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    Title: 進口防衛措施之研究 -以汽車產業為例
    Import Safeguard Measures - Automobile Industry
    Authors: 柳權峰
    Leou, Chung-Fung
    Contributors: 蔡英文
    Tsai, Lng-Ｗen
    柳權峰
    Leou, Chung-Fung
    Keywords: 汽車業
    非關稅措施
    原產地規則
    自製率
    進口防衛措施
    共識要點
    automobile
    NTBs
    rules of origin
    local content
    import relief
    consus
    Date: 1996
    Issue Date: 2016-04-28 11:34:16 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文探討的動機在於美-日或歐-日有關汽車產品存在已久的貿易摩擦，以及鉅額的貿易赤字等問題，如何有效運用進口救濟措施來達到改善上述問題的嚴重性。一般而言，汽車產業的救濟措施通常採取關稅或配額的形式，唯關稅在歷年GATT談判回合中均朝向逐年減讓的趨勢，所以其重要性在此不予討論，主要則針對汽車的配額措施，或進口數量限制以及認定汽車身分國籍的原產地規則加以論述，以期我國在未來加入GATT之時可提供政府作為汽車產業防禦措施之參考。
    Reference: 一、中文部份
    l.經濟部國貿局，貿易政策能否使美國產業恢復活力， 1987 。
    2 . 經濟部國貿局，關稅暨貿易總協定條文，78 年8 月，2 版(中英對照)。
    3. 經濟部國貿局，烏拉圭回合多邊貿易談判協定?防衛協定(中英對照本)。
    4. 經濟部國貿局，烏拉圭回合多邊貿易談判協定?與貿易有關之投資措施協定(中英對照本)。
    5 經濟部國貿局，第五次GATT 烏拉圭回合談判研討會會議資料(上)， 83 年5 月。
    6. 日本產業結構審議會， 1992 年度不公平貿易報告書，工業簡訊。
    7. 工商時報，八十四年六月二十九日二版。
    8. 中美日韓歐等國汽車工業發展之比較，八十年度經濟部工業局專案計畫。
    9. 台灣銀行銀季刊， 44 卷， 3 期， 82 , 9 。
    10 邱政宗，美國對外貿易法制體系與體制觀察，載經建會出版經社法制論叢， 10 期， 81 年7 月。
    1 1 .經濟部貿易調查委員會，各國進口救濟制度與我國進口救濟制度之比較研究， 1995 。
    12. 何俊輝，「產業政策的工具運用分析與實例探討?以我國加入GATT 以後汽車工業發展策略之調整為例」，工業簡訊，
    第23 卷， 1993 年1 月。
    13. 玉梅君，「台灣區汽車工業調查報告續篇(四)」，台灣區工業調查報告(164) ，台北銀行經濟研究室編印，民國83 年6月。
    14. 歐嘉瑞，「從市場供需面研析我國加入關稅暨貿易總協定後汽車業之相關因應措施」，台灣銀行季刊，第44 卷第3 期，民國82 年9 月。
    15. 經濟部工業局83 年度專案計畫執行成果報告，「關稅暨貿易總協定之相關規範對我國汽車工業之影響及今後因應措施之研究計畫」，第5 章，氏囡83 年6 月。
    16. 黃紫華，日本汽車產業發展方向，臺彎經濟研究院，83 年3月。
    17. 進口救濟論叢，第7 期， 84 年12 月。
    18. 經濟部工業局82 年度專案計畫執行成果報告，「歐體原產地及自製率規定對我國電子工業之影響」，82 年6 月。
    二、西文部份
    (一)期刊
    1. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmain , " Grey Area Trade Policy and the Rule of Law " ,Journal of World Trade, Vo1.22 no.2 April 1988.
    2. Preusse, Henz Gert, " Voluntary Export Restraints-An
    Effective Means Against a Spread of Neo-Proctionism ?"
    Journal of World Trade, Vo1.25 No.2, April 1991.
    3. Robert E. Scott, " The Effects of Protection on a Domestic Oligopoly: The Case of the U.S. Auto Market" , Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol.16, No.3, 1994.
    4. Cullison, A.E., "Japan Won,t Renew US Car Export Ceiling." Journal of Commerce ,31, Jan. 1985.
    5. Holusha, John. "Rise in Car Exports Confirmed by Japan ", The New York Times, Mar. 29,1985.
    6. Stokes, Bruce. "Protection for a Price ", National Journal, Apr. 4,1992.
    7. Stephen R. Twigge, "International Investment and Production Collaboration Amongst Subcontractors: The Case of the UK Car Industry" ,World Competition, Vol.4, No.3, 1992.
    8. Aaditya Mattoo and Petros C. Mavroidis , " The EC-Japan
    Consensus on Cars: Interaction Between Trade and Competition
    Policy" ,The World Economy, Vol.l8, May, 1995.
    9. Ira Nikelsberg, "The Ability to Use Israel,s Preferential Trade Status With the United States and the European Community to Overcome Potential Trade Barriers" , Geo. Wash. J. Int,1. & Econ ,Vo1.24, 1990.
