Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/81238
|
| Title: | 中國大陸運用經濟手段應對菲、越南海爭端
China’s Employing Economic Instruments in Dealing with the South China Sea Disputes to the Philippines and Vietnam |
| Authors: | 鄭藝銘
Cheng, I Ming |
| Contributors: | 李瓊莉
Lee, Chyung Ly
鄭藝銘
Cheng, I Ming |
| Keywords: | 南海
魅力攻勢
非對稱互賴
經濟脅迫
經濟誘因
中國大陸
菲律賓
越南
South China Sea
charm offensive
asymmetrical interdependence
economic coercion
economic attraction
China
The Philippines
Vietnam |
| Date: | 2015 |
| Issue Date: | 2016-02-03 12:23:37 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究旨在探討中國大陸如何運用經濟工具與菲律賓、越南應處南海爭端。參照Keohane及Nye非對稱互賴理論（asymmetrical interdependence）提出之敏感性（sensitivity）、脆弱性（vulnerability）概念，本研究分析中國大陸自1997年採取「魅力攻勢（Charm Offensive）」策略，為其創造可供運用經濟誘因（economic attraction）及經濟脅迫（economic coercion）之戰略空間，期能使菲、越等經濟實力相對弱勢國家，在領土爭端方面知所退讓。然而，從經濟誘因之敏感性以觀，研究發現菲、越兩國例證，均無以支持經濟誘因能說服相對弱勢國家減緩聲索之論述。針此，研究者提出「信任（trust）」或可作為補強Keohane及Nye分析框架要項之一；意即中國大陸與其經濟夥伴之間若政治信任不足，則中國大陸欲藉提供經濟誘因，促其經濟夥伴在領土爭端有所退讓，勢必存在相當難度。另從經濟脅迫之脆弱性以觀，研究發現菲、越兩國例證顯示，有別於運用實質性手段（substantive measures）施壓造成之短期損失，採取象徵性手段（symbolic measures）所映射之高度風險與不確定性，對於威懾經濟實力相對弱勢國家，可能更具效力。
This study explores how China has employed economic instruments in handling South China Sea disputes with the Philippines and Vietnam. Borrowing Keohane and Nye’s notations of sensitivity and vulnerability in asymmetrical interdependence, this study analyzes how China’s charm offensive strategy developed since 1997 has created tactical spaces for China to utilize economic attractions and economic coercions in making her weaker economic partners to concede in territorial disputes. In terms of sensitivity to economic attractions, nevertheless, findings in both cases fail to support the argument that economic incentives would persuade the weaker parties to refrain their claims. I argue that one of the missing elements in Keohane and Nye’s analytical framework is “trust”. Without sufficient political “trust” between China and her economic partners, economic attractions to induce concessions could hardly work. In terms of vulnerability to economic coercions, findings in both cases suggest that compared to the substantive measures stressing the short-term loss, the symbolic measures projecting to high degree of risks and uncertainties might be more effective to deter the weaker parties. |
| Reference: | Books
Baldwin, D. A. (1985). Economic Statecraft. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Cáceres, S. B. (2014). China’s Strategic Interests in the South China Sea: Power and Resources. New York: Routledge.
Chang, J. (2013). Zhong guo zhou bian an quan xing shi ping gu (2013) [China’s Regional Security Environment Review in 2013] (pp. 48–61). Beijing: Social Science Academic Press.
Cooper, R. N. (1968). The Economics of Interdependence: Economic Policy in the Atlantic Community. Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by McGraw-Hill.
Crescenzi, M. J. C. (2005). Economic Interdependence and Conflict in World Politics (p. 4). UK: Lexington.
Cui, X. (2013). Annual Report of ASEAN’s Development (p. 268). China: Social Sciences Academic Press.
Gu, Y. Y. (Ed.). (2012). Zhongguo Zai GMS Guojia Zhijie Touzi De Shizheng Yanjiu [Empirical research on China’s FDI in GMS countries]. (p. 75). Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press.
Hirschman, A. O. (1980). National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade (pp. 176–178). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hong, N. (2012). The Philippines’ South China Sea Policy and Stance. In F. Liu & S. Wu (Eds.) The Evaluation Report to the South China Sea in 2011 (p. 87). Taipei: IIR NCCU.
