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    题名: 經濟發展、結構轉變與廠商規模報酬關係之研究
    其它题名: Structure Change, Economies of Scale and Optimal Firm Size.
    作者: 莊奕琦
    贡献者: 經濟學系
    关键词: 工業化;規模報酬;公司規模;經濟成長
    Industrialization;Returns to scale;Firm size;Economic growth
    日期: 1996
    上传时间: 2014-08-19
    摘要: 本研究利用一九九一年工商普查廠商資料檢測製造業一分類及二分類產業變動規模報酬之假設、生產效率和最適廠商大小之關係以了解台灣經濟發展與結構轉變之特徵。實證模型採Solow生產函數並包含體現技術變動(embodied technological change)和允許隨廠商大小改變的變動規模報酬(variable returns to scale)設定。 研究結果顯示整體製造業存在體現技術變動和規模報酬遞增現象。在體現技術變動方面,沒有出口廠商優於出口廠商;惟除了中型廠商外出口廠商之規模報酬則高於沒有出口廠商且出口廠商資本密集度亦較高。同時我們亦發現貿易對小廠較為有利。然而在二分類產業中僅少部分產業仍具遞增規模報酬,大部分產業則為固定規模報酬,尤其是出口廠商。進一步分析發現廠商間存在貿易性誘發的學習外溢效果,而其他廠商的外溢效果約為廠商自身學習效果的六分之一。此種貿易性誘發的學習外溢效果正可說明:為什麼台灣出口廠商都是小廠商。若以效率指標估算我們亦發現二十個分類產業中有十二個產業的出口廠商其最適生產規模均為小廠。 本研究結果不僅讓我們更進一步了解台灣經濟發展的特色,同時這項發展經驗亦提供給其他開發中國家經濟發展的思考方向。
    By using Taiwan`s census firm data, this paper estimates and tests the variable returns to scale hypothesis for aggregate manufacturing and two-digit industries. An efficiency measure is constructed to further examine the size-efficiency relations among two-digit industries. Analysis results indicates that increasing returns exist in aggregate manufacturing level and its magnitude is higher for exporting firms than for non-exporting firms. Moreover, trade is beneficial only for small firms. However, the property of increasing returns diminishes for most of the industries in two-digit level, particularly for the exporting firms. This sharp comparison between aggregate and two-digit level suggests that trade is conducive to productivity and a certain form of technology spillover existed among firms and across industries. Further investigation of the relationship between productive efficiency and firm size renders the result that optimal firms size is small for exporting firms in most industries, particularly in most of the export-oriented ones. The technology spillover effect among firms and across industries is likely the reason for being small and efficient. Our results also indicate that an industry-wide spillover effect across firms within the same industry is roughly one-sixth of the firm-specific export-induced learning effect. Findings in this study provide valuable insight into the Taiwan`s economic development and also provide a development strategy for developing countries to follow.
    關聯: 行政院國家科學委員會
    計畫編號NSC85-2415-H004-002
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[經濟學系] 國科會研究計畫

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