| 摘要: | 本研究之目的在探討中國大陸環境保育之發展實景及未來政策趨向,藉由這些「大陸經驗」提供台灣環境保育發展參考或借鏡,從而促進兩岸環境事務之交流,並作為相關中國大陸環境保育發展後續研究之基礎。 本研究首先整理中國大陸有關環境保育政策、制度、法規及現況之文獻,其次探討中國大陸環境保育發展歷程、環境問題及保育工作現況、以及近年來的環境外交及國際合作,本研究接著探討中國大陸環境管理行政組織、環境政策、管理制度、以及環境法規。本研究之另一重點則在第五章居民環境態度調查分析,藉由田野調查,建立基礎資料,分析中國大陸北京、上海、廣州三大城市居民對環境保育的認知和態度傾向,最後並輔以專家訪談,由中國大陸環境領域專家學者之意見,了解中國大陸環境保育實行成效。 本研究發現中國大陸因易接收國際環境保育資訊,並接受多項國際合作及支援,因而具有先進的環境政策與理論研究,但實際環境管理經驗十分欠缺,法律制度之執行效率甚差,一般民眾及基層行政人員普遍缺乏環保意識,尤其在目前社會風氣傾向於以金錢利益為優先,而法治觀念不彰的情況下,短期內中國大陸環境問題難以得到改善。另外,由三大城市居民問卷調查顯示,中國大陸地域遼闊,不同地區居民環境態度差別甚大,然而總體而言,三城市居民對環境保育之認識不少,但實際關心有限。同樣地,中國大陸環境領域之學者專家普遍認為,雖然中國大陸環境政策與制度設計立意甚佳,實際卻難以落實,因而顯現出對未來展望矛盾心態。
The purpose of this study is to examine the development and prospectus of environmental protection in Mainland China. Studying the "China experience" can help the development of Taiwan`s environmental protection and management. Further, both governments across the Strait, and other researchers as well, can adapt the findings of this study to promote environmental research and management in related areas. First, this study reviews environmental literature in four areas: policy, organization, law, and environmental situation. This study then explores the development of environmental protection, environmental issues, and international cooperation in Mainland China. Following that, this study examines environmental administration, policies, management, and laws. Environmental attitudes, another research focus, are explored in Chapter 5. Using 1994 survey data, this study explores people`s attitudes toward environment in three Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou (Canton). In-depth interviews with experts and scholars from different environmental areas are also reported. Because of the accessibility to international environmental protection information and cooperation, Mainland China develops advanced environmental policies and theories. However, the implementation is very poor, due to the lack of experience. Both citizens and low-level governmental officials are lack of environmental protection awareness, which are worsened by the fact that Mainland China concentrates on economic development in recent years. Being a spacious country, people in varied areas develop different environmental attitudes toward environment. Overall, people in three surveyed cities have enough environmental knowledge, but lack of actions. Similarly, experts and scholars from varied environmental areas worry the future environmental development, because of the gap between "word and deed" in both governmental officials and lay persons. |
