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| Title: | 自由貿易協定下的核心勞動基準
Core Labor Standard under Free Trade Agreement |
| Authors: | 王芊茵
Wang, Chien Yin |
| Contributors: | 施文真
Shih, Wen Chen
王芊茵
Wang, Chien Yin |
| Keywords: | 自由貿易協定
核心勞動基準
勞工與貿易
Free Trade Agreement
Core Labour Standard
Labour and Trade |
| Date: | 2015 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-12-02 16:07:44 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 勞動基準與貿易之間是否應該相連結進而推動勞動基準的落實，是一個極具爭議性的議題，過去曾在世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization，以下簡稱WTO）的談判中討論過，然而因開發中國家及已開發國家的看法不一，在雙方遲遲無法取得共識的情況下，勞工議題逐漸淡出多邊談判的舞台。近年來國際勞工組織（International Labour Organization，以下簡稱 ILO）因缺乏強制的執行力而飽受學者批評，隨著近年來各國逐漸重視自由貿易協定的簽署，是否應重新透過自由貿易協定（Free Trade Agreement，以下簡稱FTA）連結勞動基準與貿易，再度成為討論的議題。
本文觀察近年來美國及歐盟最新簽署的自由貿易協定，發現美國及歐盟似有逐漸重視FTA中勞工議題的趨勢，希望能夠藉由本文來探討是否應藉由在FTA中納入核心勞動基準並配合爭端解決機制的設立，使FTA得與ILO的監督機制相輔相成，從而強化開發中國家對於核心勞動基準的落實，係本文的核心議題。本文首先分析目前ILO對於核心勞動基準的監督機制，藉此了解目前體系有何缺失之處，進一步比較歐盟及美國 FTA中對於納入核心勞動基準作法及趨勢，並交叉分析歐盟及美國在各自FTA中的異同，以期能藉此回答本文的核心研究問題。
最後，希望能藉由本文的研究結果，提供台灣在未來對外簽署FTA或是加入大型經貿協定時處理勞工議題之借鏡。
Whether labor standard should be incorporated in trade liberazation agreements to improve the implementation of labor standards has been a controversial question for the past decades. Actually, this issue had been discussed in the World Trade Organization (hereinafter WTO) many times but couldn’t reach consensus between developed and developing countries. At the same time, International Labor Organzation (hereinafter ILO) had been criticized for its lack of enforcement power.
Recently, more and more states notice the importance of signing Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter FTA) and some of them try to incorporate core labour standards and make these standards enforceable in the FTAs. Could we enhance the enforcement of core labour standards through the dispute settlement procedures under FTAs? In order to answer this question, I would like to oberserve and analysis how U.S. and EU put core labour standards in their FTAs and how they design related dispute settlement system. In the end, this thesis will compare these FTAs with respect to their substantive provisions incorporating core labour standards as well as their dispute settlement procedures in this regards. |
| Reference: | 一、 中文專書
1. 陳清泉，國際勞工組織與非政府組織，頁8，2005年。
2. 焦興鎧，國際勞工組織重要公約及核心勞動基準之研究，國際勞動基準之建構，頁80-81，2006年。
3. 洪德欽，歐盟對外貿易與發展協定人權條款之規定與實踐，收於：洪德欽主編，歐洲聯盟人權保障，2006年。
二、 中文學位論文
1. 段奇婉，連結貿易與勞動人權之國際規範研究，國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文，民國100年7月。
2. 林秀蘭，我國勞動基準法之國際法源析探–以國際勞工組織公約為核心，東吳大學法學院法律學系法律專業碩士班，民國97年6月。
3. 姚姿瑋，國際框架協定與跨國集體協商：國際工會角色之研究，私立中國文化大學勞動學研究所碩士論文，民國97年。
三、 中文期刊
1. 李貴英，美國對開發中國家提供優惠性措施之研究，政大法學評論第六十九期，頁245-304，2002年。
2. 林佳和，全球化與國際勞動人權保障－國際法事實之觀察，台灣國際法季刊，第五卷第二期，頁7-42，2008年。