Knorr, K. (1977). International Economic Leverage and Its Uses. In K. Knorr & F. N. Trager (Eds.), Economic Issues and National Security (p. 99-126). Lawrence, KA: Regents Press of Kansas.
Liu, F. K. and Wu, S. C. (Eds.). (2011). 2010 nian nan hai di qu xing shi ping gu bao gao [Evaluation Report to the South China Sea in 2011]. Taipei: IIR NCCU.
Liu, F. K. and Wu, S. C. (Eds.). (2012). 2011 nian nan hai di qu xing shi ping gu bao gao [Evaluation Report to the South China Sea in 2011]. Taipei: IIR NCCU.
Ni, S. X. (2010). Dang dai guo ji guan xi li lun [International relations theory]. Taipei: Wunan.
Rubin, J. Z. & Brown, B. R. (1975). The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation. NY: Academic Press.
Storey, I. (2011). The Philippines and China: Mischief in the reefs. Southeast Asia and the Rise of China: The Search for Security (pp. 266-267). London: Routledge.
Cai, D. J. (2014). Dang dai zhong guo wai jiao zheng ce [China’s New Diplomacy: Interpreting its Connotation and Tendency]. Taipei: Wunan.
Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics (pp. 143–146). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Yan, T. L. & Zheng, Z. M. (2012). 2010 nian nan hai di qu xing shi ping gu [Evaluation of South China Sea in 2012]. In F. Liu & S. Wu (Eds.), 2011 nian nan hai di qu xing shi ping gu bao gao [Evaluation Report to the South China Sea in 2011] (pp. 11-22). Taipei: IIR NCCU.
Yang, A. H. (2012). Yue nan zai nan hai de wai jiao zhan lüe yu zuo wei [Vietnam’s diplomatic strategy and behaviours in the South China Sea]. In F. K. Liu & S. C. Wu (Eds.), 2011 nian nan hai di qu xing shi ping gu bao gao [Evaluation Report to the South China Sea in 2011] (pp. 63-78). Taipei: IIR NCCU.
Yang, A. H. (2014). Yue nan de nan hai zhan lue bu ju yu cao zuo [Vietnam’s strategic layout and operation in the South China Sea]. In F. K. Liu & S. C. Wu (Eds.), 2012 nian nan hai di qu xing shi ping gu bao gao [Evaluation Report to the South China Sea in 2012] (pp. 65-77). Taipei: IIR NCCU.
Yang, A. H. (2014). China-Vietnam Relational Asymmetries: A Fungibility Problem. In Power in a Changing World Economy: Lessons from East Asia (pp. 125–143). New York: Routledge.
Periodicals
An, Y. (2011). Lun nanhai zhengyi quyu youqi ziyuan gongtong kaifa de moshi xuanze [On the Mode of Jointly Developing Oil and Gas in South China Sea]. Dangdai Yatai [Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific], 6, 124–140.
Barbieri, K. (1996). Economic Interdependence: A Path to Peace or Source of International Conflict? Journal of Peace Research, 33(1), 29–49.
Chen, I. T. Y. & Yang, A. H. (2013). A Harmonized Southeast Asia? Explanatory Typologies of ASEAN Countries’ Strategies to the Rise of China. Pacific Review, 26(3), 265–288.
Chen, H. Y. (2009). Analysis on the Specialty of Trade between China and ASEAN. Chinese Communist Party Studies, 43(7), 127–129.
Davidson, J. A., McElwee, G., & Hannan, G. (2004). Trust and Power as Determinants of Conflict Resolution Strategy and Outcome Satisfaction. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 10(3), pp. 275-292.
Duartea, M. & Davies, G. (2004, March). Trust as a Mediator of Channel Power. Journal of Marketing Channels, 11(2–3).
Fravel, M. T. (2011). China’s Strategy in the South China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 33(3), 302.
Gartzke, E., Li, Q., & Boehmer, C. (2001, Spring). Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict. International Organization, 55(2), 395–396.
