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    Title: 涂爾幹政治理念之分析
    Emile Durkheim`s Political Theory
    Authors: 熊海瑞
    Hsiung, Hai Jui
    Contributors: 江金太
    Chiang,Chin Tai
    熊海瑞
    Hsiung,Hai Jui
    Keywords: 國家
    民主
    次級團體
    道德
    病態
    STATE
    DEMOCRACY
    SECONDARY GROUPS
    MORAL
    PATHOLOGY
    Date: 1993
    Issue Date: 2016-04-29 16:31:40 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 　　涂爾幹（Emile Durkheim）是法國著名的社會學家，以及社會學的
    奠基者之一。他在社會學上的成就有目共睹， 不過他思想中探討政治的
    部份，長久以來都遭到忽視甚至誤解 ，使得一般人在探討政治社會學的
    時候，都不將涂爾幹視為一位有所貢獻的學者， 而將他的成就侷限在社
    會學的領域中。其實涂爾幹以他對現實的敏銳觀察， 以及基於知識份子
    必須在學術上報□國家的態度，已經針對國家的本質、民主的特性， 發
    展出一套相當有系統的理論，只不過一直沒有受到太多的注意， 成為他
    整個思想體系中的遺珠。涂爾幹政治思想的兩大要素 ，是國家與民主；
    在討論這兩個概念時，「次級團體」是一個重要的決定因素。涂爾幹認為
    ， 國家是個具有較高層智慧的思想有機體，它能指揮領導社會 ，也能讓
    社會上的個人獲得自由，達成一種道德的存在。至於民主，則是一種正常
    而理想的國家型態， 因為經由這種制度，社會能達成一種最純正型式的
    自覺； 民主政府也是現代工業社會裡，最適合集體信念與集體情感生存
    的一種政府。不過， 雖然國家是解救個人於暴政之外的一股力量， 但國
    家本身卻有變成專制獨裁的可能，要預防這種情形發生，涂爾幹認為，必
    須借助次級團體的制衡， 因為次級團體能防止國家壓迫孤立的個人， 也
    是國家社會間取得健康均衡的要件。除此之外，涂爾幹還將他在社會學研
    究中時常使用的常態、 病態的區分，應用到他對政治問題的討論上。在
    涂爾幹眼中， 符合道德標準的個人主義與權威，都是健康而正常的； 而
    自私自利的自我主義與赤裸裸的權力，則都是病態而必須去除的不正常現
    象。 至於涂爾幹親身經歷的第一次世界大戰，不僅帶給他深切的痛楚，
    也被他列為現代社會中必須去除的病態。本文將針對這幾個重點，討論涂
    爾幹有關政治社會學的理念， 從而顯現他在這方面應有的定位。
    Reference: 一、涂爾幹著作英譯本
    Emi Ie Durkheim
    Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. by John A.
    Spaulding and George Simpson. introduction by
    George Simpson, New York: Free Press, 1951.
    Education and Sociology, trans. by S. D. Fox
    , Glencoe, III ionis : The Free Press, 1956.
    Prof ess ional Ethics and Ci vic Mo rals, trans . by C.
    Brookfield, London: Routledge and Keegan Paul,
    1957.
    Socialism and Saint-Simon (subsequently entitled
    Socialism) , trans. by Charlotte Sattler; introduction
    by Alvin W. Gouldner, Yellow Spring•
    Ant i oh Press; London: Rout 1 edge and Kegan Pau 1 ,
    1958.
    Montesquieu and Rousseau, trans. by Ralph Manheim
    , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960.
    The Elementary Forms of the ReI igious Life : a
    Study in Religious Sociology, trans. by Joseph
    Ward Swain, London: Allen and Unwin; New York:
    Macmillan, 1965.
    Sociology and Philosophy, trans. by D. F. Pocock
    , London : Cohen and West, 1965 .
    Seleted Writings, ed. by Anthony Giddens,
    Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Un i vers i ty Press, 1972.
    Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application
    of the Sociology of Education, trans. By
    E. K. Wi Ison and H. Schnurer, New York: Free
    Press, 1973.
    Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. by
    Mark Traugot t, Ch i cago : Un i vers i ty of Ch i cago
    Press, 1978.
    Durkheim: Essays on Morals and Education, ed. by
    W. S. F. Pickering, trans. by H. L. Sutdiffe,
    London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.
    The Rules of Sociological Meth od, tr ans . by Sarah
    A. Solovay and John H. Mue l ler; in tr oduction by
    George E. G. Cat l in , Chicago : Univers i ty of
    Chicago Press, 1982.
    Pragmatism and Sociology, ed. by John B. trans.
    by J. C. Whitehouse, Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1983.

