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    Title: 台灣民眾對貧窮歸因態度之研究
    Attitudes toward Attributions for Poverty in Taiwan
    Authors: 施蘊芳
    Shih, Yun Fang
    Contributors: 張晉芬
    Chang, Chin Fen
    施蘊芳
    Shih, Yun Fang
    Keywords: 貧窮歸因
    自利原則
    啟蒙原則
    社會階層化
    台灣社會變遷基本調查
    attributions for poverty
    the self-interest thesis
    the principle of enlightenment
    social stratification
    Taiwan Social Change Survey
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-11-03 10:14:57 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 貧窮在人類歷史中存在已久。在台灣有許多研究探討客觀之致貧因素,相較之下主觀之貧窮歸因研究則較少。然而,針對人們如何理解社會中誰得到甚麼?為什麼?的研究一直是社會階層化重要的研究議題。更且,貧窮歸因被認為能夠預測人們對相關濟貧政策支持度,使此議題更形重要。故本文旨在探究台灣民眾如何解釋貧窮發生之原因,及個人條件、社經地位、家庭背景和社會心理因素如何影響貧窮歸因。以既有實證研究為基礎,將貧窮歸因區分為責備個人歸因、責備社會歸因及個人命運歸因。資料來源使用「臺灣社會變遷基本調查」2002年及2007年之問卷進行分析。

    研究發現台灣民眾對於貧窮之歸因以個人歸因為主。性別與家庭所得較能解釋貧窮個人歸因。男性較女性贊同將貧窮責任歸咎於個人因素。家庭所得愈高,愈傾向於責備窮人本身。社經地位變項較能解釋貧窮結構歸因,教育程度、家庭所得及社會階級位置愈高,愈傾向於不贊同結構歸因,符合自利原則之觀點。教育程度之作用不符合啟蒙原則之預期,顯示教育再製社會不平等之功能。宗教信仰虔誠度並不會影響貧窮命運歸因,此結果呈現台灣宗教除魅化之社會變遷。
    In human history, poverty has always been present. There has been an abundance of research exploring objective explanations of poverty. In contrast, there are few studies that have been done in Taiwan on the people`s subjective explanations of poverty. However, how people perceive who gets what and why is an important research subject in social stratification through time. The results may also help predict public support for poverty-related policies in the future. This thesis aims to explore explanations of poverty in Taiwan, and how socio-demographic and social-psychological factors shaping people`s beliefs about the causes of poverty. Based on previously reviewed literature, I attributed the causes of poverty to three aspects: individual faults, personal fate, and structural inequalities. I utilized data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) conducted in 2002 and 2007, respectively. The TSCS repeated the same array of questions of poverty attributions in these two years.

    The results indicated that the majority of Taiwanese people blamed the poor people themselves for their poor status. Men were more individualistically-oriented toward attributions of poverty than women. Also, people with high incomes were more likely to have individualistic attributions towards poverty. The self-interest-based attribution for poverty is supported by people with higher income, education, and social class. Respondents with these characteristics are less likely to attribute poverty to the structural causes. The principle of enlightenment by education lacks support from the analysis and it appears that education has the function of reproduction of social inequality in Taiwan. Religiosity does not operate as a significant determinant of a poverty attribute, which may demonstrate the disenchantment of religion in everyday life.
    Reference: 一、 官方出版

    行政院主計處,2013a,《人力資源調查統計年報》。台北:行政院主計處。
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    二、 報紙及新聞媒介

    王昭月,2013,〈青年沒頭路 高希均:政府沒欠你〉。聯合報,第A8版,10月8日。
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    三、 翻譯著作

    Bauman, Zygmunt著、王志弘譯,2003,《工作、消費與新貧》。台北︰巨流圖書。 (Bauman, Zygmunt, 1998, Work, Consumerism and New Poor. Buckingham: Open University Press.)
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    四、 中文著作

    王方,2002a,〈貧窮詮釋與政府社會責任初探〉。論文發表於「民主政治與社會福利學術研討會」,嘉義:國立中正大學社會福利系,民國91年4月19日至20日。
    ____,2002b,〈台灣民眾工作福利待遇取得與社會態度之初步探討〉。論文發表於「重訪東亞:全球、區域、國家、公民-文化研究學會2002年會」,台中:東海大學,民國91年12月14日。
    ____,2004,〈貧窮歸因、社會階層、保障態度與快樂感受〉。論文發表於「走過台灣-世代、歷史、與社會研討會」,新竹:清華大學,民國93年12月4日至5日。
    王永慈,2010,〈貧窮問題〉。頁164-194,收錄於瞿海源、張苙雲主編,《台灣的社會問題(第二版)》。台北:巨流。
    ____,2011,〈民眾為何支持所得重分配的社會福利政策?---自利論的檢視與修正〉。論文發表於「社會不平等:台灣社會變遷基本調查第十五次研討會」,台北:中研院社會所,民國100年1月7日。
    王德睦、何華欽,2006,〈台灣貧窮女性化的再檢視〉。《人口學刊》33: 103-131。
    呂朝賢,1995,〈貧窮的性別與婚姻屬性差異〉。《婦女與兩性學刊》6: 25-54。
    李易駿、古允文,2003,〈另一個福利世界?東亞發展型福利體制初探〉。《台灣社會學刊》31: 189-241。
    林宗弘、洪敬舒、李健鴻、王兆慶、張烽益,2011,《崩世代:財團化、貧窮化與少 子女化的危機》。台北:台灣勞工陣線。
    林萬億,1997,〈影響臺灣民眾社會福利態度的因素〉。《台大社會學刊》25: 1-46。
    林震岩,2010,《多變量分析:SPSS的操作與應用》。台北:智勝。
    張清富,1993a,《臺灣省貧窮趨勢與致貧因素之研究》。台北:豪峰出版社。
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    五、 外文著作

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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學研究所
    99254010
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992540102
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[社會學系] 學位論文

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