Gasiorowski, M. J. & Solomon, W. P. (1982). Conflict and Interdependence: East-West Trade and Linkages in the Era of Détente. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 709–729.
Gasiorowski, M. J. (1986, March). Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: Some Crossnational Evidence. International Studies Quarterly, 30(1), 23–38.
Glaser, B. S. (2014). Is China’s Charm Offensive Dead? The Jamestown Foundation, China Brief, 14(15). Retrieved from http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=42691&no_cache=1
Guo, Y. R. (2015). US, Japan and China in the Great Power and Cross-Strait Relations. Studies on Chinese Communism, 4(49), 81.
Hung, M. D. & Yu, Z. W. (2009). Zhong guo dong nan ya wai jiao zhi yan jiu cong ruan quan li de jiao du fen xi [Analysis of Chinese Southeast Asia Policy from the Perspective of Soft Power]. Prospect and Exploration, 7(12), 49–70.
Hsu, Z. J. (2007). Zhong guo xin mu lin wai jiao zheng ce zhan lüe yi han yu zuo wei [China`s New Good Neighbor Foreign Policy: Strategy and Behavior]. Prospect Journal, 8(3), 43–90.
Ikenberry, G. J. (2008). The Rise of China and the Future of the West: Can the Liberal System Survive? Foreign Affairs, 87(1), 23–37.
Kristof, N. D. (1993, November/December). The Rise of China. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/1993-12-01/rise-china
Li, M. J. (2010). Reconciling Assertiveness and Cooperation? China’s Changing Approach to the South China Sea Dispute. Security Challenges, 5(2), 49–68.
Li, Y. & Zhang, J. (2012). Zhong guo dui yue nan zhi jie tou zi fen xi: ji yu yao su bing fu hu bu de fa zhan zhong guo jia FDI li lun [Analysis on China’s FDI in Vietnam: based on complementary factor endowments applied in developing countries]. Inquiry into Economic Issues, 12, 22-28.
Minh, P. Q. (2011). The East Asia Security Environment in the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century and the Adjustments in Vietnamese Foreign Policy. Asia-Pacific Review, 18(1), 98–108.
Morrow, James D. (1999). How Could Trade Affect Conflict? Journal of Peace Research 36 (4):481–89.
Ravindran, M. S. (2012). China’s Potential for Economic Coercion in the South China Sea Disputes: A Comparative Study of the Philippines and Vietnam. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 31(3), 112–113.
Salameh, M. G. (1995). China, Oil, and the Risk of Regional Conflict. Survival, 37(4), 133–146. doi: 10.1080/00396339508442820
Shambaugh, D. (2011). Coping with a Conflicted China. Washington Quarterly, 34(1), 7–27. Retrieved from http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~lorenzo/Shambaugh.pdf. doi: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.537974
Shao, Y. & Fu, Y. (2005). On the rise of ASEAN and the re-construction of Sino-ASEAN relationship. Around Southeast Asia, 9.
Storey, I. (2010, April 29). China’s “Charm Offensive” Loses Momentum in Southeast Asia. Jamestown Foundation.
Wang, B. (2006). Zhong guo neng yuan an quan wen ti tao lun zong shu [China’s Energy Security Issue Summary]. Economic Theory and Business Management. 6. 75-79. Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Nogn-6gOCj0J:xsqks.ruc.edu.cn/Jweb_jjll/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do%3FattachType%3DPDF%26id%3D9201+&cd=2&hl=zh-TW&ct=clnk&gl=tw
Wang, W. B. & Deng, Y. Z. (2006). he zuo jing zheng yu hu li mu lin—shi lun xin shi qi zhong guo yu dong meng guan xi [Analysis on the relationship between China and ASEAN in the new era]. Forum of World Economy and Politics.
Xu, L. D. (2005). 21 shi ji di yuan zheng zhi zhong de nan sha qun dao [Spratlys in the 21st geopolitics]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 13(45). 39-41. Retrieved from http://wenku.baidu.com/view/eb4251918bd63186bcebbcd9.html
Yang, A. H. (2014, February). The Politics of Exposition: A New Governance Modality of China’s Good Neighbor Policy? Journal of Democracy and Governance, 1(1), 143–167.