3. 吳育仁，以國際勞動基準作為國際貿易的「遊戲基礎」？：爭辯與行動，中山管理評論，頁709-753，第12卷第4期，2004年。
4. 洪德欽，歐盟新一代自由貿易協定政策之研究，歐美研究，第42卷第4期，2012年。
5. 徐揮彥，論世界貿易組織之貿易與勞動議題–以核心勞動基準為中心，台灣國際法季刊，第二卷第二期，頁209-280，2005年。
6. 徐揮彥，論貿易與發展：以全球化下之世界貿易組織為中心，台灣國際法季刊，第一卷第三期，頁67-158，2004年。
7. 趙文衡，全球化與經濟危機，台灣經濟研究月刊，第24卷第6期，頁35-38，民90年6月。
8. 焦興鎧，全球化與核心國際勞動基準之建議（上），法令月刊第54卷第9期，頁15-29，民92年。
9. 焦興鎧，規範公部門勞動關係國際勞動基準之建構，中正法學集刊，第三十六期，頁95-135，民國101年10月。
10. 焦興愷，透過多國籍公司行為準則推展核心國際勞動基準之努力，國際勞動基準之建構，頁109-151，2006年。
11. 王芊茵，從美國超黨派貿易促進授權法看我國經貿談判之事前授權，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，161期，（2014年）。
四、 英文書籍與專書論文
1. ADDO KOFI, CORE LABOUR STANDARDS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE: LESSONS FROM THE REGIONAL CONTEXT (2015).
2. BRONSTEIN ARTURO, INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LABOUR LAW: CURRENT CHALLENGES (2009)
3. Charnovitz Steve, The Labor Dimension of the Emerging Free Trade Area of the Americas, in LABOUR RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS (Philip Alston, ed., Oxford, 2005).
4. Flanagan Robert J., Labour Standard and International Competitive Advantage, in INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARD (Sarah H. Cleveland & Gary S. Fields eds, 2004)
5. Hughes Steve & Haworth Nigel, THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION: COMING IN FORM THE COLD (2010).
6. HURD IAN, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: POLITICS, LAW, PRACTICE (2010).
7. MENDES ERROL P., GLOBAL GOVERNANCE, HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (2014).
8. SERVAIS JEAN-MICHEL, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LAW (2005).
9. SWEPSTON LEE, THE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW OF ARTICLE 23 AND 24 OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: THE LABOR RIGHTS ARTICLES (2014)
五、 英文期刊論文
1. Bandtner Barbara Bandtner & Rosas Allan Rosas, Human Rights and the External Relations of the European Community: An Analysis of the Doctrine and Practice, 9 European Journal of Int’l Law 468, 489 (1998).
2. GRANGER CLOTILDE GRANGER & SIROEN JEAN- MARC SIROEN, CORE LABOR STANDARD IN TRADE AGREEMENTS FROM MULTILATERALISM TO BILATERALISM 14,
3. Hyde Alan Hyde, The International Labor Organization in the Stag Hunt for Global Labor Rights, 3 LAW & ETHICS HUM. RTS. 153, 158 (2009)
4. Pagnattaro Marisa Anne Pagnattaro, Leveling the Playing Field: Labor Provisions in CAFTA, 29 FORDHAM JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 386, 432 (2006)
5. R.V Anuradha R.V. & Dutta Nimisha Singh Dutta, Trade and Labour under the WTO and FTAs.
6. Speece Lyndsay D. Speece, Beyond Borders: CAFTA’s Role in Shaping Labor Standard in Free Trade Agreements, 37 SETON HALL L. REV. 1101, 1102-03 (2007).
7. Trebilcock Michael J. Trebilcock & Howse Robert Howse, Trade Policy and Labor Standards, 14 MINN. J. GLOBAL TRADE 261, 274-77 (2005).
