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| Title: | 國際特赦組織在阿根廷與智利之人權推廣作為
Amnesty International and the Promotion of Human Rights in Argentina and Chile |
| Authors: | 楊馥瑜
Fu-Yu Yang |
| Contributors: | 姜家雄
Chia-Hsiung Chiang
楊馥瑜
Fu-Yu Yang |
| Keywords: | 國際非政府組織
人權
國際特赦組織
阿根廷
智利
International Non-governmental Organizations
Human Rights
Amnesty International
Argentina
Chile |
| Date: | 2013 |
| Issue Date: | 2014-05-01 15:22:23 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 資訊科技的革新，使跨國互動頻繁，國際議題趨向多元化，致使國際非政府組織在國際場域中所扮演的角色日益重要。尤其，在人權議題，國際非政府組織多半本著全球良知行事，對於促進人權價值的普世化有諸多貢獻。
為深入研析國際非政府組織與人權推廣之密切連結，本論文以1961年成立的「國際特赦組織」為研究對象，希望藉由檢視該組織在1970年代涉入阿根廷與智利人權侵害問題之作為，歸結國際非政府組織之於全球人權推廣之重要性。
阿根廷與智利同屬南錐國家，兩國在1970年代同為軍政府統治，其執政者為整肅異己與樹立權威，皆執行諸多違反人權的政策，嚴重侵害國民的基本權利。而長期關注世界各國人權發展的國際特赦組織，在該時期致力於改善阿根廷與智利的人權問題，不僅可被視為國際非政府組織推廣人權之顯例，亦凸顯國際特赦組織之獨特性。
The age of globalization has led to an increase in the power of non-state actors in the international arena. In particular, in dealing with the human rights issue, international non-governmental organizations, representing the “conscience of the world,” have a huge contribution in promoting human rights.
To explore the linkage between international non-governmental organizations and its promotion of human rights, the study focuses on the action of “Amnesty International” in Argentina and Chile in the 1970s, while both of its citizens suffered from the oppressive rules of military governments, and were deprived of basic human rights. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of international non-governmental organizations in the promotion of human rights, the organizational structure and characteristic of Amnesty International, as well as the strategy of Amnesty International in improving human rights conditions in Argentina and Chile in the 1970s.
The study shows that the promotion of human rights of Amnesty International in Argentina and Chile not only can be seen as an example, but also, shows the uniqueness of Amnesty International. |
| Reference: | 一、中文部分
(一)專書
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(二)期刊論文
王興中。「書寫台灣人權運動史：普世人權的本土歷程」。《台灣人權學刊》，第1卷第3期 (2012年12月)，頁207-217。
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(三)網路官方資料
「國際特赦組織台灣分會」，<http://www.amnesty.tw/>.
「聯合國《人權國際文獻彙編》」， <http://www.un.org/chinese/hr/issue/convention.htm>.
「聯合國憲章」，<http://www.un.org/zh/documents/charter/preamble.shtml>.
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「第21屆東協高峰會於11月18日登場」，財團法人中華經濟研究院，台灣東南亞國家協會研究中心，<http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/ASEANnewsDetail.aspx?id_news=105>.
「人權團結聯盟」<http://www.humanrights.com/zh/voices-for-human-rights/human-rights-organizations/non-governmental.html>.
二、英文部分
(一)專書
Aldama, Arturo J. ed., Violence and the Body: Race, Gender, and the State. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
Andreopoulos, George, Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat and Peter Juviler. eds, Non-State Actors in the Human Rights Universe. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 2006.
Barria, Lilian A., and Steven D. Roper, eds. The Development of Institutions of Human Rights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Bell, Daniel A., and Jean-Marc Coicaud, eds. Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations. New York: Cambrige Unversity Press, 2007.
Bennett, Jon. Meeting Needs, NGO Coordination in Practice. London: Earthscan Publications, 1995.
Bickerton, Christopher J., and Philip Cunliffe and Alexander Gourevitch, eds. Politics without Sovereignty: A Critique of Contemporary International Relations. New York: UCL Press, 2007.
Bonner, Michelle D. Sustaining Human Rights: Women and Argentine Human Rights Organizations. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State Press, 2007.