Yen, Z. D., Kao, Z. Y., Lu, G. L., Cheng, H. M., Chai, M. F., & Lien, W. Z. (2003). Zhong guo jia ru dui dong ya zhu yao guo jia mao yi zhi ying xiang [The Influence on China’s Joining in WTO Related to Trade with Major Southeast Asian Countries]. Central Bank Quarterly, 25(2), 5-36. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.gov.tw/public/Attachment/832013245271.pdf
Zhan, S. L. (1993). Ya tai di qu xing shi han zhong guo mu lin you hao zheng ce [Regional situation of Asia-Pacific and China’s good neighbor policy]. International Studies, 4.
Zhang, X. Z. (1999). Zhong guo tong dong meng de mu lin hu xin huo ban guan xi [The relationship between China and ASEAN: Good neighbors and mutual trust partnership]. Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies, 2, 26-29.
Zhao, H. (2013, January). South China Sea Dispute and China-ASEAN Relations. Studies on Chinese Communist Parties, 47(1), 67.
Zhao, H. (2013, July). Sino-Philippine Relations: Moving Beyond South China Sea Dispute? Review of Global Politics, 43, 23–40.
Zhao, S. (1999, September). China’s Periphery Policy and its Asian Neighbors. Security Dialogue, 30 (3).
Research reports
Bower, E. Z. (2012, July 20). China Reveals Its Hand on ASEAN in Phnom Penh. CSIS. Retrieved from http://csis.org/publication/china-reveals-its-hand-asean-phnom-penh
Glaser, B. S. (2011). Tensions Flare in the South China Sea. Center Strategic International Studies. Retrieved from http://csis.org/publication/tensions-flare-south-china-sea
Ha, T. H. V. & Do, T. S. (2008). Vietnam-China Trade, FDI, and ODA Relations (1998-2008) and the Impacts upon Vietnam. Retrieved from http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Brc/pdf/01_vietnamandchina.pdf
Kurlantzick, J. (2006, September). China’s Charm Offensive in Southeast Asia. Current History. Retrieved from http://carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_southeastasia_china.pdf
Li, M. J. (2008, February). Security in the South China Sea: China’s Balancing Act and New Regional Dynamics (RSIS Working Paper No. 149). Singapore : S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University. (2008)
Li, L. Nanhai: jiakuai kaifa caineng huajie zhengyi [South China Sea: Further Development Can Solve Disputes]. Retrieved from http://sdfa.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorB/WebPublication/paperDigest.aspx?paperID=SDFA201104010&isCnki=ck01
Morada, N.M. (2009). The Rise of China and Regional Perspectives: A Philippine Respective. The National Institute of Defense Studies. Retrieved from http://www.nids.go.jp/english/publication/joint_research/series4/pdf/4-4.pdf
R. L. (2005). The Economic Benefits to ASEAN of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). Retrieved from the official ASEAN website: http://www.aseansec.org/17310.htm
Snelder, J. (2014). Mearsheimer`s big question: Can China rise peacefully? Lowy Interpreter. Retrieved from http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/04/15/Mearsheimer-Can-China-rise-peacefully.aspx
Swaine, M. D. & Fravel, M. T. (2011). China’s Assertive Behavior—Part Two: The Maritime Periphery. Retrieved from http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Swaine_Fravel_CLM_35_0624111.pdf
Thayer, C. A. (2011). China’s New Wave of Aggressive. CSIS. Retrieved from http://csis.org/files/publication/110629_Thayer_South_China_Sea.pdf
Thayer, C. A. (2011). The Tyranny of Geography: Vietnamese Strategies to Constrain China in the South China Sea. Paper to International Studies Association 52nd Annual Convention. Retrieved from http://www.viet-studies.info/kinhte/Vietnam_Strategies_China_Thayer.pdf
Wang, K. Y. (2013, October). Cong hai yang zhan lüe kan yue nan de nan hai zheng ce (san) [Vietnamese Policy On the South China Sea: From the Viewpoint of Marine Strategy]. The Rising Vietnam. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the National Taiwan Normal University. Retrieved from http://blog.udn.com/wang88899/8879884
Weston, J., Campbell, C., & Koleski, K. (2011). China’s Foreign Assistance in Review: Implications for the United States. US-China Economic and Security Review. Retrieved from researchpapers/2011/9_1_%202011_ChinasForeign Assistancein review.pdf
Yuan, J. D. (2006). China-ASEAN Relations: Perspectives, Prospects and Implications for U.S. Interests. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Carlisle Barracks, PA.
