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    題名: 中共對人道主義干涉政策研究：以科索沃與利比亞衝突為例
    China`s Policy Toward Humanitarian Intervention: The Kosovo and Libyan Conflicts
    作者: 何溢恩
    Hudson, Ian
    貢獻者: 邱坤玄
    何溢恩
    Ian Hudson
    關鍵詞: 不干涉內政原則
    保護責任
    科索沃
    利比亞
    人道主義干涉
    中共外交
    日期: 2013
    上傳時間: 2015-01-05 11:27:10 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本文透過分析科索沃、利比亞衝突時個案的背景、特點與意義,以及中共
    對兩次人道主義干涉行動的對策,以探討中共具體舉動的意義。其次,本文欲
    將此發現解釋於中共不干涉原則和國際規範的脈絡,以了解中共對人道主義干
    涉立場的內容與走向。
    參考文獻: 壹、　中文資料
    一、專書
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    葉明德，政治學，（台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2006年）。
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    閭丘露薇，利比亞戰地日記，（北京：光明日報出版社，2011年）。
    二、期刊智庫論文
    于松明，周佳芝，「中美媒體關于利比亞戰爭報道的比較分析：以《人民日報》與《紐約時報》為例」，南京曉莊學院學報（2012），頁93-96+99。
    朱世龍、劉宣佑，「中國外交不干涉內政原則探究」，教學與研究，中國人民大學國際關係學院，頁40。
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    遲德強，「從國際法看北約對南聯盟動武」，北約與科索沃，武漢大學法學院國際法研究所，頁3。
    「聯合國首次任命中國人擔任國際維和部隊指揮官」，中新網，2007年8月28日，http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/overseas/2007-08/28/content_6614391.htm.
    三、學術論文
    林佩瑩，「911事件後中共對美戰略與安全關係之研究」， 國立政治大學東亞研究所碩士論文（2005年）。
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    四、 報章雜誌
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    「中方稱涉敘決議草案存在重大缺陷旨在單方施壓」，中國新聞網，2012年7日， http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2012-07-20/005124807611.shtml。
    「中國否決聯合國向瓜地馬拉派遣軍事觀察員決議草案」， 人民日報海外版，1997年1月13日。
    「利比亞『禁飛區』問題的利益糾結」，人民日報，2011年3月17日。
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    「中國與利比亞的關系」，人民網，2001年12月14日，http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/shizheng/252/7069/7071/20011214/627358.html.
    「中華人民共和國政府就中國駐南聯盟大使館遭北約轟炸一事發表聲明」，中央電視台午間新聞，1999年5月8日，http://news.sina.com.cn/world/9905/050852.html。
    「李肇星聯大發言主張加強聯合國作用並提五大建議」， 中國新聞網，2003年09月25日， http://www.chinanews.com/n2003-09-25/26/350504.html 。
    「社布虜魯賽爾9月8日電」，法新參考消息，2011年9月，第2版。
    「塞爾維亞全國默哀 紀念北約轟炸南斯拉夫」，光華日報，Sina全球新聞， 2009年3月25日， http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/news/int/kwongwah/20090325/014368063.html.
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    王金巖 ，「利比亞變局對中國利益的影響」，時政，2011年9月15日，頁16。
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    冷新宇，「利比亞危機，中國損失怎麼辦？」，中國經濟周刊，2011年5月23日，頁18。
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    周琪，「中美人權之爭20年」，華夏經緯網，2004年3月31日， http://big5.huaxia.com/zk/zkwz/00190428.html.
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    孫力舟，「卡扎菲並非中國人民老朋友」，青年參考， 2011年4月13日，http://history.people.com.cn/GB/205396/14379618.html.
    高峰，「 誰在搶奪利比亞的石油？」，中國石化，2012年第6版，頁66。
    張寧，「國際維和：路在何方？」，中國國防報，2000年第3期，http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/channel2/18/20001124/325342.html
    郭瑞、侯文學，「利比亞大撤僑」，時事縱橫，2011年4月，頁22-23。
    劉雲，「利比亞重建進程中的石油問題」，西亞非洲，2012年第6期，頁64。
    唐家璇，「唐家璇談中國駐南聯盟大使館被炸事件勿忘國恥」，空軍網，http://www.kongjun.com/lishi/yanjiu/20140509/46599.html
    　五、聯合國文件
    《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》，聯合國，1976年3月23日， http://www.un.org/chinese/hr/issue/ccpr.htm.
