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    Title: 金融業營業稅課稅之研究
    Authors: 賴珮瀅
    Contributors: 黃明聖
    賴珮瀅
    Keywords: 金融業營業稅
    加值稅
    銀行特別捐
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-10-01 13:34:47 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 依據營業稅法規定,我國金融業除經營非專屬本業之銷售額適用第10條規定之稅率及銀行、保險業經營本業銷售額之稅率為5% 外,其營業稅率為2%。但保險業再保費收入之營業稅率為1%。我國金融業並未納入加值稅體系,乃依銷售總額計算營業稅額,且與業務有關之進項稅額原則上不得扣抵,其名目稅率雖較一般產業為低,但實質稅負是否確實較輕,仍待進一步分析比較,才可得知。
    經分析發現,我國金融業營業稅採毛額型課徵,其他實施加值稅的國家則普遍將金融業納入加值體系課徵範圍,兩者作法大不同。在特定的條件假設下,我國金融營業稅負在主要與次要業務上都較國外大多數國家為輕;在與國內一般產業的營業稅負比較發現,我國金融業不論本業與非本業的稅負,似乎也皆較一般產業稅負為重。今將金融本業營業稅率回復為5%,其差異將更形擴大,可能引起更大程度的扭曲,也使金融業相較於一般行業處於不相等的對待。我國金融業營業稅款撥至特別準備金專款專用,此一作法不但破壞租稅與預算制度,亦扭曲了金融管理的正常功能。
    本研究建議:一、維持金融業與國內其他產業間營業稅稅負的一致。將金融業納入加值型營業稅體系,維持產業間租稅的公平及租稅中立性原則,並搭配外銷金融服務零稅率制度之施行,以強化我國金融業對外競爭能力。二、恢復金融營業稅稅收用途的統收統支性質,不應將金融營業稅稅收作為解決金融問題之政策工具,此作法不但破壞稅制完整性也扭曲了金融管理的功能。若為處理金融問題或其他政策目的,可參考其他國家對金融業另行課徵銀行特別捐。三、適當調高加值稅稅率,不但符合國際提高間接稅比重趨勢,且稅源穩定亦可緩解財政失衡狀態。
    Reference: 一、中文文獻:
    工商時報 (2014),「銀行業營業稅≠銀行稅」,工商時報社論,3月3日。
    中華民國統計資訊網 (2014),重要統計指標,取自 http://ebas1.ebas.gov.tw。
    巴曙松、劉清濤、尚航飛、劉芷冰等 (2010),「銀行稅的理論探討與適應性分析」,《金融理論與實踐》,第11期,頁16-20。
    互動百科 (2014),「銀行稅」,取自http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8E。
    行政院主計總處 (2014),國民所得及經濟成長統計資料庫,取自http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1。
    吳國聖 (1997),「我國金融保險業營業稅制改進方案之研究」,國立台灣大學會計研究所碩士論文。
    花全、黃興旺、陳錦鄉、單珮玲及彭惠珠 (1998),「檢討金融保險業營業稅制」,《賦稅革新研究報告合訂本》,財政部,頁283-360。
    徐育珠 (2004),《財政學》,三民書局股份有限公司出版。
    財政部 (2012),《2012主要國家稅制概要》,財政部稅制委員會編著。
    財政部賦稅署 (2014),賦稅法規,取自http://www.dot.gov.tw/dot/home.jsp。
    陳東興(2003),「金融商品與衍生性商品徵免稅捐之探討」,行政院出國報告。
    張盛和、邱政茂、傅傳訓及魏素幸(1992),「銷售稅制下金融業課稅問題之研究」,《財稅研究》,第24卷第4期,頁59-83。
    許褀昌、楊松明、黃嬿臻 (2013),「淺論我國金融業營業稅之沿革與國際競爭力」,《稅務旬刊》,第2225期,頁7-11。
    曾巨威 (2006),「我國金融業營業稅稅負合宜性之研究」,財政部委託研究計畫。
    黃明聖、黃淑惠、李瑞生 (2014),《稅務法規-理論與實務》,五南圖書出版。
    黃金澤 (1992),「談金融業營業稅率之調降及衍生問題」,《稅務旬刊》,第1724期,頁8-17。
    黃春生、黃慶源、柯俊輝、何愛文 (1996),「成立亞太營運中心之租稅配合措施:金融中心」,財政部稅制委員會委託計畫。
    智庫百科 (2014),「銀行稅」,取自 http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8E。
    葉金澤 (2000),「再談金融業營業稅率調降問題之疑義」,《稅務旬刊》,第1747期,頁7-13。
    鄭曉雯 (2012),「稅制會執行秘書洪東煒:金融業營業稅應取消優惠稅率」,《稅務旬刊》,第2185期,頁7-13。

    二、外文文獻:
    Auerbach, Alan J. and Roger H. Gordon (2002) ,“Taxation of Financial Services under a VAT”, American Economic Review, 411-416.
