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    Title: 選舉制度對投票參與的影響: 跨國比較與台灣個案分析
    Effects of Electoral Systems on Voter Turnout: Cross-National Comparisons and Taiwan’s Experience
    Authors: 林啟耀
    Lim, Kah Yew
    Contributors: 黃紀
    Huang, Chi
    林啟耀
    Lim, Kah Yew
    Keywords: 投票參與
    選舉制度
    選制變遷
    跨國比較
    個案分析
    Date: 2015
    Issue Date: 2015-07-27 11:32:29 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 投票參與是民主政治運作的核心,投票率的高低是政府執政是否具有代表性與正當性的重要指標。選舉制度是否影響投票參與,一直深受國內外學者所關注,然而選舉制度如何對投票參與造成影響卻頗多爭論。為了探討選舉制度與選制變遷如何影響投票參與,本研究以跨國比較的方式,分析各種選舉制度對國會投票率高低的直接影響與跨時影響。同時,本研究也以台灣選制變遷為個案分析對象,探討選制變遷對投票參與之效應。在方法上,本研究在跨國比較的部分蒐集世界各民主國家歷次國會選舉的相關資料,並以「固定與隨機效果混合法」進行分析;在台灣個案分析的部分,本研究採「準實驗設計」,以鄉鎮市民代表選舉為比較組,評估選制變遷對立委選舉投票率之影響。另外也以「台灣選舉與民主化調查」TEDS2008L針對TEDS2004L成功樣本之定群追蹤資料,分析台灣同一群選民在新舊選制下投票參與的穩定與變遷。
    研究結果可以分為兩個部分:在跨國比較的部分,本研究發現選舉規則的比例代表性愈低,投票率會愈低。其中,採並立制國家的投票率顯著低於採比例代表制的國家,採多數決制的國家投票率下降的幅度則顯著大於比例代表制國家。選區規模愈大的國家,投票率則愈高。另外,本研究也發現選舉制度對不同民主資歷國家的影響也不同,對民主資歷較深國家的影響較大且較符合學理預期,對民主資歷較淺國家則影響較小。在台灣個案的部分,本研究發現立委選制變遷並沒有對總體投票率產生顯著的影響,但是對個體選民的投票穩定與變遷卻有顯著的影響。尤其是評估新選制比舊選制更讓人不想去投票的選民以及小黨支持者,都比較傾向在舊選制下有去投,但新選制下不去投。本研究認為透過上述宏觀與微觀層次的分析,不僅讓我們對選舉制度如何影響國會選舉投票率高低及變化有更深入的瞭解,也讓我們釐清選舉制度變遷如何影響個別選民的投票參與。
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    Description: 博士
    國立政治大學
    政治研究所
    99252507
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992525072
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