    《給了予殖民地國家和人民獨立宣言》，聯合國大會1514號決議， http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/c1dgiccp.htm.
    《聯合國憲章》，聯合國，1945年10月24日， http://www.un.org/zh/documents/charter/charter.pdf.
    《聯合國憲章》，聯合國，1945年10月24日，http://www.un.org/zh/documents/charter/charter.pdf.
    「2006年世界首腦會議成果」，聯合國，2005年10月24日， http://www.un.org/chinese/ga/60/docs/ares60_1.htm。
    「國際人權憲章」，聯合國，1948年2月20日，http://www.ohchr.org/CH/Issues/Documents/International_Bill/1.pdf
    「第2932次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.2932）」，聯合國安全理事會，1990年8月2日。
    「第2941次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.2941）」，聯合國安全理事會，1990年9月20日。
    「第3145次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.3145）」，聯合國安全理事會，1992年12月3日。
    「第3868次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.3868）」，聯合國安全理事會，1998年3月31日，頁18。
    「第3930次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.3930）」，聯合國安全理事會，1998年9月23日，頁4-5。
    「第3937次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.3937）」，聯合國安全理事會，1998年10月24日，頁22-23。
    「第4011次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.4011）」，聯合國安全理事會，1999年6月10日，頁12， http://www.un.org/zh/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.6141&Lang=C 。
    「第5439次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.5439）」，聯合國安全理事會，2006年5月16日。
    「第5519次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.5519）」，聯合國安全理事會，2006年8月31日。
    「第5703次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.5703）」，聯合國安全理事會，2011年6月22日，頁。
    「第6141次會議逐字記錄（S/PV.6141）」，聯合國安全理事會，2009年6月12日，http://www.un.org/zh/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.6141&Lang=C。
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    安理會第1203號決議（1998年），聯合國安理會，1998年10月24日，S/RES/1203（1998）。
    六、政府資料
    「中國同利比亞的關係」，中華人民共和國外交部，2014年3月， http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/fz_605026/1206_605728/sbgx_605732/.
    「中國紅十字會首批救援物資抵達利東部城市班加西」，中央政府門戶網站，2011年8月19日，http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-08/19/content_1928890.htm.
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    二、　英文資料
    一、專書
    Donnelly, Jack. “An Overview.” Chap. 12 in Human Rights and Comparative Foreign Policy, edited by David Forsythe, (New York: United Nations University Press, 2000),
    Kuperman, Alan J. The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
    Latawski, Paul and Martin Smith, The Kosovo crisis and the evolution of post-Cold War European security, (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003).
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    二、期刊智庫論文
    Bajoria, Jayshree. “The Dilemma of Humanitarian Intervention”, Council on Foreign Relations, June 12th, 2013, http://www.cfr.org/humanitarian-intervention/dilemma-humanitarian-intervention/p16524.
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    Davis, Jonathan. “From Ideology to Pragmatism: China’s Position on Humanitarian Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, March, 2011, p. 225-226.
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    Perry, James D. “Operation Allied Force: The View from Beijing”, Aerospace Power Journal, Summer 2000, pp. 79~91.
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    三、學術論文
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    “Libya: US, UK and France attack Gaddafi forces”, BBC News Africa, March 20th, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12796972.
    "Libyans Protest over Delayed Subsidized Housing Units", Almasry Alyoum. January 16th, 2011, http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/297407.
    Lynch, Colum. “U.N. votes to impose sanction on Gaddafi”, The Washington Post, February 26th, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/26/AR2011022603386.html.
    Martina, Michael and Chris Buckley, “China urges Libya to protect investments”, Reuters, August 23rd, 2011.
    "Military Intervention is not a Sound Strategy", People`s Daily, June 16, 1998, FBIS-CHI-1998-168.
    “Moscow recognizes Libyan rebel council - Foreign Ministry”, Ria Novosti, September 1st, 2011, http://en.ria.ru/world/20110901/166346426.html.
