| Abstract: | 本文嘗試重新檢視《春秋》書例問題，微言大義，恐非在書日書月，正例變例之間，所謂「上明三王之道，下辨人事之紀，別嫌疑、明是非、定猶豫，善善惡惡，賢賢賤不肖，存亡國，繼絕世，補敝起廢，王道之大者也」，存亡繼絕，豈非關乎大者，補敝起廢，尤賴建極立制，所以祛除歧出，分別同異，從《春秋》書錄的形式、立場，以及書錄主題，思索一條新的詮釋方向，《春秋》編年為體，四時具而成年，《公羊》彰乎尊王一統之義；據魯史而成文，三傳發揮分別內外之旨；綜整《春秋》二十二門部，更明見彰顯班制之主張。今重新思考書例精神，綜整成六大書錄範疇，更可見《春秋》上明天道，下定綱紀，旣有天下定乎一的觀念，又深具主體意識，數千年以來，維繫中國之一統，建構國族思想，明別上下，留意分際，聖人之宏謨遠慮，因革損益，立百代垂範之典，用意深矣。
In this paper, we try to re-examine the subject about the rule of writing in Chunqiu. It determines the difference between accustomed and anomaly, tells the right thing to do and the principles to follow by means of little words, rather then for recording the massive data of daily routine. It can be represent as "to explain the law of tree ancient kings from global view, to discriminate the microcosm of the detail of human relations; to identify the suspect; to distinguish right and wrong, to determine when should to action or hesitate, and to recognize the good and evil, the wise and the wicked, to preserve a collapsing country, to continue the ethnocide, to modify the disadvantage and to arise from decay, it is the major for the kingly way of government by justice", the way to avoid extinction should be the base for every civilization, to modify the disadvantage and to arise from decay should dependent on the construction of establishment, base on this, one can integrate two differences or separate two similar, from the style, and subject of Chunqiu, we find a new direction to interpret it, Chunqiu catalogs by years, each year calendars by four seasons, Gongyang Commentary shows the ideal of the meaning for respecting the king; it bases on the history of the Lu, Tree Commentaries of Chunqiu makes the utmost of the internal and external function individually; once summarized the 22 sections, it shows the construction of traditional institutions more clearly. By using these ideals, one can understanding the spiritual principles in the cosmic point of view and to determine the discipline in the social point of view, it seems not only to carry out the concept of uniting everything under one system, but also hold the Main body consciousness, unless Chunqiu, for thousand years, it is hard to support the unification of China, to construction the thought of country race, to make the distinction, to pay attention to one`s proper limit, the consideration of sages is so deep, for addition and taking off in the historical development, they created the model for posterity, serves a very good and deep purpose. |
