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    题名: 工資、房價及氣候與空氣品質之價值
    Wage, Rents, and the value of climate and air quality
    作者: 陳宜慶
    Chen, Yi Qing
    贡献者: 蕭代基
    Shaw, Dai Gee
    陳宜慶
    Chen,Yi Qing
    关键词: 特徵價格法
    特徵工資法
    氣候與空氣品質之價值
    hedonic price method
    hedonic wage method
    value of climate and air quality
    日期: 2016
    上传时间: 2016-08-09 11:59:31 (UTC+8)
    摘要:   近年來全球氣候變遷劇烈、空氣汙染十分嚴重,對自然生態與人類社會帶來愈來愈顯著的影響,人們對於生活之環境品質重視度逐漸提高,故本研究之目的為估計台灣地區氣候與空氣品質之價值,可供政府作為氣候變遷與環境保護政策之參考。本研究使用民國97年至100年之住宅需求動向調查與人力運用調查資料,以特徵價格法與特徵工資法之結合理論,將房屋交易市場區分為台北都會區、台中都會區、高雄都會區三個市場,勞動市場則視為全台灣單一市場,採用半對數模型以最小平方法進行迴歸分析,藉此計算各都會區環境品質之邊際隱含價格,進而估計出環境品質之逆需求函數,進行台灣地區氣候與空氣品質之價值評估,並同時與僅包含房價之特徵價格估計結果進行比較。
      由本研究之實證結果可得知,僅包含房價之特徵價格估計結果皆產生低估環境品質價值之狀況,因此應以包含房價與工資之特徵價格進行價值評估較為適當,根據估計之氣候與空氣品質改善效益顯示,台灣地區之家計單位偏好冬暖夏涼且空氣清新之地區,當一月均溫上升攝氏0.1度時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣6,175元之效益,當七月均溫下降攝氏0.1度時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣7,285元之效益,而當懸浮微粒濃度降低1微克/立方公尺時,家計單位平均可增加新台幣255元之效益,亦可看出由於全球暖化現象日益嚴重,造成全球之平均氣溫逐漸上升,夏季愈來愈炎熱,因此產生七月平均氣溫下降所帶來之效益較大的現象。
      The increasingly aggravating phenomenon of global climate change and air pollution will affect the behavior of both households and firms in several ways. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of climate and air quality, which people are concerning about, and provide information to policy makers. In this research, we use the Taiwan Housing Demand Survey data and the Taiwan Labor Force Survey data, both from 2008 to 2011, and we divide the housing market into three major metropolises including Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung, treating the labor market as a single market. This study uses the semi-logarithmic model and OLS method to estimate the hedonic price and wage regressions, and we calculate the marginal implicit prices of each environment variable. We then estimate the inverse demand functions of each environment variable using their marginal implicit prices respectively, and evaluate households’ benefits when the improvement of climate or air quality. Then the results are compared with the results which use the hedonic price model only.
      From the empirical results, we find that using the combined model to evaluate households’ benefits is more appropriate than using the hedonic price model only, which underestimates the households’ benefits. The empirical results indicate that Taiwan households appear to prefer warmer winter, cooler summer, and better air quality. Every household will get NT$ 6,175 benefit on average from a 0.1 degree Celsius higher January temperature, NT$ 7,285 benefit on average from a 0.1 degree Celsius lower July temperature, and NT$ 255 benefit on average from 1 lower 〖"PM" 〗_10. We also find that the benefit from lower July temperature is more than others, because of the rising earth’s surface temperature that make people concern about the effects of global warming.
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經濟學系
    103258037
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    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[經濟學系] 學位論文

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