Zhao, H. (2013, March). China-Philippines Relations Stunted by the South China Sea Dispute. ISEAS. Retrieved from http://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2013_17.pdf
Thesis
Awad, E. (2013). Economic Interdependence, Trade, and War: A Theoretical and Empirical analysis (Master’s thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam). Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Final-Version-29th-of-October-2013.pdf
News articles
(1997, September 12). Gao deng xiao ping li lun wei da qi zhi ba jian she you zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi shi ye quan mian tui xiang er shi yi shi ji [Waving the Flag of Deng Xiaoping’s Theory Moving Socialism with China’s Characteristic Forward the 21st Century]. People’s Daily. Retrieved from http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64168/64568/65445/4526285.html
(2001, September 12). China Launches Two-Way Investment Strategy. People’s Daily. Retrieved from http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200109/12/eng20010912_80006.html
(2002, November 18). Full Text of Jiang Zemin’s Report at the 16th Party Congress. People’s Daily. Retrieved from http://english.people.com.cn/200211/18/eng20021118_106984.shtml
(2005, April 28) Joint Statement of the People`s Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved from ph.chineseembassy.org/eng/zfgx/zzgx/t199778.htm
(2005, November 21). Zhong guo guo tu zi yuan an quan zhuang kuang fen xi bao gao [Analysis Report of Chinese Land and Resources security]. Zhong guo guo tu zi yuan bao.
(2007, January 16). Chinese Premier Ends Philippine Visit, After Signing Billions of Dollars in Projects. Voice of America News Com. Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/tibetan/ archive/2007-01/2007-01-16-voa2.cfm
(2010, February 8). China, Vietnam to set up new trade zone. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-02/08/content_9444539.htm
(2010, April 8). Vietnam put Paracel row on summit agenda. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8609120.stm
(2007, September 18). Wen jia bao chu xi dong meng shang ye yu tou zi feng hui bing fa biao yan jiang [Premier Wen Jiabao attended the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit and delivered a speech ]. CRI Online. Retrieved from http://big5.cri.cn/gate/big5/gb.cri.cn/14404/2007/09/18/2185@1770457.htm
(2010, April 7). Deng xiao ping tong zhi de tao guang yang hui si xiang shi quan yi zhi ji ma [Is Deng Xiaoping’s strategy of “keeping low profile” expedient?] Beijing Daily. Retrieved from http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/1026/11309540.html
(2010, April 19). China seizes Vietnamese fishing boat. Deutsche Presse-Agentur.
(2010, May 4). China releases Vietnamese fishermen but keeps boat. Deutsche Presse-Agentur.
