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Title:	幼兒執行功能與就學準備度之研究 A study of executive function and school readiness in preschool children
Authors:	吳盈諄 Wu, Ying Chun
Contributors:	徐聯恩 Hsu, Michael L. A. 吳盈諄 Wu, Ying Chun
Keywords:	幼兒執行功能就學準備度工作記憶衝動控制認知靈活度 executive function school readiness working memory inhibitory control cognitive flexibility
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2013-02-04 09:41:35 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	近十年來幼兒執行功能(executive function，簡稱EF)的重要性與相關研究，受到高度重視。幼兒執行功能與其未來正向發展和學業成就有很大的關聯，而執行功能是個體對本身思想和行為進行目標性之控制，以引導個體達成目標的一種機制與能力。從Head Start辦公室所規範的課程設計與幼兒學習標準皆可看出對於視幼兒執行功能的發展之重視。另一方面，「幼兒教育及照顧法」於101年1月正式上路，此法案對幼教界而言是一個劃時代的創舉，新課綱受到高度重視且注重幼兒全面發展，期望幼兒擁有良好的情緒並保持身心健康，培養幼兒自主、自律之態度與能力，而近十餘年來，幼兒就學準備度的觀念日趨重要，且就學準備度助於幼兒身心發展、利於教師課程教學與親師溝通，更能提升幼兒園之品質。是故，本研究先採用文獻分析探討幼兒執行功能與就學準備度的脈絡，再以相關研究法探討其結果。將蒐集資料進行統計分析，本研究以描述性統計分析、皮爾森績差相關、T檢定、單因子變異數分析、二因子變異數分析進行統計分析，其結論如下：壹、本研究所取樣之幼兒，具有良好的執行功能，以衝動控制表現最佳。貳、幼兒背景、幼兒園因素影響幼兒執行功能之相關： 1.幼兒執行功能在本研究樣本幼兒之年齡分組並無顯著差異。 2.認知靈活度在不同性別之幼兒表現上有顯著差異。 3.衝動控制與認知靈活度在不同社經地位之幼兒表現上有顯著差異。 4.衝動控制在不同父親教育程度之幼兒有顯著差異；母親教育程度與幼兒執行功能表現並無顯著差異。 5.工作記憶與衝動控制在不同幼兒園類型之幼兒表現上達顯著差異。 6.工作記憶與整體執行功能在幼兒園類型與社經地位之交互效果達顯著差異；與父親教育程度之交互效果，在衝動控制表現上達顯著差異。 7.工作記憶在就讀年數不同之幼兒表現上有顯著差異；工作記憶與整體執行功能在幼兒年齡組與就讀年數之交互效果達顯著差異參、五歲幼兒就學準備度評量表與英國幼兒學習與發展評量表之相對照領域對應度為中等，呈中高度正相關。肆、研究所取樣之幼兒，其執行功能表現與就學準備度有顯著正相關。最後，研究者依據上述結論針對幼兒執行功能與就學準備度提出未來學術研與實務教學之建議，以期對未來幼兒教育相關人員有所助益。關鍵字：幼兒執行功能、工作記憶、衝動控制、認知靈活度、幼兒就學準備度 The development of executive function (EF) and achievement in children has been an important research topic in developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience in the last decade. Executive function is strongly correlated with positive developmental and academic outcomes. The main purpose of this study were to : (a) explore the relationship between EF and school readiness; (b) understand the development of EF with five-years-old children in Taiwan; (c) explore the effect of different factors on EF. To accomplish these purposes, the methods adopted were a comprehensive literature review、 a questionnaire of school readiness and tests of EF. Participants are 108 children from the kindergartens of Wenshan District in Taipei City. The results are analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The main result were summarized as follows: 1. The participants have well performance at EF and the best is inhibitory control. 2. The performance in cognitive flexibility is boy better than girl. 3. Inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility contributed to the variance in socio-economic status; and only inhibitory control contributed uniquely to the variance in father’s education. 4. Working memory and EF contributed to the variance in type of kindergarten; and only working memory contributed uniquely to the variance in schooling experience. 5. The analyses reveal a positive prospective association between EF and school readiness. Keyword: executive function、school readiness、working memory、inhibitory control、cognitive flexibility
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