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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/91305


    Title: 固體廢棄物管理財政政策之研究
    Authors: 黃建興
    Contributors: 鄭文輝
    黃建興
    Date: 1986
    Issue Date: 2016-05-05 14:16:23 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 摘要
    固體廢棄物是人類從事消費與生產活動必定會產生的副產品。現行價格制度，通常只反映出私人成本。財貨與勞務的價格，未能包括廢棄物處理成本，因此，價格偏低，生產與消費增加，所製造的垃圾亦隨之增加。
    將外部成本內部化的政策工具有管制工具與經濟工具。經濟學家通常贊成以經濟工具來調整。固體廢棄物管理的經濟工具有處理稅、垃圾稅、使用人費、補貼與押金等五項。
    有關固體廢棄物管理經濟工具之經濟分析，目前國內文獻罕有探討。本文研究的重點在於:(1)介紹各種工具的意義與性質。(2)依據Miedema一般均衡模型，以實質所得效果、垃圾產出效果、資源回收效果、淨垃圾效果與回收率效果等五項政策指標，來比較各經濟工具之政策效果。(3)將Miedema一般均衡模式予以擴充，就理論觀點多考慮下列三項:①實施押金制度的政策效果如何。②各項政策實行時，對政府處理垃圾財源的影響。③混合政策的實施會產生何種的政策效果。經由模擬分析，我們得到三點結論:
    1.租稅政策的效果優於補貼政策。其中處理稅是最佳的政策工具，可獲得最佳的實質所得、淨垃圾與回收率效果。
    2.考慮政府處理垃圾的財源，補貼會帶來赤字的困擾。
    3.實施混合政策，可經由稅率降低組合獲得與單一政策之處理稅相同政策效果，但缺點是垃圾處理財源略為不足，出現赤字情形。
    本文，也介紹各國現行固體廢棄物管理工具，並檢討台灣目前垃圾管理之財政政策運作情形，以期對解決台灣現行嚴重的垃圾問題有所助益。
    Reference: 參考書目
    中文部分:
    1.行政院研考會，各國環境污染概況及其防治措施，民國七十三年八月。
    2.政大法學院，台灣地區家戶垃圾收費問題實證分析，民國七十五年五月。
    3.鄭文輝著，台灣垃圾處理問題經濟面之探討，民國七十四年七月。
    4.鄭文輝著，「眼不見為淨?談台灣地區垃圾問題」，水芙蓉雜誌，民國七十五年一月，頁106~108。
    5.潘榮耀著，固體廢棄物處理－經濟面與實務上之分析，政治大學財政研究所碩士論文，民國七十四年六月。
    6.蔡茂松著，環境經濟學概要，台北:南宏圖書公司，民國六十七年三月。

    英文部份:
    1. Anderson, F.R. Environmental Improvement through Economic Incentive Baltimore: Johns-Hopkins University Press, 1977.
    2. ________, "Public Policies Toward the Use of Scrap Material".The American Economic Review (February 1977): 355-358.
    3. Baumol, W.J. and W.E. Oates The Theory of Environmental Policy N.J. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1975.
    4. Economics, Environmental Policy, and the quality of Life N.J. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1979.
    5. Beale, J. G. The Manager and the Environment New York: Pergamon Press, 1980.
    6. Burrows, P. The Economic Theory of Pollution Control Cambridge:MIT Press, 1980.
    7. Bohm, P. Deposit-Refund System Baltimore: Johns-Hopkins University Press, 1981.
    8. Ethridge, D. “The Inclusion of Waste in the Theory of the Firm”Journal of Public Economy (November 1973): 1430-1441.
    9. Goddard, H.C. Managing Solid Waste: Economics, Technology, and Institution New York: Praeger, 1975.
    10. Hjalte, K;, K. Lidgern; and I. Stahl Environmental Policy and Welfare Economics Translated by C. Wells, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1979.
    11. Miedema A.K.“Economic Comparisons of Solid Waste Policy Option” , Resource and Energy (March 1983): 21-43.
    12. Nijkamp, P. Theory and Application of Environmental Economics Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1977.
    13. OECD. The Polluter Pays Principle Paris, 1975.
    14. OECD. Economic Measurement of Environmental Damage Paris,1976.
    15. ______ Beverage Containers: Re-use or Recycling Paris, 1978.
    16. ______ Waste Paper Recovery: Economic aspects and environmental impacts Paris, 1979
    17. ______ Pollution Charge in Practice, Paris, 1980.
    18. ______ Used tyres in Solid Waste Management, Paris 1980.
    19. ______ Economic Instrument in Solid Waste Management Paris,1981 .
    20. ______ Household Waste : Seperate Collection and Recycling Paris, 1983.
    21. Page, T., Conservation and Economic Efficiency Baltimore:Johns-Hopkins University, 1977.
    22. Pearce, D.W. and I. Walter Resource Conservation: Social and Economic Dimension of Recycling New York: New York University Press, 1977.
    23. Richardson R.A. and Joseph Havlicek, Jr. “Economic Analysis of the Compositive of Household Solid Waste”Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (March 1978): 103-111.
    24. Seneca, J.J. and M.K. Taussig Environmental Economics Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1979.
    25. Siebert, H. Environmental of the Environment Lexington Mass.Lexington Books, 1981.
    26. Tolley, G.S.; J.H. Jr. ; and R. Fabian Environmental Policy:Volume IV Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1985.
    28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Resource Recovery and Source Reduction: Second Report to Congress Washington D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974.
    29. Resource Recovery and Resource Reduction: Third Report to Congress Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975.
    30. Decision-Maker Guide in SWM Criteria: cost, instrumental factor, resource conservation Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    財政學系
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002006617
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Finance] Theses

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