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    题名: 來台之大學外籍交換生的華語學習探討—以某公立大學之交換生為例
    The Chinese Language Learning of Foreign Exchange Students at College Level in Taiwan- A Case Study in a Public University
    作者: 李豫
    Lee, Yu
    贡献者: 信世昌
    Hsin, Shih Chang
    李豫
    Lee, Yu
    关键词: 交換學生
    華語文教學
    語言政策
    exchange student
    teaching Chinese as a second language
    language policy
    日期: 2011
    上传时间: 2012-10-30 11:06:51 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 近年來,隨著高等教育國際化的浪潮,全台各大學無不致力於外籍學生的招收,近年來來台交換學生人數之急遽增加即為一例。而除了專業課程外,華語學習亦為交換生在台生活重要之一環,可幫助其解決生活上之語言困難,亦可使其藉由語言之學習了解中華文化。品質優良且針對性高的華語課程,為吸引交換學生來台之誘因之一,可見華語課程之設計與提供與交換學生之招收息息相關。

    基於以上背景,筆者在此研究中藉由問卷調查、訪談及課堂觀察等三種方式蒐集資料,並以某公立大學為對象,將其於99學年度春季期入學且選修華語課程之交換學生進行個案探討,檢視目前交換學生華語學習之情形,目的在於(一)了解交換學生之背景與學習特性,並檢視各項可能影響其華語學習之因素。(二)深入瞭解目前交換生對於華語課程之意見,包括對於教師、教材、教學法及上課內容等。(三)了解行政人員對於交換生華語課程之規劃情形與華語教師在教學中所遇到的困難。(四)藉由以上幾點,分析該校目前華語課程之優缺點,並且提出對未來華語課程之改進建議。

    筆者將上述所蒐集之資料進行分析及探討,發現交換生確有與其他類型之外籍學生不同之華語學習特性—其多屬短期且初級之華語學習者,且華語學習多半並非來台交換之主要目的。然而,因目前提供之華語課程設計普遍無法配合交換生之學習需求、交換生本身華語學習之特殊性未被重視及提出討論,以及學校目前缺乏完善的華語課程配套措施等若干原因,導致學生學習動機低落、教師教學困難及學校資源浪費等結果,此現象值得注意。

    最後,筆者針對上述之發現,分別對於該校國合處、華語中心及華語教師三方面提供未來可能之改進建議。關於國合處,筆者建議:(一)釐清華語課程之責任歸屬(二)將「華語」及「文化」課程結合(三)華語獎學金配套措施之改善(四)加強學生課外華語接觸機會;關於華語中心,筆者建議:(一)加強對交換生之課程規劃及教材設計(二)設置專任或常任之特別班教師(三)注意特別班程度不齊的問題(四)設立特別班課程評鑑機制;關於華語教師,筆者建議:(一)捨棄以課本為核心的教學(二)聽說為主、讀寫為輔的上課方式(三)實用取向的上課內容(四)上課要求的提高(五)教師間教材的分享與合作(六)善用任務教學法、結合活動教學。本研究之分析與建議,可在目前來台交換生總數急速成長的情形下,提供各大學交換生華語課程改進之參考。
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    網路資源

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