    The Division of Labour in Society, trans. by W.
    D. Halls, London: Macmi llan, 1984.
    Readings from Emile Durkheim, ed. by Kenneth
    Thopson, Chichester: Elles Horwood Limited,
    1985.
    Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. by
    Anthony Giddens, Stanford, California: Stanford
    University Press, 1986.
    二、研究涂爾幹的著作
    Raymond Aron
    Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 2.,
    New York: Anchor Books, 1968.
    Celestin Bougle
    " Preface to the Original Edition" In Emile
    Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, New York:
    Free Press` 1974 .
    . Lewis Coser
    Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd ed., New
    York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.
    Michael Curtis
    Three Against The Third Republic: Sorel, Barres,
    and Maurras, Princeton, N. J. : Prinston Univ.
    Press, 1959.
    Steve Fenton
    Durkheirn & Moderw Sociology, Aew York:Vniv of

    Cambridge Press, 1984.
    Anthony Giddens
    " Durkheim`s Political Sociology" Sociolo leal
    Review, 19, 4, 1971, pp. 477~519.評估涂爾幹政治社會學的重要著作。

    Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, Cambridge,
    England:Cambridge University Press, 1971.
    Emile Durkheim, London: Fontana Modern Masters,1979
    本書對涂爾幹思想的幾個主要面向有簡短但清楚的介紹與解說。
    Steven Lukes
    Emi Ie Durkheim, His Life and Work, New York:
    Penguin Books, 1981.

    本書是對涂爾幹生平與著作最有權威的一本傳記性作品，是了解涂爾幹的基本必讀著作。

    Joseph Neyer
    " Individualism and Socialism in Durkheim" In
    Essays on Sociology and Philosophy, ed. by Kurt
    Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960.
    Robert A. Nisbet
    The Sociology of Emi Ie Durkheim, New York:
    Oxford Univers ity Press, 1974 .
    Talcott Parsons
    The Structure of Social Action, Xew York:
    Mcgraw Hi 11. and The free Press 1949, chs. 8"`-`
    12.
    Parsons是促成美國社會學在二次大戰後興盛的主要理論家，本書以比較的方法對涂爾幹與其它幾位社會學家的思想做了一番探討。雖然Parsons有關涂爾幹的理論有許多值得批評的地方，但是對於尊崇涂爾幹為現代社會學兩位主要奠基者之一的努力，Parsons仍有其貢獻。
    " Emile Durkheilll" in International Encyclopedia
    of the Social Science, New York: Macmi Ilan,
    1968, vol. 4, pp 311 ~ 320.
    " The Life and Work of Emile Durkheim" . in
    Durkheim, Sociology and Phi losophy, New York:
    free Press, 1974.
    Melvin Richter
    " Durkheim`s Politics and Political Theory" . in
    Essays on Sociology and Phi losophy, ed. by Kurt
    Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960 .
    Steven Seidman
    Liberalism and the Origins of European Social
    Theory, Berkeley, Calif. : University of Calif.
    Press, 1983.
    Perry M. Stugess
    Social Theory and Political Ideology : CeIestin
    Bougle and the Durkheimian School,Ph . D. dissertion,
    City University of New York, 1978
    Edward A. Tiryaian
    " Emile Durkheim" in Torn Bott ore and Robert
    Nisbet eds. A History of Sociological Analysis,
    New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 187~236.
    本書對涂爾幹有許多推崇，可說是近代對涂爾幹政治學說重新肯定的代表性作品。
    Mark Traugott
    " Introduction" in Durkheim. on Institutional
    Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
    1978.
    Kurt H. Wollfe
    Emi Ie Durkheim : A Collection of Essays wi th
    Translations and a Bibl iography, Columbus,
    Ohio: State University Press, 1960.
    收錄多篇研究涂爾幹的論文，從生平介紹到思想探討無所不包，是重要的論文集。
    Jeffrey Prager
    "`Morals Intregation and Political Inclusion: A
    Comparison of Durkheim`s and Weber`s Theories of
    Democracy" , Social forces, 59, 4,1981 pp. 918~ 950.
    是晚近正視涂爾幹政治社會學的作品，對涂爾幹的民主理論亦有探討。
    Ernest E. Wallwork
    Durkheim: Moral ity and Mi I ieu, Cambridge J1ass.
    : Harvard Un i vers i ty Press, 1972.
    Irving Zeitlin
    Ideology and the Development of Sociological
    Theory, Englewood-CI iffs, N. J. : Prentice
    Hall, 1968.