    10.Alejandro Ogarrio & Leonel P. Castro, "Mexico-United States Relations: Economic Integration and Foreign Investment", Hous. J. Int,l L. ,Vol.12, 1990.
    11. Roundtable discussion " The North American Free Trade
    Agreement: In Whose Best Interest ?" , NW. J. Int,l &
    Bus. ,Vol.12.
    12.Cheryl Schechter & David Brill, " Maquiladoras: Will the
    Program Continue?" ,ST. MARY,s L.J. ,Vo1.23, 1992.
    13. Fre deric P. Cantin and Andreas F. Lowenfe Id , " Rules of Origin , The Canda- U.S. FT A and The Honda Case " , The
    American Society of International Law, Vo1.87, No.3 July.1993.
    14. Max Gates, "Free Trade Talks in Mexico to Work Out Vehicle Pact" ,Automotive News, July 27, 1992.
    15. Lindsay Chappell, " Japanese transplants decry increase in content levels; Costly Changes in Tooling Needed", Automotive News, Aug. 17, 1992.
    16. " NAFT A Negotiations Struggle With Rules of Origin for
    Autos" ,Int,l Trade Rep. , Apr. 29 , 1992 (BNA).
    17. "Canada May Accept U.S. Auto Proposal In N AFT A for 60
    percent Content Rule", Int, I Trade Daily, June 10, 1992, (BNA).
    18. "Japan Seeks Assurance That NAFTA Will Not Affect GATT
    Obligations" ,lnt, I Trade Re!2. , Aug. 19, 1992 (BNA).
    19. " Trade in Auto Parts, Rules of Origin Likely to be Major Issues in NAFTA Talks" , Int,l Trade Rep. , July. 10, 1991 (BNA).
    20 .Keith Bradsher, "North American Trade Talks Focus on Car
    Paris" ,N.Y. Times, Aug. 8, 1992.
    21.Lindsay Chappell, GM Suzuki get break on trade content,
    Automotive News, Sept. 28,1992.
    22.Stephen O. Spinks . Brussels, "EC Rules of Origin: Neutral or Projectionist? in 1992" , The External Impact of European Unification, Part 2 , Vol.3, No.5, May 31, 1991.
    23. Maxwell, " Formulating Rules of Origin for Imported
    Merchandise:Transforming the Substantial Transformation
    Test" ,Geo. Wash. J. Int,l & Econ. , Vo1.23, 1990.
    24. "Commission Action on Rules of Origin Will Affect U.S.Assembled Photocopiers" , lnt,l Trade Rep.(BNA) No.6 ,Feb . 8, 1989.
    25 . "Origin of Photocopiers defined" ,Common Mkt. Rep. (CCH) Vo1.625, Feb. 23,1989.
    26 . "Revised Rules of Origin for Photocopiers Said to be Aimed at Richo,s U.S. Assembly", Int,l Trade Rep. (BNA) No.29, July, 19, 1989.
    27. "Senate Task Force Urges Greater Monitoring, Coordination of 1992 Plans by U.S. Government 11 ,lnt,l Trade Rep. (BNA), No.44 , Nov. 8 , 1989.
    28.Brussels And Paris, " When Made-in-Europe isn,t" , The
    Economist, Oct. 8 ,1988.
    29.Edwin A. Vermulst, " 1992: Rules of Origin as Commercial
    Policy Instruments-Revisited" , Journal of World Trade, 26
    J. W.T. 6, Dec.
    30.Holmer & Bello, "Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 : The Reagan Record" , N.C.J. lnt,l L. & Corn. Reg., Vol.13 ,1988.
    31.Lussenburg, " New EEC Safeguard Measures : Regulation
    288/82" , 16 Case W. Res. J. Int,l L., 1984.
    32.Behney, " Escape Clause Relief in the EEC and the United
    States: Different Approaches to the Dilemma of Adjustment to a New World Trading Environment", N.C.J. Int,l L. & Corn. Reg., Vol.lS, 1990.
    (二)書籍
    1. John H. Jackson , the World Trading System, Cambridge, MA. MITPress, 1992 。
    2. J. Jackson, World Trade and The Law of GATT, § 23.3 0
    3. J. Michael Finger & Audrezej Olechowki , the Uruguay Round, A Handbook on the Multilateral Trade Negotiations, The World Bank, 1987 。
    4. Feenstra, Robert C. "Voluntary Export Restraint in U.S.
    Autos, 1980-1981 : Quality, Employment and Welfare Effects",
    in The Structure and Evolution of Recent U.S. Trade Policy,
    1984.
