTELL. PROP. L. 361 (2010)
    18 Jeffrey Pfeffer, Management a Profession? Where’s the Proof?, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 89, Issue 9 (2011).
    19 Joachim Henkel and Carliss Baldwin, Willy Shih, IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013).
    20 Kamal A. Munir and Nelson Phillips, The Birth of the `Kodak Moment`: Institu-tional Entrepreneurship and the Adoption of New Technologies, ORGANIZATION STUDIES, Vol. 26, Nos. 11 (2005).
    21 Kent Richardson, Erik Oliver, Michael Costa, The brokered patent market in 2015 – driving off a cliff or just a detour?, INTELLECTUAL ASSET MGMT., Issue 75 (Jan./Feb. 2016).
    22 Kevin Boudreau and Karim Lakhani, How to Manage Outside Innovation, MIT SLOAN MGMT. REV., Vol. 50, Issue. 4 (2009).
    23 Lily Kahng, The Taxation of Intellectual Capital, 66 FLA. L. REV. 2229 (2014).
    24 Markus Reitzig, How Executives Can Enhance IP Strategy and Performance, MIT SLOAN MGMT. REV., Vol. 49, Issue 1 (2007).
    25 Markus Reitzig, Strategic Management of Intellectual Property, MIT SLOAN MGMT. REV., Vol. 45, Issue 3 (2004).
    26 Marlo T. Miksche and Steven W. Roth, A Balanced Approach to Patent Utiliza-tion, 5 CYBARIS 99 (2014);
    27 Martin Reeves et al., Your Strategy Needs A Strategy, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 90, Issue 9 (2012).
    28 Mauro Guillén and Esteban García-Canal, Execution as Strategy, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 90, Issue 10 (2012).
    29 Michael Porter, The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 86, Issue 1 (2008).
    30 Michael Porter, What Is Strategy?, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 74, Issue 6 (1996).
    31 Michelle Wiles, A Picture of Bankruptcy: Through the Lens of Kodak, JCCC HONORS JOURNAL, Vol. 3, Nos. 2 (2012).
    32 Muhammad Shafique, Thinking inside the box? Intellectual structure of the knowledge base of innovation research (1988–2008), STRAT. MGMT. J., Vol. 34, Issue 1 (2013).
    33 Nir Brueller et al., How Do Different Types of Mergers and Acquisitions Facilitate Strategic Agility?, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 56, Nos. 3 (2014).
    34 Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, Gary, The Core Competence of the Corporation, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 68, Issue 3 (1990).
    35 Ricardo Hausmann and Federico Sturzenegger, U.S. and Global Imbalances: Can Dark Matter Prevent a Big Bang?, Working Paper, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (Nov. 13, 2005), available at www.cid.harvard.edu/cidpublications/darkmatter_ 051130.pdf.
    36 Richard Barker, No, Management Is Not a Profession, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 88, Issue 7/8 (2010).
    37 Roger Martin, The Big Lie of Strategic Planning, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 92, Issue 1/2 (2014).
    38 Sean Gourley, Locating Your Next Strategic Opportunity, HARV. BUS. REV., Vol. 89, Issue 3 (2011).
    39 Tilo Peters, Jana Thiel, Christopher Tucci, Protecting Growth Options in Dynamic Markets: THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC DISCLOSURE IN INTEGRATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGIES, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013).
    40 William Fisher & Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Strategic Management of Intellectual Property - An Integrated Approach, CALIF. MGMT. REV., Vol. 55, Nos. 4 (2013).

    　　　　(三)、　其他
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    7 Agam Shah, Intel faces a challenge in the server market with new ARM chips - Cavium and Marvell announce new ARM chips for servers and appliances at Computex, June 1, 2016, available at www.computerworld.com/article/3077993/
    computer-hardware/intel-faces-a-challenge-in-the-server-market-with-new-arm-
    chips.html.
    8 Alex Konrad, Why NetSuite Is Coming Home To Oracle In $9.3 Billion Acquisi-tion, Forbes, July 28, 2016, available at www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2016/
    07/28/why-netsuite-is-coming-home-to-oracle-in-9-3-billion-acquisition/#42f4a5da5fa8.
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    ing-giant-.aspx.
    10 Andrew Martin and Michael J De La Merced, Deccan Herald, Kodak Vows Re-bound Bankrupcy Filings, Jan 23, 2012, available at www.deccanherald.com/content/221259/kodak-vows-rebound-bankruptcy-filing.html.
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    of-xerox-s-suit-against-apple-barred.html.
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    newsroom/arm-acquires-apical-a-global-leader-in-imaging-and-embedded-comp
    uter-vision.php.
    13 ARM News Release, ARM buys Leading IoT Security Company Offspark as it Expands its mbed Platform, Feb. 9, 2015, available at www.arm.com/about/
    newsroom/arm-buys-leading-iot-security-company-offspark-as-it-expands-its-
    mbed-platform.php.
    14 ARM News Release, ARM Expands IoT Security Capability with Acquisition of Sansa Security, July 30, 2015, available at www.arm.com/about/newsroom/arm-expands-iot-security-capability-with-acquisition-of-sansa-security.php.
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