Brysk, Alison. The Politics of Human Rights in Argentina: Protest, Change, and Democratization. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1994.
Cardenas, Sonia. Human Rights in Latin America: A Politics of Terror ad Hope. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010.
Carsnaes, Walter, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons. eds, Handbook of International Relations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 2002.
Donnelly, Jack. International Human Rights. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998.
Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights: Theory and Practice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Finer, S. E. ed., The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1976.
Fisher, Julie. NGOs and the Political Development of the Third World. Boulder: Kumarian Press, 1998.
Foot, Rosemary. Rights Beyond Borders: The global Community and the Struggle over Human Rights in China. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Forsythe, David P. Human Rights in International Relations. New York: Cambrige Unversity Press, 2000.
Fuentes, Caludio A. Contesting the Iron Fist. New York: Routledge, 2005.
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Guest, Iain. Behind the Disappearances. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.
Heins, Volker. Nongovernmental Organization in International Society: Struggle over Recognition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Hoehn, Sabine. Human Rights Campaigning in Context, A Case Study of Two Human Rights Campaigns of Amnesty International. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & CO.
Huntington, Samuel P., The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
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(二)期刊論文
Baxter, Victoria. “Civil Society Promotion of Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation in Chile: Villa Grimaldi.” Peace
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Bickford, Louis. “Human Rights Archives and Research on Historical Memory: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.” Latin American Research Review 35 (2000): 160-182.
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(三)官方出版品
Vasak, Karel. “Human rights: A thirty year struggle: The sustained efforts to give force of law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” The UNESCO Courier 30 (1977).
Amnesty International 2013 Report to the INGO Accountability. London: Amnesty International Publications, 2013.
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Amnesty International Annual Report 1979. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1979.
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Amnesty International Annual Report 1983. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1983.
Amnesty International Annual Report 1997. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1997.
Chile: An Amnesty International Report. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1974.
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(四)官方網路
“Amnesty International,” < http://www.amnesty.org/>.
“Human Rights Watch,” < http://www.hrw.org/ >.
“International Committee of the Red Cross,” <http://www.icrc.org/eng/>.
“OAS Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man,” <http://www.hrcr.org/docs/OAS_Declaration/oasrights2.html>.
“Oxfam International,” <http://www.oxfam.org/>.
“United Nations,” < http://www.un.org/en/>.
(五)新聞
The Economist, November 28, 1998.
(六)網路資料
“BBC News -Testimony: Detainee remembers Chile 1973,” <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/the_pinochet_file/198743.stm>.
“Goethe Institut,”
< http://www.goethe.de/ins/cn/tai/ges/pok/cn7554668.htm>
三、西班牙文部分
(一)專書
Reato, Ceferino. Disposición final: La confesión de Videla sobre los desaparecidos. Buenos Aires: SUDAMERICANA, 2012.
(二)期刊論文
Garrido, Pilar Calveiro. “Argentina: de la desaparición al vaciamiento.” Metapolítica, Núm. 28 (Marzo-Abril, 2003): 87-101.
(三)官方報告與出版品
Amnesty International: Cifras y Datos (AI Índice: AMR 22/009/2013), publicado en septiembre 2013.
Argentina: Memorial en Derecho – Leyes de Punto Final y Obediencia Debida, presentado por Amnistía Internacional y la Comisión Internacional de Juristas (AI Índice: AMR 13/18/2003), publicado en diciembre 2003.
Argentina:Posible Sobreseimiento en Alemania de Causas Relativas a Casos de "Desaparición" (AI Índice: AMR 13/03/00/s), publicado en abril 2000.
Chile: Torturas desde maszo de 1990 (AI Índice: AMR 22/03/91/s), publicado en septiembre 1991.
Los Tribunales Militares Archivan: Mas de 100 Casos de “Desapariciones” (AI Índice: AMR 22/03/90/s), publicado en enero 1990.
Nunca más, Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 1991.
(四)網路資源
“Amnistía Internacional, Sección Argentina,” <http://www.amnistia.org.ar/>.
“Amnistía Internacional, Sección Chile,” <http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/chile>.
“Víctimas: Desarrollo Cronológico,” <http://www.derechoschile.com/espanol/victima2.htm>. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
99253019
102 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099253019 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
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