    Mulvenon, James. “Sino-U.S. Military Relations and the Admiral Falllon Visit”, China Leadership Monitor, No. 18, http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/clm18_jm.pdf.
    “Nato air strikes- the world reacts,” BBC News, March 25, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/303446.stm.
    “Nato air strikes- the world reacts,” BBC News, March 25, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/303446.stm.
    “North Korea withdraws from nuclear treaty”, the Guardian, January 10th, 2003, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jan/10/northkorea1.
    “NTC declares `Liberation of Libya`”, Al Jazeera, October 24th, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/10/201110235316778897.html.
    Obama, Barrack, David Cameron and Nicholas Sarkozy. “Libya’s Pathway to Peace”, The New York Times, April 14th, 2011.
    O’Dwyer, Gerard. “Norway Withdraws F-16s from Libya Ops”, Defense News, August 11th, 2011, http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110811/DEFSECT01/108110302/Norway-Withdraws-F-16s-from-Libya-Ops.
    Pan, Philip P. “In China, Rumsfeld Urges Greater Global Role, Freedom, Military Candor”, the Washington Post: World, October 19th, 2005, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/18/AR2005101800182.html.
    “Pan Am Flight 103: a look back at the Lockerbie bombing”, New York Daily News, December 21, 2013, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/back-lockerbie-bombing-gallery-1.9504.
    Pawlak, Justyna. "Strikes Destroy 30 Percent of Libya Military Power: NATO", Reuters, April 6th, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/05/us-libya-nato-idUSTRE73431K20110405.
    "PRC Moves to Cool Nationalist Fury on Bombing", Hong Kong AFP in English, May 11th, 1999.
    “Rebel leader calls for `immediate action` on no-fly zone”, CNN, March 10th, 2011, http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/09/libya.civil.war/.
    “Robert Gates’s Parting Shot Exposes Europe’s Military Failings”, The Economist, June 18, 2011, p. 50.
    “Russia and China veto UN move to refer Syria to ICC”, BBC News Middle East, May 22nd, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27514256.
    “Rwanda: How the genocide happened”, BBC News Africa, May 17th, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13431486.
    “Setting sail for Libya”, The Economist, March 1st, 2011, http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2011/03/chinas_foreign_policy.
    Shanker, Thom and Steven Erlanger. “Blunt U.S. Warning Reveals Deep Strains in NATO”, The New York Times, June 10th, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/world/europe/11nato.html.
    Simpfendorfer, Ben. “What does Gadhafi’s fall mean for China, rest of Asia?”, the Wall Street Journal, August 22nd, 2011, http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/08/22/what-does-gadhafis-fall-mean-for-china-rest-of-asia/.
    Smith, Graeme. “China offered Gadhafi huge stockpiles of arms: Libyan memos”, The Globe and Mail, September 2nd, 2011, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/china-offered-gadhafi-huge-stockpiles-of-arms-libyan-memos/article1363316/.
    Sotloff, Steven. “China’s Libya Problem”, The Diplomat, March 14th, 2012, China’s Libya Problem,http://thediplomat.com/2012/03/chinas-libya-problem/.
    “Special report: Clinton in China”, BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/06/98/clinton_in_china/118430.stm.
    “Taiwan`s Chen stops over in Libya”, BBC News, Thursday, May 11th, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4760471.stm.
    Tiezzi, Shannon. “China’s South Sudan Dilemma”, The Diplomat, December 25th, 2013, http://thediplomat.com/2013/12/chinas-south-sudan-dilemma/.
    “UN authorises no-fly zone over Libya”, Al Jazeera, March 18th, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/03/201131720311168561.html.
    Wines, Michael. “Beijing Says Qaddafi Officials Sought Chinese Arms Supplies”, New York Times, September 5th, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/06/world/asia/06china.html?_r=0.
    Yardley, Jim. “Commander Visits China to Increase Ties With U.S.”, New York Times, May 13, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/13/world/asia/13china.html.
    “Xinhua Reporters View Kosovo Peace Talks,” Beijing Xinhua Domestic Service, February 24th.
