| Abstract: | 本研究計劃嘗試以胡塞爾現象學式的歷史哲學為出發點，探究人類存有之歷史性的奠基問題，主要論述的重點如下：首先，說明胡塞爾對超驗主體性之時間意識之活生生當下的原初建構之分析，藉以揭示歷史意義的發生起源，和客觀世界之同一統一性意義的根源。其次，分析時間意識之意向性作用的被動綜合和主動綜合的運作關係，藉以闡明主體對歷史意義之創造的可能性，並指出人類基於創造性而應同時承擔的歷史責任。再者，探討人類存有歷史的目的論理性及其發展的過程。最後，反省人類在建構歷史意義中的開放性和限制性、語言對於歷史理念建構的影響與作用，以及詮釋歷史的重要性。
In my research project about the phenomenological ethics last three years, I find that Greek, especially Aristotle』s ethics has much influence on Arendt, Jonas, Heidegger and Husserl. Of cause, Aristotle』s natural teleology is the same idea for them, but the difference of the ethic contents is visible in the different character they have, namely art (for Heidegger), democracy (for Arendt), responsibility in view of technology (for Jonas), and material and formal doctrine of value (for Husserl). I also find that under the background of Greek ethics, for our individual person the search for wisdom is the primary, but the concept of love is the secondary, because the relationship with other is just an auxiliary way to wisdom. We know that Heidegger understands 「care」, but not 「love」 as the very essence of our human existence. However, his student Arendt interprets care in the sense of love. Her dissertation in 1928: 「Augustine』s concept of love」 (published in 1929) has prepared for her later thinking that love belongs to the important condition of the democracy. So this proposed research project is first motivated from the question how Augustine influences Arendt, who developed phenomenological ethics in a certain another direction as Heidegger did. On the other hand, regarding Augustine』s influence on phenomenological ethics we see Heidegger had in 1921 given the lecture 「Augustine and the Neo-Platonism」, before his 「Being and Time」 was published in 1927. Is Heidegger』s interpretation of Augustine』s concept of love different from Arendt』s? Or, is Arendt』s understanding of that just influenced by her teacher Jaspers? But how does Heidegger inherit Augustine』s thinking? What we are interested in Augustine lie mostly in the question: Is the development of phenomenological ethics impacted not only by Greek but also by Christianity? Does Augustine』s thinking play the influential role for this development? I find out that in Husserl』s earlier ethics the discourse about love has its origin in Greek, too. But the concept 「Love of Neighbor」 (Nachstenliebe) he talks about in his later time comes certainly from Christianity, but the question whether it is really for Husserl a Christian conception belongs still to my present research project. The proposed project would according to Husserl』s writings discuss whether and how he is related to Augustine regarding not only the topic of time, but also the topic of ethics. So this research project as a retrospect from Arendt, via Heidegger to Husserl aims to answer this question: Whether and how is such ethic thinking already implicated by Husserl that presupposes both Greek and Christianity as its background? |