    Barham, Vicki, Satya N. Poddar and John Whalley (1987) ,“The Tax Treatment of Insurance under a Consumption Type, Destination Basis VAT”, National Tax Journal, 40 (2),171-182.
    Boadway, Robin and Michael Keen (2003), “Theoretical Perspectives on the Taxation of Capital Income and Financial Services : A Survey”, in Patrick Honohan (Ed.), Taxation of Financial Intermediation : Theory and Practice for Emerging Economies, Washington, DC : The World Bank.
    BBC News (2011) , “Q&A: Bank Levy Explained”, available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12391532.
    Chia, Ngee-Choon and John Whalley (1999) ,“ The Tax Treatment of Financial Intermediaries ”, Journal of Money Credit and Banking, 31 (4), 704-719.
    Diamond, P. and J.A. Mirrlees (1971), “Optimal Taxation and Public Producation, I: Production Efficiency”, American Economic Review, 61, 8-27
    Edgar, T. (2001), “Exempt Treatment of Financial Intermediation Services Under a Value-Added Tax:an Assessment of Alternatives”, Canadian Tax Jurnal 49 (5), 1133-1219.
    Financial Times (2012), “Definition of Bank Levy”, available at http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=bank-levy.
    Grubert, Harry and James Mackie (2000),“ Must Financial Services Be Taxed Under a Consumption Tax?”, National Tax Journal, 53 (1), 23-40.
    GOV.UK (2014), “Introduction to VAT”, available at http://www.hmrc.gov.uk.
    GOV.UK (2014), “Rates of VAT on Different Goods and Services” , available at http://www.hmrc.gov.uk.
    Hoffman, Lorey A., Satya N. Poddar and John Whalley (1987) ,“Taxation of banking Services under a Consumption Type, Destination Basis VAT ”, National Tax Journal, (4), 547-554.
    Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (2014) ,“For GST - Registered Businesses”,available at https://www.iras.gov.sg.
    Jack, William (2000),“ The Treatment of Financial Services under a Broad-Based Consumption Tax”, National Tax Journal, 53 (4), 841-851.
    KPMG (2012), “Bank Levies - Comparison of Certain Jurisdictions”, available at http://www.kpmg.com.
    KPMG (2012), “France: VAT Essentials”, available at http://www.kpmg.com.
    KPMG (2013), “United Kingdom: VAT Essentials”, available at http://www.kpmg.com.
    Merrill, Peter R. and Harold Adrion (1995) , “Treatment of Financial Services under Consumption-Based Tax Systems ”, Tax Notes, 68 (6), 1496-1500.
    Merrill, Peter R. and Chris R. Edwards (1996) ,“Cash-Flow Taxation of Financial Services”, National Tax Journal, 49 (3), 487-500.
    Ministry of Strategy and Finance, Republic of Korea (2014) , “부가가치세법
    (Value - Added Tax Act)”, available at http://www.mosf.go.kr.
    OECD (1998), Indirect Treatment of Financial Services and Instrument, available at http://www.oecd.org.
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    OECD (2012), “Funding Systemic Crisis Resolution” , available at http://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-markets/50018907.pdf.
    OECD (2014), “Rates of Value Added Tax (General Sales Tax)” , available at http://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/tax-database.htm.
    Poddar, Satya and Morley English (1997) ,“ Taxation of Financial Sservices under a Value - Added Tax: Applying the Cash - Flow Approach”, National Tax Journal, 50 (1), 89-111.
    Poddar, Satya (2003) ,“Consumption Taxed: The Role of the Value - Added Tax” , in Patrick Honohan (Ed.), Taxation of Financial Intermediation: Theory and Practice for Emerging Economies, Washington, DC: The World Bank.
    Rousslang, Donald J. (2002) ,“Should Financial Services be Taxed under a Consumption Tax? Probably ”, National Tax Journal, 55 (2), 281-291.
    VATLive (2014), “2014 European Union EU VAT rates”, available at http://www.vatlive.com/vat-rates/european-vat-rates/eu-vat-rates/.
    Wikipedia (2014) , “Value - Added Tax”, available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAT#Tax_rates.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    101921211
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101921211
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

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