    Zhao, Xiaozhuo. “More to Expect from a New Type of China-US Military Relationship”, China-US Focus, April 7th, 2014, http://www.chinausfocus.com/print/?id=36951.
    五、聯合國文件
    “After much wrangling, General Assembly seats National Transitional Council of Libya as country’s representative for sixty-sixth session”, United Nations General Assembly, September 16th, 2011, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/ga11137.doc.htm.
    “Contributors to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Monthly Summary of Contributions”, UN.org, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2012/feb12_1.pdf.
    “Covenant of the League of Nations”, League of Nations, April 28th, 1919, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3dd8b9854.html.
    “History of peacekeeping”, UN.org, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operations/history.shtml.
    “Implementing the responsibility to protect”, UN General Assembly, January 12. 2009, A/63/677, http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/63/677.
    Ambassador Liu Zhenmin, “Statement at the Plenary session of the General Assembly on the Question of Responsibility to Protect”, July 24th, 2009.
    “Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict”, Security Council Report Update Report, March 8th, 2006, http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Update%20Report%208%20March%202006_POC.pdf.
    “Ranking of Military and Police Contributions to UN Operations”, UN.org, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2012/jan12_2.pdf
    “Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) [on the deployment of international civil and security presences in Kosovo]”, UN Security Council, June 10th 1999, S/RES/1244 (1999), http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f27216.html.
    “Security Council resolution 1674 (2006)”, UN Security Council, April 28th, 2006, S/RES/1674 (2006), http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/331/99/PDF/N0633199.pdf.
    “Security Council resolution 1874 (2009)”, UN Security Council, June 12th, 2009, S/RES/1874 (2009).
    “Security Council resolution 1970 (2011)”, UN Security Council, February 26th, 2011, S/RES/1970 (2011), http://www.un.org/chinese/aboutun/prinorgs/sc/sres/2011/s1970.htm.
    “Security Council resolution 1973 (2011)”, UN Security Council, March 17th, 2011, S/RES/1973 (2011), http://www.un.org/chinese/aboutun/prinorgs/sc/sres/2011/s1973.htm.
    “Security Council- Veto List”, United Nations Research Guides & Resources, http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scact_veto_en.shtml.
    “Statement by Ambassador Li Baodong at Security Council Open Debate on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict”, (Nov. 9, 2011)
    General Assembly Debate Statement: China (unofficial transcription from webcast), (July 12, 2011)
    “Statement by Ambassador Li Baodong at Security Council Open Debate on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict”, May 10, 2011.
    "Statement by the President of the Security Council," UN Security Council, April 13, 2009, http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/301/03/PDF/N0930103.pdf.
    “Statement by the President of the Security Council”, UN Security Council, May 14th, 1999, S/PRST/1999/12, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/1999/523.
    “Statement by Ambassador Wang Min at the Security Council Open Debate on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict”, July 7, 2010.
    “Statement by Ambassador Zhenmin Liu at the Security Council Open Debate on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict”, Jan 14, 2009.
    “Statement by the Chinese Delegation at the Security Council Open Debate on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict”, June 22, 2007.
    “Yugoslavia- Serbs”, United Nations Encyclopedia of the Nations, December, 1990.
    　六、政府資料
    “Annual Report to Congress on the Military Power of the People’s Republic of China”, US Department of Defense (2011), p. 37-38.
    “China Background Note (03/03)”, US. Department of State, http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/china/29871.htm
    Dumbaugh, Kerry. "Chinese Embassy Bombing in Belgrade: Compensation Issues", Congressional Research Service publication, April 12th, 2000, http://congressionalresearch.com/RS20547/document.php.
    Gertler, Jeremiah. “Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress”, Congressional Research Service, March 30th, 2011, http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41725.pdf, p. 18.
    Kan, Shirley A. and David Ackerman et. all. “China-U.S. Aircraft Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications”, CRS Report for Congress, October 10th, 2001, p. 1, http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30946.pdf.
    “Paris Summit for the Support to the Libyan People: Communique”, US State Department: Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, March 19th, 2011, http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/or/158663.htm.
    “President Jiang Zemin visited the United States”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t18030.shtml.