    參考書目
    一、涂爾幹著作英譯本
    Emi Ie Durkheim
    Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. by John A.
    Spaulding and George Simpson. introduction by
    George Simpson, New York: Free Press, 1951.
    Education and Sociology, trans. by S. D. Fox
    , Glencoe, III ionis : The Free Press, 1956.
    Prof ess ional Ethics and Ci vic Mo rals, trans . by C.
    Brookfield, London: Routledge and Keegan Paul,
    1957.
    Socialism and Saint-Simon (subsequently entitled
    Socialism) , trans. by Charlotte Sattler; introduction
    by Alvin W. Gouldner, Yellow Spring•
    Ant i oh Press; London: Rout 1 edge and Kegan Pau 1 ,
    1958.
    Montesquieu and Rousseau, trans. by Ralph Manheim
    , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960.
    The Elementary Forms of the ReI igious Life : a
    Study in Religious Sociology, trans. by Joseph
    Ward Swain, London: Allen and Unwin; New York:
    Macmillan, 1965.
    Sociology and Philosophy, trans. by D. F. Pocock
    , London : Cohen and West, 1965 .
    Seleted Writings, ed. by Anthony Giddens,
    Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Un i vers i ty Press, 1972.
    Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application
    of the Sociology of Education, trans. By
    E. K. Wi Ison and H. Schnurer, New York: Free
    Press, 1973.
    Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. by
    Mark Traugot t, Ch i cago : Un i vers i ty of Ch i cago
    Press, 1978.
    Durkheim: Essays on Morals and Education, ed. by
    W. S. F. Pickering, trans. by H. L. Sutdiffe,
    London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.
    The Rules of Sociological Meth od, tr ans . by Sarah
    A. Solovay and John H. Mue l ler; in tr oduction by
    George E. G. Cat l in , Chicago : Univers i ty of
    Chicago Press, 1982.
    Pragmatism and Sociology, ed. by John B. trans.
    by J. C. Whitehouse, Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1983.

    The Division of Labour in Society, trans. by W.
    D. Halls, London: Macmi llan, 1984.
    Readings from Emile Durkheim, ed. by Kenneth
    Thopson, Chichester: Elles Horwood Limited,
    1985.
    Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. by
    Anthony Giddens, Stanford, California: Stanford
    University Press, 1986.
    二、研究涂爾幹的著作
    Raymond Aron
    Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 2.,
    New York: Anchor Books, 1968.
    Celestin Bougle
    " Preface to the Original Edition" In Emile
    Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, New York:
    Free Press` 1974 .
    . Lewis Coser
    Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd ed., New
    York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.
    Michael Curtis
    Three Against The Third Republic: Sorel, Barres,
    and Maurras, Princeton, N. J. : Prinston Univ.
    Press, 1959.
    Steve Fenton
    Durkheirn & Moderw Sociology, Aew York:Vniv of

