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    题名: 土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式演變及其效益評估
    作者: 李家儂
    Li, Chia Nung
    贡献者: 賴宗裕
    Lai, Tsung Yu
    李家儂
    Li, Chia Nung
    关键词: 土地使用
    交通運輸
    都市模式
    大眾運輸導向發展
    效益體系
    land use
    transportation
    urban form
    transit-oriented development
    effectiveness system
    日期: 2008
    上传时间: 2010-12-09 16:29:08 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 土地使用與交通運輸在都市模式中，具有密切的相互影響關係，而土地使用與交通運輸的連結，依其連結的型態不斷地演變，形塑出不同的都市模式，也產生不同的連結效益與衝擊，其中汽車導向發展（AOD）與大眾運輸導向發展（TOD）為當今全球之主要都市模式型態，但諸多的研究也指出AOD都市模式在土地使用與交通運輸的連結上，產生的負面衝擊大過於正面效益，因此全球許多大都市與台灣都市皆企圖演變成TOD都市模式，然而各大都市要如何透過土地使用與交通運輸有效益的連結，以演變出適宜的TOD都市模式，首先，除了瞭解各種都市模式的分類基礎之外，尚需一套都市整體面的效益體系，以監控都市模式的演變，並評估出有效益的TOD模式演變策略，然而，當前國內、外諸多的研究中，卻缺乏此一關鍵議題的深入探討。據此，本研究探討都市模式的分類指標，以供台灣都市評估現今的都市模式與研擬台灣都市演變成TOD都市模式的相關策略，繼而建構一套可以監控台灣都市演變成TOD都市模式的效益體系，以期台灣都市能有效益地演變成TOD都市模式。
    本研究首先分析土地使用與交通運輸如何透過連結，在複雜理論及相關文獻的立論下，如何演變出不同的都市模式，本研究運用計量指標設計，以全球36個城市為實證對象，建立出一套UTLC都市模式的分類指標，以瞭解當今各大都市在土地使用與交通運輸連結下，演變出什麼型態的都市模式，繼而探討現今都市型態要演變成TOD都市模式時，土地使用與交通運輸的連結時，產生了哪些效益，本研究運用群體決策明示結構法（GISM）與群體決策分析網絡程序法（GANP），據以評估台灣TOD都市模式效益體系，透過該效益體系評選出最具效益的TOD方案，最後，依循政策支援系統的理念，研議出土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制。
    基於上述研究內容，本研究得到如下之發現與結論：
    一、都市模式演變實證分析部分：本研究設計計量指標與全球36個城市的實證分析，分類出這些城市在土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式型態及其所具備之都市模式特徵，評估出台北市屬於緊密型汽車導向發展城市（AOD-S），並提出都市演變成TOD模式型態之初步策略構想，包括和諧地混合土地使用、人行導向的大眾運輸路網與都市設計、評估緊密發展的容受力總量與提高大眾運輸車站周邊土地使用強度。

    二、台灣TOD都市模式效益體系建構部分：本研究設計「群體決策明示結構法（GISM）」與評分法，建立台灣TOD都市模式效益體系，該效益體系具有16個效益內涵、3個層次、35個影響關係以及5類時間動態關係，政府規劃部門可據此研擬出適宜的策略，以回饋與補強其演變的過程中，演變至TOD都市模式所欠缺的成效。

    三、台灣都市演變成大眾運輸導向發展模式效益評估部分：本研究設計「群體決策分析網絡程序法（GANP）」，以台北市的都市背景為基礎，評估出TOD都市模式效益體系在網絡結構下的權重關係，繼而評選出最有效益的TOD方案，即為「提高TOD程度」，方案中的實施內容，又以提高大眾運輸搭乘率最為重要，其次分別為提高都市設計品質、提高土地使用密度與提高混合土地使用程度。

    四、政策支援系統建構都市模式發展機制部分：本研究應用政策支援系統理念作為機制研擬的架構，進而發展出土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制與配套措施，該機制具有模式分類策略、模式發展目標、效益連結策略與效益監控策略，在配套措施部分，包括特定專用區計畫、TOD實質計畫研擬、資本門改善計畫、計畫單元整體開發、開發協議與聯合開發，繼而形成有系統的「土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制」。
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