六、 官方文件
1. Commission Implementing Regulation(EU) No 1213/2012, O.J. L348/12. , http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2012/december/tradoc_150166.pdf
2. Chile - Association Agreement and Additional Protocol.
3. European Commission, Andean Community, available at http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/regions/andean-community/
4. European Commission, Global Europe: Competing in the World, p.12 http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/october/tradoc_130376.pdf
5. European Commission, Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP), http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/development/generalised-scheme-of-preferences/index_en.htm
6. European Commission, Trade, Growth and World Affairs: Trade Policy as a core component of EU’s 2020 Strategy, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/november/tradoc_146955.pdf
7. European Commission, The Community 2002-2004 GSP: An Instrument of Sustainable Development, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2004/october/tradoc_119427.pdf
8. Generalized System of Preferences Renewal Act of 1984, Pub L. N. 98-573, § 501(b) 98 Stat. 3091 (1984), codified at 19 U.S.C. § 2461(b).
9. Guatemala – Issues relating to the obligations under Article 16.2.1(a) of CAFTA-DR, Initial written submission of Guatemal
10. In the Matter of Guatemala—Issues Relating to the Obligations Under Article 16.2.1(a) of the CAFTA-DR, Initial Written Submission Of The United States
11. International Labour Organization, 2014 Annual Review under the Follow-up to the ILO 1998 Declaration Compilation of Baseline Tables, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_091262.pdf.
12. International Labour Office, Marking Progress Against Child Labour vii, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---ipec/documents/publication/wcms_221513.pdf
13. Regulation 978/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 Oct. 2012, applying a scheme of generalized tariff preferences and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 732/2008, 2012 O.J. (L 303) 1,5.
14. Regulation 607/2013, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013, repealing Council (EC) No 552/97 temporarily withdrawing access to generalized tariff preferences from Myanmar/Burma, 2013 O.J. (L 181)13.
15. Office of the United States Trade Representative, Bipartisan Agreement on Trade Policy (Bipartisan Trade Deal), https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22823.pdf.
16. World Trade Organization, Pre-WTO legal text, United Nations Conferences on Trade and Employment, available at https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/havana_e.pdf.
七、 其他資料
1. Armin Paasch, Human Rights in EU Trade Policy – Between Ambition and Reality, an Ecorfair Trade Dialogue Discussion paper, http://www.misereor.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Ecofair_Trade_Dialogue_Human_Rights_in_EU_Trade_Policy_Paasch_2011.pdf ;
2. International Labour Organization, about International Labour Conference(about ILC), http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Officialmeetings/ilc/AbouttheILC/lang--en/index.htm
3. International Labour Organization, ILO declaration on fundamental principle and rights at work, http://www.ilo.org/declaration/lang--en/index.htm
4. International labour organization, about the ILO, origins and history, http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/history/lang--en/index.htm
5. International Labour Organization, Ratifications of C138 - Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138), http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312283 (last visited April. 12, 2015 ).
6. International Labour Organization, Ratifications of C100 - Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312245
7. International Labour Organization, Ratifications of C029 - Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312174International Labour Organization, Committee on freedom of association, http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/applying-and-promoting-international-labour-standards/committee-on-freedom-of-association/lang--en/index.htm
8. Jeanne J. Grimmett, Dispute Settlement in the U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), Mar 21, 2012, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41779.pdf
9. Marry Jane Bolle, Overview of Labor Enforcement Issue in Free Trade Agreements (2014), https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22823.pdf
10. United States Senate, U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 1st Session http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=1&vote=00170 (last visited June 4, 2015).
11. USTR, CAFTA-DR(Dominican Republic-Central America FTA), https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/cafta-dr-dominican-republic-central-america-fta# (last visited June 6, 2015) Office of United States Trade Representative, U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement, https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/korus-fta#
12. United States Proceeds with Labor Enforcement Case Against Guatemala﹐USTR, Sept.18, 2014, http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press releases/2014/September/United-States-Proceeds-with-Labor-Enforcement-Case-Against-Guatemala.
13. US, Guatemala Square Off as FTA Labour Dispute Advances , ICSID, Vol. 19, No.5, Feb. 12, 2015, http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/us-guatemala-square-off-as-fta-labour-dispute-advances (last visited, July 15, 2015). |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
102351043 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1023510431 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文
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