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    Title: 邊沁的最大幸福原則:其理論內涵及應用
    Jeremy Bentham’s Greatest Happiness Principle: Its Theory and Application
    Authors: 吳文和
    Contributors: 陳建綱
    吳文和
    Keywords: 最大幸福原則
    邊沁
    效益主義
    多元成家
    同性婚姻
    同志
    少數
    羅爾斯
    彌爾
    康德
    諾奇克
    Greatest Happiness Principle
    Jeremy Bentham
    Utilitarianism
    Pluralistic Family
    Same-sex marriage
    LGBT
    minorities
    John Rawls
    John Stuart Mill
    Immanuel Kant
    Robert Nozick
    Date: 2016
    Issue Date: 2016-08-09 11:56:50 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 邊沁和效益主義主張「最大多數的最大幸福」,這樣的主張引起了擔憂,如羅爾斯擔憂是否會對少數者有不合理的要求。由於羅爾斯著作的深遠影響,本文試圖重新反思這些對邊沁和效益主義的批判。本文回到邊沁的著作,依據邊沁的理論前提和內涵,進而回應羅爾斯與諾奇克等對邊沁思想之疑問,並說明邊沁的最大幸福原則與康德批評的幸福原則之不同。批評者時常過度簡化了邊沁的思想,這不僅是對邊沁人性觀的片面解讀,也有違邊沁講求「證據」的經驗主義知識論。呼應諾貝爾經濟學獎得主康納曼所提出的「回到邊沁」之主張,本文的結論是「經驗效益的理性計算」、「依賴經驗的假設檢定」和「外力的法律制裁」只是用來協助道德,最大幸福原則的主要道德動力來源是人自身同情共感地不想讓她/他/牠者受苦,此與羅爾斯的互惠式正義理論不同;同時,效益必須以客觀經驗證據為基礎,最大幸福原則不只不會對少數者有不合理之要求,還主張為少數者爭取合理之「公民與法律權利」。此外,本文承繼邊沁將理論應用於社會改革之精神,效仿邊沁生前曾為英國性少數發聲和對婚姻改革之努力,將最大幸福原則應用於我國伴侶盟提出的多元成家草案。本文的觀點是,最大幸福原則能突破目前人權理論遭遇之各說各話的困境,不只為多元成家草案提供一個雙方均能接受之原則,最大幸福原則也足以作為個人道德生活和公共立法的指引。
    Reference: 邊沁原著及縮寫

    Fragment
    1995 “A Fragment on Government,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 1. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Principles
    1995 “Principles of Morals and Legislation,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 1. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Civil
    1995 “Principles of the Civil Code,”in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 1. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Rationale
    1995 “The Rationale of Reward,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 2. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Book
    1995 “The Book of Fallacies,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 2. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Fallacies
    1995 “Anarchical Fallacies,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 2. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Manual
    1995 “Manual of Political Economy” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 3. London: Thoemmes Press.
    View
    1995 “View of a Complete Code of Laws,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 3. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Pannomial
    1995 “Pannomial Fragments,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 3. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Bill
    1995 “Radical Reform Bill,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 3. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Evidence
    1995 “Rationale of Evidence,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 6. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Judicial Evidence
    1995 “Rationale of Judicial Evidence,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 7. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Constitutional Code
    1995 “Constitutional Code,” in John Bowring ed., The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Vol. 9. London: Thoemmes Press.
    Table
    1983 “A Table of the Springs of Action ” in Amnon Goldworth ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Deontology together with A table of the springs of action and the article on Utilitarianism. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Deontology
    1983 “Deontology ” in Amnon Goldworth ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Deontology together with A table of the springs of action and the article on Utilitarianism. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Article
    1983 “The Article on Utilitarianism ” in Amnon Goldworth ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Deontology together with A table of the springs of action and the article on Utilitarianism. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Code
    1983 “Constitutional Code ” in F. Rosen ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Constitutional Code. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    Constitutional
    1989 “Constitutional Code Rationale ” in Philip Schofield ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: First Principles Preparatory to Constitutional Code. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    Greece
    1990 “Constitutional Code: Greece ” in Philip Schofield ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Securities against misrule and other constitutional writings for Tripoli and Greece. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    Codification
    1998 “Codification Proposal ” in F. Rosen and Philip Schofield ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Legislator of the world. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    Sexual
    2014 “Of Sexual Irregularities” in Philip Schofield ed., The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham. New York: Oxford University Press.
    FG
    1988 A Fragment on Government, ed. by J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart, with an introduction by Ross Harrison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Theory
    1970 Theory of Legislation, ed. by R. Hildreth. London: Paternoster Row.
    Paederasty
    2009 “An Essay on Paederasty,” in Robert B. Baker and Kathleen J. Wininger ed.,Philiosophy and Sex. (Fourth)New York: Prometheus Books.

    外文部分

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    2015 〈為何同性戀平權不是同婚的有效理由?〉,《應用倫理評論》,58:57-67。
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    2014 〈效益主義的當代省思〉,輔仁大學哲學系碩士在職專班。
    娄伶俐
    2010 《主觀幸福感的經濟學理論與實證研究》上海:人民出版社。
    海耶克著,鄭正來、張守東、李靜冰譯
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    2002 〈價值形式與統治形式〉,《政治與社會哲學評論》,2:47-83。
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    2010〈婚姻作為法律上的異性戀父權與特權〉,《女學學誌:婦女與性別研究》,27:113-199。
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    2005《英國近代自由主義研究─從洛克、邊沁到彌爾》北京:北京大學出版社。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治學系
    101252007
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012520071
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[政治學系] 學位論文

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