    5. Robert E. Scott, SHORT-SIGHTED SOLUTIONS: Trade and
    Energy Policies for the U.S. Auto Industry, Garland Pub, Inc. NEW YORK & LONDON, 1994 。
    6. Crandall, Robert W., "The Cost of Protectionism." , Import Quotas and the Automobile Industry, The Brookings Review (Summer) , 1984 。
    7. E.L.M. Volker, Protectionism And The European Community,
    " Import Relief Measures Taken by The European Economic
    Community and the Member States" ,and The Legal Remedies
    Available to Private, ch.3 ,1987
    8. Robert B. Cohen, Trade Policy In 1980 , William, ch.16, "The prospects for Trade and Protectionism in the Auto Industry" ,1984
    9. Bhagwati, Jagdish , " Trade, Growth and the Balance of
    Payment: Essays in Honor of Gottfried HaberleI`." , On the
    equivalence of tariffs and quotas, In Robert E. Baldwin et al. (eds.), , 1965, Chicago: Rand McNally
    10.Emerson, M., Aujean , M., Catinet., M., Goybet, P. and
    Jacquemin, A. The Economics of 1992 , Oxford University Press., 1988
    11. Shibata, H . The Impact of Voluntary Export Restraints on the Exporter`s Economy, " A Theory and the Case of Japanese Automobile Industry" , 1991
    12. Nicholas A Zaimis, 1992: European Practice Library, EC Rules of Origin, Chancery Law Publishing
    13.Jetro, 1993 Report on Unfair Trade Policies by Major Trading Partners, 1993
    14. David Senko, Import Practice, Customs and International Trade Law,2ded.1991
    15. Spair, A. , "Does 1992 Come Before or After 1990 ?" in R. Jones and A . Krueger (eds.) , The Political Economy of Trade Policy, London: Basil Blackwell, 1990 0
    (三)官方出版品
    1. Nogues , J .J.A. Olechosky and L.A. Winters, the Extent of Non-tariff Barriers to imports of Industrial countries, World Bank Staff Working, 1986 0
    2. GATT, Gray Area Measures, MTN. GNG/NG9/W6.
    3. WTO,WT/DS61l,1995,5,22 。
    4. WTO, FOCUS No.3 。
    5. U.S. Int`1 Trade Comm`n, Pub. No.1110, Certain Motor Vehicles and Certain Chassis and Bodies Therefor: Report to the President on Inv. No. TA-20-44, 1980.
    6. U.S. Int`1 Trade Comm`n, Pub. No.1203, "Automotive Trade
    Statistics 1964-80" ,U.S. Factory Sales, Retail Sales, Imports, Exports, Apparent Consumption. Suggested Retail Prices, and U.S. Bilateral Trade Balances With Eight Major Producing Countries 8 , 1981.
    7. U.S. Int`l Trade Comm`n, Pub. No.1648, "A Review of Recent Developments in the U.S. Automobile Industry Including an Assessment of the Japanese Voluntary Restraint Agreements" , Washington, Feb. 1985.
    8. USITC, Pub. Report No.2063 Washington , D.C. : U.S.
    International Trade Commission , " The U.S. automobile
    Industry: Monthly Report on Selected Economic Indicators" .
    9. U.S Int`1 Trade Comm., Pub. No.2204, "The Effects of Greater Economic Integration Within the European Community on the United States" ,Ch.11 .
    10.U.S. Int`1 Trade Comm`n, Pub. No. 746, "Wrapper Tobacco
    report to The President on Inv. No. TA-201-3" ,1976.
    11.O.J.1975 ,L29/26 。
    12. O.J.1977 ,L242/5 。
    13. O.J.1982 , L35/l 。
    14. O.J.1982, C243/17 。
    15. O.J.1986 ,C213/1。
    16. O.J.1986, C91/3 。
    17. O.J.1986 ,C161/3。
    18. O.J. 1968 ,L148/1 。
    19. O.J.1987 , L256 。
    20. Trade Policy Review of EEC, 1993。
    21.ECR, Case 41/76, Donckerwolcke v. Procureur de la
    Republique, 1976(para. 29) 。
    22.Barker & Mckenzie , Single European Market Reporter, Jan.92 。
    23.Trade Act of 1974, Pub. L. No. 93-618,88 Stat. 1978 (codified at 19 U.S.C. 2101-2487,1982) 。
    24.H.R. Rep. No. 571, 93d Cong., 1st Sess. 45,1973 。
    25.Council Regulation (EEC) No.288/82 on common rules for
    imports, Feb. 5, 1982,25 O.J. Eur. Comm. No.L35 , 1982 。
    26.Revenue Canada, Customs and Excise No.4568-6-5/Honda
    (engine) Feb. 27,1992 。
    27.U.S. Customs Service, Memorandum HQ 000160 , Feb. 27,1992．
    28. U.S. Customs Service, Memorandum HQ 089427 , Dec. 9,1991．
    29. United States-Canada free Trade Agreement Implementation Act of 1988, Pub. L. No.100-449, § 202(c)(3),102 Stat. 1851,1988 。
    30.EC Regulation No.3285/94。
    31. Staff of Subcomm. on Trade of the House Comm. On `Nays and Means, 96th Cong., 2D Sess., Auto Situation: 1980。
    32.U.S. Dep`t Of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Highlights of U.S. Exports and Imports, Dec. 1980。
    33.United Shoe Workers v. Bedell, 506 F.2d, (D.C. Cir. 1974) 。
    34.Federal Reserve Bulletin, July. 1980。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營與貿易學系
    83351008
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002755
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of International Business] Theses

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