    “Statement by Ambassador Liu Zhenmin At the Plenary session of the General Assembly on the Question of ‘Responsibility to Protect’”, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the UN, July 24th, 2009, http://www.china-un.org/eng/hyyfy/t575682.htm.
    　七、 網路資料
    Boese, Wade. “UN Security Council Approves Arms Embargo on Yugoslavia”, Arms Control Association, March, 1998, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/1998_03/kosovo
    “China’s Growing Role in Peacekeeping Operations”, International Crisis Group Asia Report No.16, April 17th, 2009, p.19.
    “Chinese in Belgrade, Beijing protest NATO embassy bombing”, CNN.com, May 9th, 1999, http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9905/09/china.protest.03/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD.
    "Under Orders: War Crimes in Kosovo (March-June 1999)", Human Rights Watch, June 12, 1999, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/kosovo/undword-03.htm.
    “A Timeline of NATO Involvement in the Libyan Revolution”, Voice of America, October 31st, 2011, http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/10/31/a-timeline-of-nato-involvement-in-the-libyan-revolution/.
    “Case Studies in Sanctions and Terrorism: Case 89-2, US v. China (1989- : Tiananmen Square Massacre, Human Rights)”, Peterson Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie.com/research/topics/sanctions/china.cfm.
    “Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)”, Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm#_Toc62882595.
    “The Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia,” NATO, June 9th, 1999, http://www.nato.int/kosovo/docu/a990609a.htm.
    Jackson, Robert H. “The Influence Of The Nuremberg Trial On International Criminal Law”, Robert H. Jackson Center, http://www.roberthjackson.org/the-man/speeches-articles/speeches/speeches-related-to-robert-h-jackson/the-influence-of-the-nuremberg-trial-on-international-criminal-law/.
    “Kosovo/Albania: Investigate Alleged KLA Crimes”, Human Rights Watch, December 15th, 2010, http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/12/15/kosovoalbania-investigate-alleged-kla-crimes.
    “Libya”, Freedom House, 2010, http://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2010/libya?page=22&year=2010&country=7862#.U7Jl5LuXRzE
    “Live Blog- Libya Feb 22”, Al Jazeera, February 22nd, 2011, http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/africa/live-blog-libya-feb-22.
    “Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Force ("KFOR") and the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia,” NATO, June 9th, 1999, http://www.nato.int/kosovo/docu/a990609a.htm.
    Masters, Jonathan. “The North Atlantic Treaty Organization”, Council on Foreign Relations, May 30, 2014, http://www.cfr.org/nato/north-atlantic-treaty-organization-nato/p28287.
    Parello-Plesner, Jonas. “China’s desert-dance in Libya”, European Council on Foreign Relations, October 31st, 2011, http://www.ecfr.eu/content/entry/commentary_chinas_desert_dance_in_libya.
    “Statement by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong”, US Department of State, May 12th, 1999, http://web.archive.org/web/19990915142723/http://www.usconsulate.org.hk/kosovo/1999/0512a.htm
    “The Crisis in Kosovo,” Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/nato/Natbm200-01.htm.
    “The Responsibility to Protect”, International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, December, 2001, http://responsibilitytoprotect.org/ICISS%20Report.pdf.
    “Transitional Justice in the Former Yugoslavia”, International Center for Transitional Justice, January 1st, 2009, http://ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-FormerYugoslavia-Justice-Facts-2009-English.pdf.
    Williams, Ian. “the UN’s Surprising Support”, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, April 19th, 1999, http://iwpr.net/report-news/uns-surprising-support. “Yugoslav Forces Guilty of War Crimes in Racak, Kosovo”, Human Rights Watch, January 7th, 1999, http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosovo/Obrinje6-07.htm
    Wintour, Patrick. “Britain and France sign landmark 50-year defence deal”, The Guardian, November 2nd, 2010, http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/nov/02/britain-france-landmark-50-year-defence-deal.
    Worth, Robert F. “On Libya’s Revolutionary Road”, New York Times Magazine, March 30th, 2011.
    Zoellick, Robert B. “Whither China: From Membership to Responsibility?”, Remarks to National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, New York, September 21st, 2005.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    東亞研究所
    97260024
    102
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