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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/97997
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| Title: | 醫療事故民事責任之過失判定 |
| Other Titles: | Determination of Negligence in Medical Malpractice Civil Litigation |
| Authors: | 陳聰富
Chen, Tsung-Fu |
| Keywords: | 醫療事故;醫療常規;醫療慣例;醫療鑑定;醫療準則;理性醫師注意標準;漢德公式;專門職業人員;侵權過失責任
Medical Malpractice;Medical Customs;Medical Review Opinion;Medical Guidelines;Reasonable Physician’s Standard of Care;Learned Hand Formula;Professionals;Negligence in Torts |
| Date: | 2012-06 |
| Issue Date: | 2016-06-17 12:02:03 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 侵權行為法採取過失責任主義，必須加害人具有過失，始需負擔損害賠償責任。關於醫療事故，由於醫療行為涉及高度專業性、實驗性與不確定性，無論國內外之法院實務上，均發展出醫療常規的注意標準。然而，醫療常規係指普通一般醫師所依循的醫療行為模式，而非理性醫師應為之醫療行為。採取醫療常規之醫療標準，無疑降低醫師應有之注意義務。\\r 日本法上所謂醫療水準之判斷標準，並非固定不變的一致標準，而應相應於個案，探討醫師之診療、檢查是否符合診療當時，可合理期待之醫療方法。在概念上，亦屬斟酌病患之風險與利益的衡量標準，與理性醫師之標準並無不同。 醫學界使用之醫療準則，僅為一般共同治療方式之規範，無法針對個別案件予以規定。醫療行為本身是一種技術，也是一種藝術，無法以抽象共通的醫療準則，作為唯一的判斷標準。 本文認為，關於醫師之醫療行為是否具有過失，應適用理性醫師的注意標準，由法院依據醫療慣例（醫療常規）、鑑定意見、醫療準則之規範等，考察個別病人之特殊情狀，斟酌系爭案件的病人病情、某項診斷治療行為之風險、對於病人未為診斷治療所生之損害大小、損害發生之機率、醫師為病人進行某項診斷治療可能花費之成本，及病人本身之經濟負擔，予以綜合判斷之。
Defendants’ negligence is required for tort liability under tort law. In medical malpractice suits, many courts around the world create medical customs to be the standard of care for physicians in a tort litigation instead of the reasonable person of the standard of care due to the high uncertainty of the outcome of medical treatments and their experimental nature. The standard of medical customs is lower than that of reasonable person since it endows physicians with more privileges than ordinary defendants. The so-called “medical level” standard prevalent in Japanese medical law is not a concrete standard of care; it is nothing more than a standard of care that takes into account whether a physician’s diagnosis and treatment meets the anticipated medical standard. In theory, this standard is similar to that of a reasonable person, considering the risk and benefits of the treatments offered to patients. As far as the medical guidelines are concerned, although they are often followed by physicians in their practice, the guidelines are general rules, which are not specifically designed to be enforced in an individual patient’s case. These medical guidelines may not be construed to be a unique standard of care since medical treatments are not only techniques but also arts. This study argues that it should depend upon the standard of reasonable physician when determining the negligence of a doctor, while medical customs, medical review opinions, and medical guidelines are deemed relevant criteria only in so far as to determine the standard of reasonable physician. The standard of reasonable physician is equivalent to that of reasonable person with the specific taking into consideration of medical professionals. The standard of care under a reasonable physician should consider multiple factors such as an individual patient’s special circumstances, the risks of treatments, the potential losses, the possibilities of occurrence of risks, the cost of treatments, and the patient’s financial burdens. |
| Relation: | 法學評論, 127,349-412頁
Chengchi law review |
| Data Type: | article |
| Appears in Collections: | [政大法學評論 TSSCI] 期刊論文
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Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
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| 127(349-412).pdf | | 1074Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 399 | View/Open |
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