    Cambridge Press, 1984.
    Anthony Giddens
    " Durkheim`s Political Sociology" Sociolo leal
    Review, 19, 4, 1971, pp. 477~519.評估涂爾幹政治社會學的重要著作。

    Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, Cambridge,
    England:Cambridge University Press, 1971.
    Emile Durkheim, London: Fontana Modern Masters,1979
    本書對涂爾幹思想的幾個主要面向有簡短但清楚的介紹與解說。
    Steven Lukes
    Emi Ie Durkheim, His Life and Work, New York:
    Penguin Books, 1981.

    本書是對涂爾幹生平與著作最有權威的一本傳記性作品，是了解涂爾幹的基本必讀著作。

    Joseph Neyer
    " Individualism and Socialism in Durkheim" In
    Essays on Sociology and Philosophy, ed. by Kurt
    Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960.
    Robert A. Nisbet
    The Sociology of Emi Ie Durkheim, New York:
    Oxford Univers ity Press, 1974 .
    Talcott Parsons
    The Structure of Social Action, Xew York:
    Mcgraw Hi 11. and The free Press 1949, chs. 8"`-`
    12.
    Parsons是促成美國社會學在二次大戰後興盛的主要理論家，本書以比較的方法對涂爾幹與其它幾位社會學家的思想做了一番探討。雖然Parsons有關涂爾幹的理論有許多值得批評的地方，但是對於尊崇涂爾幹為現代社會學兩位主要奠基者之一的努力，Parsons仍有其貢獻。
    " Emile Durkheilll" in International Encyclopedia
    of the Social Science, New York: Macmi Ilan,
    1968, vol. 4, pp 311 ~ 320.
    " The Life and Work of Emile Durkheim" . in
    Durkheim, Sociology and Phi losophy, New York:
    free Press, 1974.
    Melvin Richter
    " Durkheim`s Politics and Political Theory" . in
    Essays on Sociology and Phi losophy, ed. by Kurt
    Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960 .
    Steven Seidman
    Liberalism and the Origins of European Social
    Theory, Berkeley, Calif. : University of Calif.
    Press, 1983.
    Perry M. Stugess
    Social Theory and Political Ideology : CeIestin
    Bougle and the Durkheimian School,Ph . D. dissertion,
    City University of New York, 1978
    Edward A. Tiryaian
    " Emile Durkheim" in Torn Bott ore and Robert
    Nisbet eds. A History of Sociological Analysis,
    New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 187~236.
    本書對涂爾幹有許多推崇，可說是近代對涂爾幹政治學說重新肯定的代表性作品。
    Mark Traugott
    " Introduction" in Durkheim. on Institutional
    Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
    1978.
    Kurt H. Wollfe
    Emi Ie Durkheim : A Collection of Essays wi th
    Translations and a Bibl iography, Columbus,
    Ohio: State University Press, 1960.
    收錄多篇研究涂爾幹的論文，從生平介紹到思想探討無所不包，是重要的論文集。
    Jeffrey Prager
    "`Morals Intregation and Political Inclusion: A
    Comparison of Durkheim`s and Weber`s Theories of
    Democracy" , Social forces, 59, 4,1981 pp. 918~ 950.
    是晚近正視涂爾幹政治社會學的作品，對涂爾幹的民主理論亦有探討。
    Ernest E. Wallwork
    Durkheim: Moral ity and Mi I ieu, Cambridge J1ass.
    : Harvard Un i vers i ty Press, 1972.
    Irving Zeitlin
    Ideology and the Development of Sociological
    Theory, Englewood-CI iffs, N. J. : Prentice
    Hall, 1968.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歷史學系
    G765601
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004227
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of History] Theses

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