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    题名: 國家在它國領土內對非國家團體使用武力之合法性問題---近期發展對國際法之挑戰
    其它题名: Legality of the Use of Force by States against Non-State Groups in Foreign Terriroty---Recent Developments and Their Challenges to International Law
    作者: 蕭琇安
    贡献者: 行政院國家科學委員會
    國立政治大學國際關係研究中心
    关键词: 武力使用;國際法;自衛權;侵略;反恐;主權
    Use of Force;Jus ad Bellum;Self-Defence;Aggression;War against Terrorism;Sovereignty
    日期: 2009
    上传时间: 2012-11-30 15:07:56 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 近幾年來，國際上陸續發生幾起由某一國家在另一個國家的領土內對非國家團體(恐怖組織或叛亂團體)使用武力的事件。這些事件有以下幾個共同點：一、使用武力的國家皆曾遭受相關之非國家團體的暴力侵襲；二，使用武力的國家皆主張自衛權；三、非國家組織所在的地主國與這些組織所採取的暴力行為無直接關係。因此，它們不僅引起當事國間之外交爭端，並升高地區的緊張情勢，同時也為國際法限制國家使用武力的規範，特別是有關自衛權(right of self-defence)行使的部份，帶來新的挑戰。特別是非國家團體所在的國家本身並未主使或支持該團體的暴力或武裝行為，但此國家無法將這類組織驅離其領土，或阻止該組織對其它國家的敵對行動。此類問題可能引起的法律上的爭議，包括：受非國家團體侵犯的國家是否有自衛權? 自衛權是否得作為進入它國領土的合法依據？自衛權存在與否應由誰斷定? 領土受到侵擾的國家是否亦得主張自衛權？這些爭議，對國際法禁止武力使用、自衛權規範的發展，必然產生相當程度的影響，故值得加以探討。
    In recent years, several incidents have occurred that involved the use of force by a State against non-State groups (terrorist or other insurgent organizations) in the territory of another State. Those events shared some common features: (1) the State that uses force have been subjected to violent attacks by the targeted non-State group; (2) the State that uses force claims the right of self-defence, and (3) the State where the targeted non-State group is based did not instigate or directly support the acts of the group. They not only provoked diplomatic disputes between the States concerned and heightened regional tensions, but also brought about new challenges to the international norms regulating the use of force by States, including their right of self-defence. In particular, legal controversies may arise as a result of the State whose territory is intruded by another State, because the former is unable to prevent the non-State group within its territory to attack that State, nor is it able to expel the group from its territory. Issues such as whether the State attacked by the non-State group is justified under the claim of self-defence to use force; by whom should such a right be determined? Can the State whose territory is affected counter claim self-defence? All this will likely affect the normative evolution of international law on use of force, and therefore deserves further research.
    關聯: 基礎研究
    學術補助
    研究期間:9808~ 9907
    研究經費:377仟元
    行政院國家科學委員會
    計畫編號NSC98-2410-H004-030
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[國際關係研究中心] 國科會研究計畫

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