(2010). Hội nghị lần thứ tư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng [10th Party Central Committee’s fourth meeting]. Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper. Retrieved from http://dangcongsan.vn/tu-lieu-van-kien/tu-lieu-ve-dang/hoi-nghi-trung-uong/khoa-x/doc-5926201511115346.html
(2011, August 16). Philippines, China to sign 5-year trade development program Deal to push through despite political issues. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from https://sg.news.yahoo.com/philippines-china-sign-5-trade-development-program-deal-053004589.html
(2012, November 18). Full text of Hu Jintao’s report at the 18th Party Congress. Xinhua News. Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/bilingual/2012-11/18/c_131982275_9.htm
(2014, May 20). Wu suicun: nan hai wen ti bu shi zhong guo yu dong meng jian de wen ti [Wu suicun: South China Sea issues is not the issue between People’s Republic of China and the ASEAN]. Huaxia. Retrieved from http://big5.huaxia.com/xw/dlxw/2014/05/3893827.html
(2014, September 16). Zhang gao li: ”qin cheng hui rong” chuang hai shang si chou zhi lu xin hui huang [Zhang Gaoli: “amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness” Maritime Silk Road Creates New Glories]. Wenweipo. Retrieve from http://news.wenweipo.com/2014/09/16/IN1409160094.htm
(2014, October 28). India to accept additional oil blocks in South China Sea. The Economic Times. Retrieved from http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-10-28/news/55521402_1_south-china-sea-oil-exploration-vietnamese-prime-minister
(2014, October 29). Manila must balance trade with sovereignty. The Manila Times. Retrieved from http://www.manilatimes.net/manila-must-balance-trade-sovereignty/137878/
Liu, C. G. (2012, November 12). Shi ba da bao gao shou ti “hai yang qiang guo” ju you zhong yao xian shi han zhan lüe yi yi [The First-Ever Reference to ‘Maritime Power’ in the Political Report to the 18th Party Congress Has Important Practical and Strategic Significance]. China Oceanology Review. Retrieved from http://big5.china.com.cn/haiyang/2012-11/14/content_27206571.htm
Rong, X., Huo Y., & Huang F. (2010, February 8). China, Vietnam to set up new trade zone. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-02/08/content_9444539.htm
Shi, H. T. (2014, June 15). Zhong guo de “ma liu jia kun ju” [China’s Malacca Dilemma]. China Youth Daily. Retrieved from http://www1.china.com.cn/chinese/junshi/586759.htm
The Hanoist. (2010, July 30). Vietnam Hedges Its China Risk. Asia Times. Retrieved from http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southease_Asia/LG30Ae01.html
Zhang, X. G. (2005, April 14). Nan hai gong tong kai fa da bu zou [Joint Development in the South China Sea]. Xinhuanet. Retrieved from http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-04/14/content_2829754.htm
Online information
Bases Conversion and Development Authority [BCDA] (2013, September 25). PHL, China ink MOU to improve Investment Promotion Cooperation. Republic of the Philippines Office of the President. Retrieved from http://www.bcda.gov.ph/news_articles/show/347#
Decision No. 2190/QD-TTg of December 24, 2009, approving the master plan on development of Vietnam’s seaport system through 2020, with orientations toward 2030. (2009, December). Vietnam Ministry of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10735
Deng shiau ping tung jr de “tau guang yang huei” sz shiang shr chiuan yi jr ji ma? [Is Deng Xiaoping’s strategy of “keeping low profile” expedient?] Chinese Communist News. Retrieved from dangshi.people.com.cn
Dong meng ge guo tou zi huan jing han tou zi zheng ce jie shao zhi qi [Introduction of ASEAN Countries’ Investing Environment and Policies: No. 7]. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:p9u1R6GBsiQJ:images.mofcom.gov.cn/hzc.guangxi/201401/20140126153430053.doc+&cd=3&hl=zh-TW&ct=clnk&gl=tw
Dui wai tou zi he zuo guo bie zhi nan (2014) [Guideline of Investment and Cooperation with Foreign Countries in 2014]. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/gbzn/upload/feilvbin.pdf
Enhancing China-ASEAN Economic Integration: Cross-Border Economic Cooperation Zones at the China-Vietnam Border (CBEZ). 2014 United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from http://www.cn.undp.org/content/china/en/home/operations/projects/south-south-cooperation/enhancing-china-asean-economic-integration--cross-border-economi.html
Fei lü bin yuan he zai nan hai ru ci “ji jin” [Why is the Philippines so “radical” in the South China Sea]. (2012, December). People’s Daily. Retrieved from http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2012-04/26/c_111843307.htm
Ha T. H. V. & Do T. S. (2008). Vietnam-China Trade, FDI and ODA Relations (1998-2008) and the Impacts upon Vietnam. Retrieved from http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Brc/pdf/01_vietnamandchina.pdf
IEA. (2009). World Energy Outlook 2009. France: International Energy Agency (IEA). Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/textbase/npsum/weo2009sum.pdf
Keck, Z. (2013, August 30). China Moves to Isolate Philippines, Japan. The Diplomat. Retrieved from |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
101926001 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101926001 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [International Program in Asia-Pacific Studies\n(IMAS/IDAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 600101.pdf | | 864Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 80 | View/Open | | 600102.pdf | | 864Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 102 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
